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Arabic holds an important position in Islamic education as the language of the Qur'an and Hadith. However, the teaching of Arabic in Islamic educational institutions often focuses only on linguistic aspects, thus not fully achieving the goals of comprehensive Islamic education. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of Arabic language education objectives from the perspective of Islamic Tarbiyah. The method used in this study is qualitative, with a literature study and descriptive analysis approach. The analysis was conducted on relevant sources. The findings indicate that Arabic education within the framework of Islamic Tarbiyah not only emphasizes mastery of language skills but also the importance of shaping students' faith, morals, and Islamic character. The integration of tarbawi values into the objectives, materials, methods, and evaluation of learning becomes a key element in creating Arabic language education that is valuable and aligned with the goals of Islamic education. Its implications are expected to serve as a reference for curriculum development, teacher competence improvement, as well as the formulation of contextual, integrative, and sustainable Arabic language learning policies in national Islamic educational institutions.

Arabic holds an important position in Islamic education as the language of the Qur'an and Hadith. However, the teaching of Arabic in Islamic educational institutions often focuses only on linguistic aspects, thus not fully achieving the goals of comprehensive Islamic education. This study aims to analyze the strengthening of Arabic language education objectives from the perspective of Islamic Tarbiyah. The method used in this study is qualitative, with a literature study and descriptive analysis approach. The analysis was conducted on relevant sources. The findings indicate that Arabic education within the framework of Islamic Tarbiyah not only emphasizes mastery of language skills but also the importance of shaping students' faith, morals, and Islamic character. The integration of tarbawi values into the objectives, materials, methods, and evaluation of learning becomes a key element in creating Arabic language education that is valuable and aligned with the goals of Islamic education. Its implications are expected to serve as a reference for curriculum development, teacher competence improvement, as well as the formulation of contextual, integrative, and sustainable Arabic language learning policies in national Islamic educational institutions.

The purpose of this study is to develop teaching materials in the form of interactive textbooks on the subject of Rukun Iman (the Five Pillars of Islam) for MIS NU students in Palangkaraya City. The motive for this study is the need for more contextual and relevant teaching resources on Aqidah Akhlak (Islamic beliefs and morals) in order to optimize students' understanding. The ADDIE development model, which includes the phases of needs analysis, product design, development, implementation, and evaluation, was used in this study. Validation was carried out by subject matter experts, design experts, and educators as practitioners to ensure the suitability of the product. Based on the validation results, subject matter experts and designers consistently rated the teaching materials as “very feasible” in terms of media functionality, visual appeal, and material completeness. Improved learning outcomes through pre- and post-tests, as well as a feasibility rate of 93.02%, were demonstrated during implementation in a field test with 30 second-grade students. Moderate to significant learning gains were shown by N-Gain analysis. The findings prove the effectiveness of interactive learning books in improving students' understanding of the Five Pillars of Islam and providing alternative teaching resources that are more interesting and easier to understand. It is hoped that this publication will serve as a guide for educators in Islamic elementary schools to maximize the teaching of Aqidah Akhlak.

Humans, as creations of Allah SWT, are entrusted with the mandate to prosper the earth; therefore, divine revelations were sent down, culminating in the Qur’an as the ultimate guide for life. Islam, as a universal religion, emphasizes education as a means to achieve a complete and meaningful life. Islamic education, as defined by scholars such as al-Syaebani, Zakiah Drajat, and Muhaimin, is a process of transforming human behavior in personal, social, and environmental contexts based on Islamic values. This study employs a library research method with a thematic tafsir (maudhu’i) approach to examine the Qur’anic foundations of Islamic education. The findings indicate that verses such as QS. Al-‘Alaq [96]:1–5 highlight the importance of literacy as the starting point of education, QS. Al-Mujadalah [58]:11 affirms the elevated status of the learned, QS. An-Nahl [16]:78 emphasizes human innate potential, QS. Luqman [31]:12–19 stresses character education, and QS. Ali Imran [3]:190–191 underscores the integration of spirituality and intellect. Thus, the Qur’anic foundation provides theological, philosophical, and practical bases for the development of Islamic education aimed at forming insan kamil—individuals who are knowledgeable, faithful, and morally upright. QS. Luqman: 13–19 highlights education based on monotheism and morals, where Luqman advises his children to have faith, do good deeds and be patient. QS. Al-Māidah: 67 emphasizes trust and courage in conveying knowledge, as Allah commanded the Prophet to convey revelation without fear

This study examines the role of digital church music as a medium for evangelism and discipleship within the digital ecosystem. It employs a mixed methods approach using a sequential explanatory design, in which quantitative data collection is followed by qualitative exploration. Quantitative data were gathered through an online survey of at least 200 respondents to measure the intensity of digital worship music consumption, perceived gospel understanding, faith reflection, and spiritual engagement. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with 15–20 key informants and digital content analysis of worship songs, service videos, and social media interactions. The findings indicate that digital church music contributes to strengthening gospel understanding, encouraging faith reflection, and expanding discipleship practices through online spaces. A moderate positive correlation between music consumption intensity and spiritual engagement suggests that music functions as a contextual medium for faith formation. This study highlights the importance of adaptive theological and pastoral strategies for church music ministry in the digital era.

Education in Islam plays a vital role in developing human potential holistically, where knowledge serves as the primary indicator of an individual's quality. This study aims to examine the virtue of knowledgeable people from the Quranic perspective, focusing on the theological and pedagogical analysis of Surah Al-Mujadalah verse 11. The method employed is descriptive qualitative through library research with a thematic exegesis (tafsir) approach. The results indicate that QS. Al-Mujadalah verse 11 establishes a hierarchy of human dignity based on the integration of faith and knowledge, rather than social or material status. These findings confirm that the elevation of rank encompasses a worldly dimension in the form of moral authority and an otherworldly dimension in the form of high positions before Allah. The implications of this research for contemporary Islamic education emphasize the importance of eliminating the dichotomy between religious and general sciences to cultivate the insan kamil (perfect human), who possesses a balance of intellectual intelligence, spiritual depth, and social responsibility. The study concludes that the virtue of knowledge in Islam is always grounded in transcendental values that bridge theory, faith, and practical deeds.

This study examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Christian Religious Education (PAK), using four Biblical principles love, justice, truth, and stewardship as a framework. Employing a qualitative approach with thematic triangulation through interviews with leaders, lecturers, and students, the research aims to understand how AI can be used ethically in PAK. The findings indicate that AI, when applied thoughtfully and ethically, can significantly enhance the learning process. The principle of love emphasizes the importance of honesty, empathy, and a compassionate approach in the use of AI. Justice calls for equitable access to AI tools, ensuring that all learners can benefit regardless of their backgrounds. The principle of truth encourages theological discernment in the application of AI, ensuring that it aligns with Christian teachings. Stewardship highlights the responsibility to manage AI technologies wisely, using them to serve God's purposes. AI is viewed not as a replacement for human educators but as a tool to serve and glorify God in the educational process. The study suggests that theological institutions should create ethical AI guidelines to ensure responsible use and should focus on enhancing faith-based digital literacy among students, preparing them for the digital age while remaining rooted in their faith.

In this study, we will discuss the concept of Islamic education from Buya Hamka's perspective. Buya Hamka was an Indonesian Muslim cleric and scholar with a profound perspective on the relationship between knowledge, faith, and morality. The purpose of this study is to analyze aspects of Islamic education according to Buya Hamka and their relevance to the modern education system. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach, drawing on relevant academic literature such as journals, books, and articles. This research concludes that Buya Hamka views Islamic education as an effort to shape a holistic human being, balancing spiritual, intellectual, moral, and social aspects. Hamka emphasized that education is not only intended to cultivate the intellect but also to purify the heart and develop noble character. According to Hamka, Islamic education must be grounded in monotheism, direct educators as role models of morality, and integrate religious and intellectual knowledge for the benefit of the community. Buya Hamka's perspective is sufficient to address the challenges of modern education, which tends to focus on academic values ​​without considering the instilling of moral and spiritual values.

Spirituality is a fundamental foundation of congregational faith life that directly influences character formation and daily behavior. However, social, cultural, and technological changes in the modern era have contributed to the weakening of congregational spirituality, including within the GKSI Sungai Maram congregation in Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan. This condition is reflected in faith practices that tend to be routine and have not yet fostered holistic Christlike character. This community service program aimed to revitalize congregational spirituality as an effort to strengthen character formation and faith through a contextual and participatory approach. The program was implemented through pastoral mentoring, reflective group discussions, prayer fellowships, and community-based faith development activities involving church leaders and congregants. The implementation methods included initial observation of congregational conditions, interviews with church leaders and members, and community reflection as an evaluation tool. The results of the program indicate increased spiritual awareness among congregants, reflected in the strengthening of Christian character values such as love, integrity, responsibility, and social concern, as well as improved relational quality within the congregation. In addition, the program encouraged the establishment of sustainable shared spiritual practices as an integral part of church life. Therefore, contextual and sustainable spiritual revitalization through community service activities serves as an effective strategy for building a congregation that is mature in faith, strong in character, and socially impactful.

This study aims to explore the contribution of Christian Religious Education in developing the character of people with disabilities, grounded in Jean Vanier’s perspective on inclusive community and human dignity. People with disabilities are often marginalized due to persistent social stigma, which limits their access to education, meaningful participation, and employment opportunities, particularly within faith-based educational contexts. Employing a qualitative research approach through an in-depth literature review, this study examines key concepts in Christian Religious Education, the characteristics and lived experiences of individuals with disabilities, and the challenges and strategies associated with inclusive educational practices. The findings indicate that Christian Religious Education can function as an effective empowerment framework by integrating spiritual formation with the development of social skills, self-confidence, and communal belonging. Based on Jean Vanier’s inclusive vision, the study highlights practical implications for local churches, Christian schools, and faith-based communities, such as fostering inclusive learning environments, implementing participatory pedagogical models, and strengthening community-based support systems for people with disabilities.Furthermore, reducing social stigma through value-based education and community engagement emerges as a critical strategy to enhance educational participation and social integration. These findings contribute to the discourse on inclusive Christian education and offer contextual strategies applicable to local academic and ecclesial settings in promoting the dignity and empowerment of people with disabilities.

This study discusses the progress of science in Andalusia during the rule of the Umayyad Daulah II, which served as an essential bridge between the Islamic world and the West. The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that stimulated scientific advancement, the fields of knowledge that developed, and the intellectual values inherited for modern life. This study employs a qualitative approach with a library research method by analyzing various historical sources, academic journals, and scholarly works related to Islamic civilization in Andalusia. The results show that scientific progress in Andalusia under the Umayyad Daulah II emerged from political stability, social tolerance, religious enthusiasm, and government support for education and research. Knowledge flourished in diverse disciplines such as medicine, astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, art, and architecture. Andalusia became a leading center for education and translation, transmitting Islamic knowledge to Europe and contributing greatly to the rise of the Renaissance. In conclusion, the intellectual achievements of Andalusia demonstrate that the harmony between faith, justice, and openness produces a just and progressive civilization. These scientific and moral values remain relevant for guiding the development of a modern civilization grounded in ethics and humanity.

Medical emergency services demand swift and precise action; however, medical personnel are often hindered by the risk of criminalization resulting from unintended outcomes. Although Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health mandates the provision of assistance, the regulation has not yet provided explicit criminal protection for good-faith rescuers, thereby triggering the practice of defensive medicine. This study aims to examine the implementation of the Good Samaritan Law (GSL) concept as an alternative legal protection for health workers. The research methods employed are juridical-normative and juridical-empirical, utilizing statutory, comparative, and case approaches. The findings indicate that current regulations, including Article 531 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law No. 17/2023, have limitations as they emphasize the obligation to assist rather than the protection of the rescuer. In comparison, the international GSL concept offers a standard of "limited immunity," which explicitly protects rescuers from civil and criminal liability, provided the actions are performed without gross negligence. The impact of implementing GSL in Indonesia is projected to provide stronger legal certainty than existing regulations, reduce the psychological burden on medical personnel in emergency situations, and encourage social solidarity without the fear of unnecessary lawsuits. The study concludes that the adoption of GSL is an urgent legal reconstruction to ensure the professional protection of health workers in Indonesia.

The ecological crisis affecting Central Kalimantan reveals systemic environmental degradation, ranging from deforestation and river pollution to peatland destruction caused by massive extractive activities. The impact of this crisis extends beyond ecological damage, disrupting the social, cultural, and spiritual order of the Dayak Indigenous communities. This article aims to reflect on Dayak communal spirituality as a path toward ecological conversion in the light of the encyclical Laudato Si’. Employing a qualitative approach through theological–contextual hermeneutics and library research, this study examines the dialogue between Dayak cosmology, communal life values, and the Catholic Church’s vision of integral ecology. The findings indicate that Dayak communal spirituality affirms a reciprocal relationship among humans, nature, the community, and the Creator, which resonates with the call for ecological conversion articulated in Laudato Si’. This article argues that integrating Dayak communal spirituality into the Church’s pastoral praxis holds transformative potential in fostering ecological awareness, strengthening the inculturation of faith, and encouraging the active participation of the faithful in caring for our common home in a sustainable manner.

This study aims to describe the implementation process of the Christian Religious Education teaching module with the topic "Human Life in God's Care" for seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 12 Palangka Raya. The focus of the activity was directed to determine the implementation of learning, student responses, and learning outcomes achieved through the biblical story approach, discussion, reflection, and creative poster-making projects. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through observation, documentation, and assessment of work results. Data were analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the implementation of the teaching module went well and achieved the learning objectives. Students were able to understand the concept of God's care, relate God's word to personal life experiences, and demonstrate an attitude of gratitude through reflection and discussion. In addition, students produced a poster with the theme "God Cares for My Life" as a form of creative expression and the meaning of faith. Despite several obstacles such as limited time for the project and variations in student activity levels, learning remained effective and conducive. The assessment showed positive developments in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects of students.

The concept of the Day of the LORD in the prophetic tradition of the Old Testament is often narrowly understood as a day of victory and salvation for Israel. However, the book of Amos offers a sharp critique of such an interpretation. This study aims to examine the eschatological meaning of the Day of the LORD in Amos 5:18–24 as a moment of judgment and restoration. This research employs a qualitative method with a biblical hermeneutical approach, particularly historical-contextual and theological analysis of Amos 5:18–24. The findings indicate that the Day of the LORD is portrayed as a divine event that brings judgment against social injustice, religious hypocrisy, and ethical deviation among the people of Israel. At the same time, the text opens the possibility of restoration through the demand for justice and righteousness as expressions of true worship. Therefore, Amos’s eschatology is not speculative about the future but functions as a prophetic critique that calls for repentance and social transformation. This study affirms that the Day of the LORD remains contextually relevant for the contemporary church in integrating faith, worship, and social justice as an inseparable unity.

The discourse on the attributes of God has developed to include the issue of His physical attributes, as described in the texts, which state that God has hands, a face, a chair, a throne, and so on. This article employs a literature study as its method. Literature data are secondary sources, meaning the researcher obtains material indirectly and not from original, first-hand sources. Such sources may contain the biases or perspectives of their authors, and the researcher does not always have full control over how the data were collected or organized according to their original purpose. The results of this study indicate that the existence of God’s attributes is clearly explained by Abduh: the attributes that must be believed by the faithful are derived from the guidance of reason and the information provided by Islamic law. Regarding the classification of God’s attributes, there are 20 attributes that are obligatory for God, 20 that are impossible for God, and attributes that are jaiz (possible) for God. Summarizing the attributes of God mentioned in Surah Al-Qashash verses 68–70: God is the Creator, God is free to choose, God is Most Holy, God is All-Knowing, God is One, God is worthy of praise, God is Most Wise, and to God all things will return. One of the characteristics of a believer is to affirm and have certainty in the existence of God while distancing themselves from ideologies that negate or oppose God.

Job placement is a brief and concise summary of the process of placing employees in positions that match their expertise, skills, and knowledge within an organization. Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills, competencies, and attributes of individuals that contribute to economic and social performance. Teamwork is one of the important factors in increasing effectiveness and productivity in an organizational environment. Employee performance is one of the main indicators in determining the success and competitiveness of an organization. This study aims to analyze the effect of job placement, human capital, and teamwork on employee performance at PT. Faithfull The Brand. This study was conducted at PT. Faithfull The Brand. The research population was employees of PT. Faithfull The Brand. The sample in this study was 87 respondents who were determined based on the Slovin formula. The data analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS program. The results of testing the hypothesis stated that job placement had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Faithfull The Brand, human capital had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Faithfull The Brand, and teamwork had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Faithfull The Brand.

Among the afterlife in Islamic belief is the grave, where at the beginning of this period it is believed that the soul will be questioned by the angels Munkar and Nakir about his faith and deeds in the world. The purpose of this writing is focused on elaborating on Islamic eschatology in the story of Umar bin Khattab about post-death procedures. Literature research to find out a more in-depth discussion on the topic of post-death procedures by collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing information from books, journals, articles, and other relevant documents, was analyzed content. Findings: The story of Umar bin Khattab with the Angels Munkar and Nakir shows his concern for the welfare of the people. This reflects responsible leadership and is oriented towards the long-term good for all Muslims. Although this particular narrative is not widely documented in classical Islamic texts, it reflects a broader theme in Islamic teachings about the mercy and compassion of Allah and the angels. This story also highlights the exemplary character of Umar and his concern for the welfare of others, even in the afterlife. Conclusion: This story is about a leader who always thinks about the welfare of the people, including those who will face questions in the grave. Novelty: This finding highlights visionary leadership based on the essence of Islam that fosters true happiness in this world and the hereafter, considering the challenges of modern leadership oriented toward the afterlife.

This study aims to review the historical development of theology from the classical period to the contemporary period and its relationship with Islamic theological thought in the modern era. Theology plays an important role as a basis for understanding the creed and an intellectual response to the challenges of thought in every period of Islamic history. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method on ten major scientific works that discuss the development of Islamic theology. Data were collected through document review and analyzed using descriptive-analytical techniques to trace the evolution of theological thought. The results show that theology of theology experienced three main phases of development: the classical period which emphasized rational defense of faith, the medieval period which combined reason and revelation in theological thought, and the modern period which focused on the issue of pluralism and contemporary socio-religious challenges. This study concludes that Islamic theology is a dynamic discipline and continues to adapt to the intellectual and social contexts of each era.

This paper discusses the role of education in shaping students' ability to recognize and appreciate religious diversity within Indonesia's pluralistic society. Indonesia, as a pluralistic nation, boasts a diversity of ethnicities, cultures, and religions, which demands the instilling of tolerance from an early age, particularly through educational institutions. Students are understood as individuals developing intellectually, morally, socially, and spiritually, requiring systematic guidance to understand differences as a gift from God. Recognizing and appreciating religious diversity is not merely about passive tolerance but also encompasses the ability to respect others' beliefs, engage in dialogue, and coexist peacefully without losing one's faith identity. Through education, particularly Christian Religious Education and Pancasila Education, values ​​of tolerance can be instilled through curriculum integration, teacher role models, an inclusive school environment, and practices such as opportunities to worship according to one's religion, interfaith cooperation, and social activities. Teachers play a strategic role as facilitators and role models in fostering empathy and appreciation for differences. Various strategies such as integrating multicultural values, providing worship spaces, strengthening cooperation, and cultivating mutual respect have proven effective in developing tolerant character in students. Research results indicate that education that emphasizes the value of tolerance aligns with the spirit of Pancasila and the teachings of Christ's love in the Bible. Therefore, developing students who value religious diversity is a long-term investment in creating a peaceful, just, and civilized society. Education that prioritizes inclusivity provides a crucial foundation for a generation capable of becoming agents of peace amidst the nation's diversity.