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This study aims to examine the understanding of students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ihya Ulumiddin Banjarmasin regarding acid-base reactions through experiments using simple materials, namely vinegar and baking soda. The method used is qualitative research with a case study approach, where data is collected through observation, interviews, and documentation during the experiment. This research involves a number of fourth-grade students as research subjects. The results show that most students understand the basic concepts of acid-base reactions, such as color changes and gas bubble formation, although there are still some difficulties in explaining the relationship between reactants scientifically. This study provides an overview of the potential and challenges in teaching basic chemistry concepts at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level, and suggests a more interactive learning approach to enhance student understanding.

The research aims to measure the effectiveness of a training program according to the dimensions of professional motivation for accountants and its impact on improving job satisfaction by verifying the validity of the following null hypothesis: "There is no statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group who will undergo training in the program prepared according to the dimensions of professional motivation, and the average scores of the control group who will not undergo training in the training program in job satisfaction." To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers used the experimental design with two equivalent groups (experimental and control), as (42) accountants were selected randomly (by lottery) as a sample for the research from the accountants affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Qadisiyah for the academic year (2024 - 2025), with (21) accountants for the experimental group and (21) accountants for the control group. The training program was built according to three stages (planning, design, evaluation), and then the accountants of the experimental group were trained for (11) days with two sessions per day using the training program according to the dimensions of professional motivation. The researcher also prepared a scale for technical enlightenment of the multiple-choice type (40 paragraphs), and their validity and stability were verified, as the stability coefficient for the scale test reached (0.91) and the stability coefficient for the observation card reached (0.87), for the scale test (0.89) and they were applied after the end of the experiment. The researcher used the statistical program SPSS. The accountants of the experimental group outperformed the accountants of the control group in the job satisfaction scale test, and in light of the research results, the researcher recommended the possibility of adopting the training program prepared according to the dimensions of professional motivation.

The research aims to build a training programme according to the dimensions of the professional motivation of accountants and its impact on the development of technical Literacy by verifying the validity of the following null hypothesis: "There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of accountants of the experimental group and those who will subject accountants to the training programme based on the dimensions of professional motivation and the average scores of accountants for the control group who will not subject accountants to training in the training programme in technical Literacy.To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers used the experimental design with two equivalent groups (experimental and control), as 42 accountants were randomly selected (by lot) as a sample for research from the accountants of the General Directorate of Education of Qadisiyah for the academic year 2024-2025, by 21 accountants for the experimental group and 21 accountants for the control group.The training programme was built according to three stages (planning, design, evaluation), and then trained accountants of the experimental group for a period of (11) days by two sessions per day using the training programme according to the dimensions of professional motivation, and the researcher prepared a scale for technical Literacy of the type of multiple choice (40 items), and their sincerity and stability were verified, as the stability coefficient for testing the scale reached (90, 0) and the stability coefficient of the observation card was (0.86), for the scale test (0.89) and they were applied after the end of the experiment. And the researcher used the statistical programme SPSS.The accountants of the experimental group outperformed the accountants of the control group in the scale test, and in light of the results of the research, the researcher recommended the possibility of adopting the training programme prepared according to the dimensions of professional motivation.

Intonation is one of the acoustic features that is highly emphasised by English learners worldwide, including Chinese EFL and Indonesian EFL speakers. The primary focus of the research is to compare variations in intonation between Chinese EFL and Indonesian EFL speakers while at the same time observing the other two acoustic features, which are intensity and duration. To make this research more comprehensive, a native English speaker’s pronunciation was also included to set the standard of English pronunciation. The data was visualised using the phonetic software PRAAT following the experiment. The findings indicate that Indonesian EFL speakers exhibit intonation patterns more similar to native English speakers compared to Chinese EFL speakers, although the specific intonation differences from native speakers remain evident. Learning about phonetic theory and adjusting intonation with the help of visual phonetic software are both effective ways to address this issue.

Based on the observation, a problem was found regarding the lack of interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education in class V of SD Negeri 174552 Tambunan. This is due to the difficulty of students in understanding the learning material. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning using visual media compared to learning using conventional media. The type of experimental research used is Quasi Experiment. Class V-A is the experimental class and class V-B is the control class. The dependent variable in this study is the interest in learning Christian Religious Education and Character Education and the independent variable is visual media. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The results of the study used data from the initial test scores (Pretest) and the final test (Posttest). The results of the study showed that the use of visual media in the experimental class was more effective than the use of conventional learning media in the control class. The results of the t-test in the experimental class showed tcount (7.74) > ttable (2.01) H0 was rejected. The results of the t-test in the control class showed tcount (0.52) < ttable (2.01) H0 was accepted. Then N-Gain obtained the average N-Gain in the experimental class 0.37, in the control class the average N-Gain 0.03. The results of the N-Gain t-test of the experimental and control classes showed t count (10.29) > t table (2.01) H0 was rejected. The conclusion of this study is that learning using visual media is more effective than learning using conventional media.    

IPAL sludge in the Industrial Estate until now has not been able to be utilized properly, the utilization of IPAL sludge into flower pots is one of the efforts to overcome the problem of IPAL sludge waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the variations in each experiment, the characteristics of flower pots from IPAL sludge in each experiment, and the difference in ratios in each experiment. The method used is the solidification methods, which is the process of adding materials that can solidify waste to form a solid waste mass. Experiments were conducted with different mixtures of old newspapers, water, and cement to produce optimal flower pots. Of the three experiments that have been carried out, all experiments were carried out successfully and obtained the same ratio results, but have different characteristics. The implementation of this method is expected to be an example of sustainable waste management and provide benefits to the environment and society, and has the potential to support farming activities and can be a superior product in the handicraft business.  

Korespondensi: susanti@aksibukartini.ac.id Abstract. A hairclip is a hair extension that is later woven or clamped into real hair. Hairclips give a thick effect to hair. Hair clips are made from synthetic materials, one of which uses organic materials from pineapple leaf fiber waste. The aims of this research are: 1) to know the process of making hairclips using pineapple leaf fiber 2) to know and validate hairclip products using pineapple leaf fiber 3) to know the public's acceptance of hairclips using pineapple leaf fiber. The methods in this research are observation, literature, experiments, documentation, interviews and questionnaires. The experiment was carried out at Ds. Jangkungharjo RT.01 RW.01 Kec. Brati District. Grobogan, Central Java. The experiment was carried out three times, namely by coloring 1) Staining Pineapple Leaf Fibers Using Clothes Dye 2) Staining Pineapple Leaf Fibers Using Color Spray 3) Staining Pineapple Leaf Fibers Using Hair Dye. Product validation is carried out by three validators through sensory tests. The product validation results are the products in the first experiment. The results of the public test conducted on 60 respondents were that the public's level of liking for the product was 3.32, they were interested in the color of the hairclip, the level of liking for the texture was 3.17, the level of ease of use was 3.45 and the level of liking for the aroma of  the hairclip was 3.12. The conclusion is that overall public acceptance is 3.26 with the description category like score. Repairs need to be made so that the hair remains strong and does not break or fall out easily and tools are needed to make the fiber making process easier..    

Gross motor skills are the ability to move the body using large muscles, most or all of the body's gross motor skills are needed by children to sit, kick, run, go up and down stairs. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of walking on a boardwalk on gross motor development in children aged 5-6 years. The method used in this research is quasi-experiment. The design of this research is pretest and posttest (the one group pretest posttest design). This research was conducted at the Asfiyah Lidah Wetan Islamic Kindergarten, Lakarsantri District, Surabaya, East Java. The practice time in the field is 7 weeks with a training duration of 2 times per week. The population in this study were all students at Asfiyah Islamic Kindergarten who were active in walking on the boardwalk with a total of 45 students. The sampling technique in this research is total sampling, namely a sampling technique with the number of samples equal to the population. The research instruments that I carried out were using tests of walking forward with arms outstretched, walking sideways with arms outstretched, walking forward with hands on the waist, walking forward with hands folded in front of the chest, and standing on one leg in an airplane stance. The collection technique in this study used Wilcoxon. The conclusion in this study shows that there is a significant Sig (2-tailed) influence of the activity of walking on the boardwalk on the gross motor development of children aged 5-6 years at the Asfiyah Lidah Wetan Islamic Kindergarten using the outstretched hands forward walking test, walking sidewaysarms outstretched, walking forward with hands on your waist, walking forward with your hands folded in front of your chest, and standing on one leg in an airplane stance. It is proven that the Sig value. (2-tailed) of the five indicators < 0.05.