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Cattle farming plays a strategic role in rural economic development by generating employment, supplementary household income, and contributing to food and nutritional security. However, in Indonesia, most smallholder cattle enterprises remain traditional and small-scale, leading farmers to treat livestock farming primarily as a secondary livelihood. While previous studies have largely focused on technical adoption and production performance, limited attention has been given to farmers’ psychological interest as a foundation for sustaining livestock enterprises. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the level of community interest in cattle farming and examine the influence of farmers’ characteristics (age, education level, herd size, number of family dependents, farming experience, and primary income) on such interest. A quantitative survey was conducted involving 34 cattle farmers in Taji Village, Jabung District, Malang Regency, selected using total sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings reveal that community interest in cattle farming is generally high, as reflected in emotional (3.93), cognitive (3.81), and conative (3.74) dimensions measured on a four-point Likert scale. Regression results indicate that age has a significant positive effect (p = 0.022), whereas farming experience has a significant negative effect (p = 0.025) on interest levels. Other variables show no statistically significant influence. These findings highlight that psychological engagement in cattle farming is shaped more by demographic and experiential factors than by formal education or income level. The study contributes to the literature by positioning interest as a psychological determinant of livestock sustainability. Policy implications emphasize the urgency of risk-mitigation extension programs to address farmer burnout, incentivized intergenerational knowledge transfer, and cooperative-based institutional support to ensure smallholder livestock sustainability.

Bilingual instruction is a learning strategy that can help students understand learning materials while bridging the gap between the language used at school and the language spoken in daily life. This study aims to analyze the effect of bilingual instruction on students' understanding of the Ecosystem topic at SDK Gusung Karang, Koja Gete Village. The study was motivated by the fact that students predominantly use the Sikka language in their daily communication, making it difficult for them to understand lessons delivered solely in Indonesian. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The research participants consisted of the fourth-grade homeroom teacher and fourth-grade students at SDK Gusung Karang. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation and analyzed using data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings indicate that bilingual instruction has a positive impact on students' understanding of the Ecosystem topic. The use of the Sikka language helps students comprehend basic concepts, increases classroom participation, and enhances their confidence during the learning process. Meanwhile, Indonesian strengthens students' mastery of scientific terminology and academic language skills. Although students still experience difficulties in consistently using scientific terms in Indonesian, bilingual instruction improves their understanding and connects learning concepts with their real-life experiences. The effectiveness of this strategy depends on teachers' ability to manage language switching in a structured and consistent manner.

Breastfeeding should ideally begin immediately after birth and be provided exclusively for the first six months of life. However, in 2022, the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0–6 months in Jayapura was only 21%, which remains far below the national target of 45%. Various factors contribute to this low coverage, including limited knowledge, lack of experience, insufficient support systems, and concerns among adolescent mothers that breastfeeding may interfere with their education or employment. This study aimed to explore the breastfeeding experiences of adolescent mothers in Wahno Village, Abepura Subdistrict. A qualitative research design was used, with structured interviews conducted using a questionnaire. The results indicated that the initiation of exclusive breastfeeding among adolescent mothers was generally positive. Participants reported mixed emotional experiences, including feelings of happiness, pride, stress, and discomfort. Family support, particularly from husbands, played an important role in sustaining breastfeeding practices. Most respondents also demonstrated adequate knowledge regarding how to manage breastfeeding-related challenges. Overall, adolescent mothers in Wahno Village showed a reasonable level of understanding and commitment toward exclusive breastfeeding. Continued education and support are recommended to further strengthen breastfeeding practices among adolescent mothers and their families.

VIP Driving Course is a driving course institution that focuses on safe and effective learning. This course has experienced problems in the last five months, there has been a decrease in the number of students, recorded from January to May, respectively, there were 47, 33, 29, 25, and 21 students. This indicates a customer satisfaction issue related to service quality. The purpose of this study was to identify service quality, analyze the gap value and identify service dimensions or attributes that are prioritized for improvement. The number of respondents used was 112 respondents. This study used the SERVQUAL method to measure the gap between student expectations and perceptions, and importance performance analysis to determine improvement priorities. The results showed six attributes with negative gap values ​​including comfort of facilities, clarity of material, availability of cars, responsiveness of service, clarity of information, and attention to safety, and seven attributes with positive gap values ​​including vehicle cleanliness, neatness of instructors, time discipline, fast administration, friendly service, openness to input, and orientation to student needs. SERVQUAL analysis shows 4 dimensions with negative values ​​including tangibles of -0.21, reliability of -0.32, responsiveness of -0.29, and assurance of -0.24, while the empathy dimension obtained a positive gap value of 0.06. This indicates that most services have not met student expectations. Based on the IPA analysis, there are 4 attributes in quadrant I that are the main priority for improvement, with suggestions including rearranging the waiting room, lighting, air circulation, and supporting facilities. Increasing the number of training cars, optimizing the delivery of schedule information, procedures through digital media, and increasing attention to driving safety. Improvement efforts are made to increase customer satisfaction.

This study aims to analyze the inner conflict experienced by the female protagonist, Alina Suhita, in the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis using Karen Horney’s psychological perspective. The study is motivated by the complexity of the psychological struggles faced by the main character in dealing with marital pressures, family expectations, and socio-cultural demands within a pesantren environment. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach using content analysis. The data source was the novel Hati Suhita by Khilma Anis, while the research data consisted of textual excerpts depicting the protagonist’s inner conflicts. Data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques and subsequently analyzed based on Karen Horney’s theory of neurotic tendencies. The findings reveal that Suhita’s inner conflict is influenced by marital pressures, family demands, social expectations, as well as cultural and religious values that shape her personality. These conflicts are manifested through three neurotic tendencies: moving toward people, moving against people, and moving away from people. The tendency of moving toward people is reflected in her obedience, self-sacrifice, and need for acceptance. The tendency of moving against people appears in her efforts to maintain self-respect, assertiveness, and courage in confronting pressure. Meanwhile, the tendency of moving away from people is shown through emotional withdrawal, solitude, and the pursuit of inner peace. The findings indicate that the protagonist’s inner conflict is dynamic and functions as a form of psychological adjustment to basic anxiety and socio-cultural pressures throughout the narrative.

This community service activity aimed to improve communication competence and customer experience among service actors in a higher education environment. The training was implemented at Gedung Aula KPA Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya on 19 February 2026 under the theme of excellent service transformation based on integrity to support the institutional commitment toward an Integrity Zone and Corruption-Free Area. The method consisted of preparation, needs identification, interactive presentation, case-based discussion, service communication simulation, and reflective evaluation. The material emphasized service attitude, active listening, empathy, complaint response, and customer experience touchpoints in academic and administrative services. The activity showed that participants were able to identify the importance of consistent communication behavior, emotional control, and service recovery in creating positive experiences for students, lecturers, partners, and public stakeholders. The implication of this activity is the need for continuous service culture reinforcement through standard operating procedures, role-play-based training, and periodic evaluation of user satisfaction in higher education services.

This study examines the financial performance of PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk during the 2023–2025 period by evaluating key financial indicators, namely the Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE). The study aims to assess the company's financial condition and analyze the impact of its business transformation strategy on financial performance. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed using secondary data obtained from the company's published annual financial reports. Data analysis focused on comparing financial ratio trends over the three-year period to evaluate liquidity, solvency, and profitability performance. The findings indicate that the company's financial performance experienced fluctuations during the business transformation process. Liquidity and solvency gradually improved toward the end of the observation period, reflecting stronger short-term financial capability and a healthier capital structure. Profitability also demonstrated increased efficiency in utilizing company assets, although changes in equity returns indicated adjustments in capital management during the transformation process. Overall, the implementation of the company's transformation strategy contributed positively to strengthening financial performance and improving resilience in responding to changing business conditions and market competition. This study provides useful insights for management, investors, and other stakeholders in evaluating the effectiveness of corporate transformation strategies through financial ratio analysis and highlights the importance of maintaining financial stability to support sustainable business growth.

Children with special needs, particularly those with intellectual disabilities, often experience difficulties in emotional development, communication skills, and social interaction. These conditions may make it challenging for them to express their feelings, regulate their emotions, and adapt to their surroundings. Based on observations conducted at SLBN Pembina Kupang, several children were found to be easily angered, lacking in self-confidence, and experiencing difficulties in social interaction. The implementation of this program consisted of three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. The program began with coordination with the school, the preparation of coloring materials and equipment, and the selection of participants. Subsequently, the children participated in play therapy through coloring activities under the guidance of the service team and teachers. Evaluation was carried out by observing the children's participation, changes in emotional expression, and social interaction skills throughout the activities. The results showed that play therapy through coloring activities had a positive impact on the children's emotional development. The children became calmer, more confident, and better able to express their feelings. In addition, the activities helped improve their social skills, cooperation, concentration, discipline, and fine motor skills. Therefore, play therapy through coloring activities can serve as an effective, simple, and sustainable intervention to support the emotional development of children with special needs at SLBN Pembina Kupang.

Needle Stick Injury (NSI) is a serious occupational hazard among healthcare workers due to the risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens. A preliminary study at Puskesmas X found that 60% of healthcare workers had experienced NSI. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between work standards, skills, and training with the incidence of NSI among healthcare workers (nurses and midwives) at Puskesmas X, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. A total sampling technique was used, resulting in 37 respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tests. The results showed majority of respondents were aged 26–34 years (67.6%), female (81.1%), and had experienced NSI (73.0%). Statistical analysis showed a significant association between work standards (p = 0.018), skills (p < 0.001), and training (p = 0.014) with NSI incidence. Poor work standards, inadequate clinical skills, and limited participation in training were strongly associated with higher rates of NSI. Community health centers are recommended to implement regular occupational safety training programs to improve the technical skills of healthcare workers.

Needle Stick Injury (NSI) is a serious occupational hazard among healthcare workers due to the risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens. A preliminary study at Puskesmas X found that 60% of healthcare workers had experienced NSI. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between work standards, skills, and training with the incidence of NSI among healthcare workers (nurses and midwives) at Puskesmas X, East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. A total sampling technique was used, resulting in 37 respondents. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tests. The results showed majority of respondents were aged 26–34 years (67.6%), female (81.1%), and had experienced NSI (73.0%). Statistical analysis showed a significant association between work standards (p = 0.018), skills (p < 0.001), and training (p = 0.014) with NSI incidence. Poor work standards, inadequate clinical skills, and limited participation in training were strongly associated with higher rates of NSI. Community health centers are recommended to implement regular occupational safety training programs to improve the technical skills of healthcare workers.

This study aims to analyze the influence of digital experience and customer experience on passenger loyalty on the Progo Train route, Pasar Senen–Lempuyangan. The increasing digitalization of public transportation services through the Access by KAI application has highlighted the importance of examining the quality of digital experience and customer experience in maintaining passenger loyalty. The study employed a quantitative approach with a causal associative design. Data were collected from 150 respondents through a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 software (Ringle et al., 2024). The results of the outer model evaluation showed that all indicators had outer loadings > 0.70, Average Variance Extracted (AVE) > 0.50, Composite Reliability (CR) and Cronbach's alpha > 0.70, thus all constructs were declared valid and reliable. The inner model test shows that digital experience has a positive and significant effect on passenger loyalty (β = 0.192; T = 2.237; p = 0.025). Customer experience also has a positive and significant effect on passenger loyalty (β = 0.243; T = 3.268; p = 0.001). The coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.133 indicates that both variables explain 13.3% of the variance in passenger loyalty. The customer experience variable has a more dominant influence than digital experience on Progo Train passenger loyalty.

The phenomenon of infinite scrolling in digital media reflects a fundamental shift in how modern individuals experience spirituality in the digital era. The continuous flow of information creates new spaces for the search for meaning, including the human relationship with the Divine, while simultaneously introducing challenges in the form of constant distraction that disrupts deep reflection. This study aims to analyze how infinite scrolling contributes to a crisis of spiritual awareness and how digital technology functions as an ambivalent space between distraction and reflection. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach, using relevant academic literature and religious documents. The findings indicate that intensive digital engagement reduces opportunities for contemplation, weakens reflective capacity, and produces shallow and fragmented spiritual experiences. However, digital technology also provides broad access to spiritual resources that can be used constructively. This study concludes that the crisis of spiritual awareness in the digital era is influenced not only by individual factors but also by technological structures shaping human attention. Therefore, digital literacy that includes ethical and spiritual dimensions is essential to ensure technology supports the search for meaning.  

  Abstract.. The development of modernization in corn farming in Kalibareng Village, Patean District, Kendal Regency has the potential to cause the loss of traditional terms used by the farming community. This study aims to describe and analyze the lexicon of corn farming in Kalibareng Village, Patean District, Kendal Regency, and to reveal the lexical and contextual meaning contained therein. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with  field research and semantic studies as the main approach. Data were obtained through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of corn farmers in Kalibareng Village. The results show that there are 44 lexicons divided into three categories, namely cultivation processes, agricultural tools, and agricultural materials. The lexical meaning in the lexicon refers to the basic meaning according to its referent, while the contextual meaning is influenced by the situation of use in agricultural activities. The contextual meanings found include process context, time context, and function context. This study shows that the corn farming lexicon not only functions as a communication tool, but also represents local knowledge, culture, and farming experiences of the Kalibareng Village community that have been passed down from generation to generation.

This literature review analyzes the impact of data privacy issues on consumer usage intention in Indonesian e-commerce platforms. The study aims to map privacy threats and understand the phenomenon of the privacy paradox in the context of digital retail. Using a literature review method, this study synthesized findings from international journals published in the last five years from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The results show that excessive data collection, unauthorized secondary use, and data breaches significantly increase consumer privacy concerns. However, the research also confirms a privacy paradox, where consumers willingly share personal data to gain shopping convenience and promotions. The findings highlight that strong brand trust and a seamless user experience can effectively mitigate these privacy fears. Practically, this study recommends that e-commerce companies implement the Privacy by Design framework, utilize dynamic passwords (OTP), and provide transparent privacy settings as a competitive marketing advantage. Future research should explore specific regional demographics and the direct impact of new technologies like AI chatbots on consumer security perceptions.

Sufism as a spiritual approach has a great potential to prevent mental health problems among Generation Z students at UIN Walisongo Semarang. This is because Sufism focuses on inner balance, self-awareness, and strengthening spiritual values that can be a source of psychological resilience. This study aims to investigate how Sufism practices such as dhikr, self-reflection, and spiritual guidance can help prevent mental health problems, such as stress, anxiety, and loneliness among Generation Z students. The method used in this study is a qualitative study with a phenomenological design. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews with students, observations of religious activities on campus, and focus group discussions, then analyzed thematically. Interviews were conducted with three students: Wilda Ismatus Sarifah (Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training), Sinta Wahdatul Khusna (Faculty of Tarbiyah of Social and Political Sciences), and Umi Fathonah (Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training). The study found that regular Sufism practice guided by experienced individuals helped students feel more meaningful, more socially connected, and develop coping strategies. This was associated with reduced symptoms of stress and anxiety, as well as improved well-being. The study recommends integrating Sufism-based spiritual programs into campus counseling services and character development activities. It also recommends training spiritual mentors and fostering collaboration between student welfare units and religious institutions on campus to support the mental health of young people.

The study critically examines the Gospel of John as a theological text integrating the incarnate Logos and sacramental symbolism. Using a qualitative, library-based approach with historical-critical and hermeneutical analysis, it shows that John’s Gospel not only narrates Jesus’ life but constructs a symbolic, existential, and transformative theological reflection. The Logos shifts from a metaphysical principle to a personal reality in history through the incarnation, enabling a concrete encounter between God and humanity. Within this framework, symbols such as water and bread function as media of revelation guiding individuals toward a living, relational faith experience. Furthermore, sacramental symbolism in the Gospel of John is ontologically grounded in the incarnation of the Logos. Faith is thus understood not merely as intellectual assent but as participation in divine life that transforms human existence. The integration of Christological and sacramental dimensions indicates that faith is holistic, encompassing spiritual, material, and relational aspects. Thus, the Gospel of John presents a theological vision of faith as a concrete and dynamic existential encounter, relevant for contemporary theological reflection.

This study examines the implementation of a Figma-based UI/UX training program aimed at improving digital design literacy among students at Qotrun Nada Islamic Boarding School, Jakarta. The program was developed to address the limited digital competencies and practical design skills commonly found among santri in traditional Islamic educational environments. Using a project-based learning and mentoring approach, participants were introduced to fundamental concepts of User Interface (UI), User Experience (UX), and collaborative digital design using Figma. The activities included workshops, practical design exercises, mentoring sessions, and prototype development projects. The findings demonstrated significant improvements in students’ digital literacy, communication skills, teamwork, creativity, and confidence in using technology. Students successfully produced simple website prototypes that reflected basic usability and visual design principles. Furthermore, the integration of digital literacy training within the pesantren environment showed that technological skill development can be harmonized with Islamic educational values and community empowerment initiatives

Stroke is a neurological disorder caused by impaired blood flow to the brain, resulting in brain tissue damage and various functional impairments. One of the common problems experienced by stroke patients is sleep disturbance, which may be influenced by neurological deficits, limited physical mobility, pain, and post-stroke anxiety. Persistent sleep disturbances can delay the recovery process and reduce patients’ quality of life. The long-term use of sleeping medications may lead to adverse effects; therefore, safe and easily applicable complementary therapies are needed. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of peppermint oil aromatherapy in improving sleep quality among stroke patients in the working area of Barebbo Community Health Center, Bone Regency. The method used was the implementation of complementary therapy through the administration of peppermint oil aromatherapy to stroke patients experiencing sleep disturbances. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before and after the intervention. The assessment results showed that before the intervention, patients experienced poor sleep quality, characterized by difficulty initiating sleep, frequent nighttime awakenings, insufficient sleep duration, and daytime fatigue. After receiving peppermint oil aromatherapy, patients demonstrated increased comfort, reduced anxiety, improved ability to initiate sleep, and better overall sleep quality compared to their condition before the intervention. Therefore, peppermint oil aromatherapy was found to be effective in improving sleep quality among stroke patients and can be used as a complementary non-pharmacological intervention in nursing care.

Based on the current existing conditions, Perumnas IV frequently experiences challenges in both the maintenance of its facilities and infrastructure and the perception of its residents. This study aims to: 1) Determine the morphology and typology of the Perumnas IV Padang Bulan area, 2) Determine the level of feasibility of the infrastructure based on SNI 03-1733-2004, and 3) Determine public perception of the infrastructure based on existing conditions and research analysis results. The research method used by the author in this study is a mixed method using an Explanatory Sequential Design approach and a comparative approach. The difference in feasibility percentages between SNI and public perceptions explains that residents have become accustomed to living with the existing facilities and infrastructure, so that the suitability between existing conditions and applicable technical requirements is not a problem in daily life.

Joint pain is one of the most common health problems among older adults and may reduce mobility and quality of life. Community self-survey data in Cepoko Village indicated that 55% of residents, particularly older adults, experienced joint pain complaints. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be applied is warm lemongrass foot soaking therapy known as SEHATI (Serai Hangat untuk Kaki). This community service activity aimed to improve elderly knowledge regarding self-management of joint pain and demonstrate warm lemongrass foot soaking therapy as a complementary treatment. The methods included health education, demonstration of warm lemongrass preparation, direct practice by participants, and evaluation through discussion and question-answer sessions. The participants were elderly individuals experiencing joint pain in Cepoko Village, Panekan District, Magetan Regency. The results showed that participants actively engaged in all activities, were able to explain the preparation steps of SEHATI, and understood the benefits of warm lemongrass foot soaking therapy for reducing joint pain. This program provides an easy, affordable, safe, and home-based complementary therapy alternative for elderly people.