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Roads play a crucial role in economic development, especially for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). In North Sumatra, the rapid development of toll roads has significantly impacted the accessibility and efficiency of goods and services distribution. This study aims to analyze the influence of toll road development on the growth of MSMEs in the region. Utilizing statistical data and case studies, this research demonstrates that infrastructure improvements contribute to local economic growth and enhance the competitiveness of MSMEs.

This study analyzes e-commerce platform preferences for digital marketing strategies among Generation Z students at the Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Semarang using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. By evaluating four platforms (Tokopedia, Lazada, Shopee, TikTok) based on ease of use (25%), user experience (25%), promotions (15%), transaction security (15%), and product completeness (15%), the results show that Shopee leads (0.9333) with the best interface and features. TikTok (0.9080) excels in promotions but lacks security, Tokopedia (0.8820) remains consistent, while Lazada (0.8084) needs UX improvements. The implications suggest that platforms should optimize mobile interfaces, collaborate with influencers, and enhance visual search features to meet Gen Z’s demand for interactive experiences and economic value..

Rowosari Village is one of the villages located in the Tembalang District of Semarang, which has abundant and diverse Natural Resources (SDA) from various sectors. Through Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), the processing of natural resources contributes to economic growth and job creation. In addition, MSMEs also play an important role in driving economic activity through digital transformation. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide skills and additional knowledge needed by MSME actors. The methods used include mentoring and training in natural resource management, utilizing existing natural resource potential such as eggshells and onion skins. Furthermore, training in improving online product marketing was conducted. The result of this service activity is the enhancement of community capabilities by utilizing natural resources to boost MSME economies through digital transformation to expand market areas via online media.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of leadership supervision in efforts to improve the performance quality of Civil Servants (PNS) in the Economic Affairs Section at the Regional Secretariat of Langkat Regency. The research findings indicate that the effectiveness of supervision greatly depends on clear objectives, performance indicators, periodic evaluations, and open communication between leaders and staff. Although there are challenges such as ineffective communication and imbalanced workloads, proposed solutions include improving communication and utilizing technology to enhance supervision and employee performance. Optimal supervision has been shown to play a key role in improving PNS performance, with an emphasis on monitoring, evaluation, and skill development. Despite challenges like limited resources and ineffective communication, solutions such as training, open communication, and technology can improve supervision efficiency. Most PNS show a positive attitude towards management and supervision, although there is still room for improvement in communication and skill development. Going forward, it is expected that supervision will become more structured, technology-based, and communicative to support the achievement of organizational goals more efficiently and enhance public service quality.

Pakistan is a developing country. Its transportation infrastructure mainly consists of road network. About 95% passengers and fright is transported using the road network. This high demand on road network is because of the unreliable railway system between the cities. Due to such high demand on road network the accident involvement risk of an individual is much high as compared to developed countries. This study uses a new modeling approach to estimate road safety risk for WTP.  A correlated random parameters Tobit model (heterogeneity-in-mean) is integrated with machine learning (Decision tree).  The decision tree categorizes higher-order interactions, while the model captures unobserved correlations and heterogeneity. The framework examines WTP determinants using a representative sample of 3178 road users from Pakistan. The model estimates WTP for different (fatal and severe injury) risk reductions to monetize road traffic crash costs. Results show maximum respondents are willing to support safety improvement policies. The model reveals significant WTP heterogeneity linked to perceptions of road safety and accident risk. Systematic preference heterogeneity emerges through higher-order interactions, offering insights into WTP relationships. Marginal effects highlight varying sensitivities to explanatory variables, quantifying their impact on WTP probability and magnitude. The framework provides two key contributions. It identifies public WTP determinants, emphasizing heterogeneous effects. It also helps in prioritization safety policies by understanding public sensitivity to WTP. The insights further emphasizing on the importance of road safety interventions to the specific socio-economic profiles of road users. This study offers a significant contribution to road safety improvement by providing valuable recommendations for policy makers. By integrating detailed socio-economic factors, it also addresses the urgent need for targeted traffic safety interventions in Pakistan. These findings are expected to aid policymakers and stakeholders in developing effective strategies to enhance road safety and reduce the accident involvement risk effectively.

This study aims to analyze the development strategies of business units at Pondok Pesantren Manbaul Ulum Muncar Banyuwangi in realizing the economic independence of the pesantren. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, using data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques, and data validity was strengthened through source and method triangulation. The findings reveal that the management strategies implemented include careful planning, systematic organizing, effective leadership, and directed controlling. The implementation of these strategies has successfully positioned the business units as productive economic centers that not only contribute financially to the sustainability of the pesantren’s operations but also serve as educational platforms for students to gain economic and entrepreneurial skills. Positive impacts can be seen through the increased welfare of students and administrators, as well as strengthened economic capacity within the surrounding community. However, challenges remain in the form of limited human resources, financial capital, and internal bureaucratic structures that require continuous improvement. In conclusion, professional management of business units becomes a key factor in building independent and competitive pesantren in the modern era.

The issue of nazir waqf, which is still traditional-consumptive due to lack of knowledge about waqf and poor human resources, is one of the obstacles in the implementation of waqf legislation. The problem of naziran will be discussed in this article, along with its definition, tupoksi, professional nazir standards, challenges, and solutions. The findings of this study lead to the conclusion that morality, management, and business, along with other additional information and insights, are necessary for professional nazirs. Professional Nazirs also need to have human skills, technical abilities, and interpersonal skills. Other challenges include expertise, coaching, recruitment, incentives, competencies, and supervision. In addition, the paradigm shift and the existence of Nazir are some of the solutions that can be applied, such as associations, the establishment of Nazir schools, and the improvement of Nazir welfare. The guidance and supervision of Nazir Waqf is carried out by the Minister and the Indonesian Waqf Board, with the aim of improving professionalism and ethics in the management of waqf. Improving the quality of professional nazir is expected to have an impact on increasing the productivity of waqf assets, increasing public trust, and making a real contribution to economic and social development.

Limau Manis Village, Tanjung Morawa District, requires infrastructure development strategies to boost its economy. This research aims to identify effective strategies for enhancing village infrastructure and promoting economic growth. The findings indicate that infrastructure improvements, such as road construction, irrigation systems, and public facilities, can increase economic activity and community welfare. Therefore, effective infrastructure planning and management are essential for promoting economic development in Limau Manis Village.  

The purpose of this activity is to encourage increased household management skills in household waste processing in Kaliprau Village, Ulujami District, Pemalang Regency. The objectives are: 1) Increasing community/household knowledge about management, especially household/home waste processing; 2) Developing home business skills in household waste processing so that it grows into one of the drivers (centers) of family economic movement. The results of this activity: 1) Increasing knowledge, understanding and skills for household industry groups, especially in the utilization of household waste and making compost with household waste as raw materials; 2) Identified problems and potentials that can be developed to support the development of home businesses through entrepreneurship groups; 3) Identified plans (strategies) for increasing the capacity of entrepreneurship groups that will help develop, plan and utilize local potential management.

Cooperatives have a strategic role in supporting the local economy and improving community welfare. However, many cooperatives face challenges in managerial and leadership aspects that hinder their competitiveness. This article discusses the results of community service programs aimed at improving managerial capacity and leadership at the Prosperous Citizen Development Cooperative in Pamekasan. The approach used includes training, mentoring, and hands-on mentoring, with a focus on strengthening strategic planning, operational management, and innovative leadership skills. The target of the program is cooperative administrators and key members who have a strategic role in the organization. The results showed significant improvements in managerial skills, leadership mindsets, and member involvement in strategic decision-making. This program also has an impact on more professional cooperative management, increased competitiveness, and strengthening the cooperative's external network. However, the evaluation of the program identified several obstacles, such as participants' time constraints, low levels of digital literacy, and resistance to change. To overcome this obstacle, it is recommended that there be more focused continuous training, flexibility in implementation time, and collaboration with external parties such as the government and educational institutions. This article emphasizes the importance of strengthening the capacity of human resources to support the transformation of cooperatives into competitive economic entities. This approach not only provides internal benefits for cooperatives, but also contributes to the development of the local economy in a sustainable manner. Thus, this service model can be a reference for the development of cooperatives in other regions.

Cooperatives have a strategic role in supporting the local economy and improving community welfare. However, many cooperatives face challenges in managerial and leadership aspects that hinder their competitiveness. This article discusses the results of community service programs aimed at improving managerial capacity and leadership at the Prosperous Citizen Development Cooperative in Pamekasan. The approach used includes training, mentoring, and hands-on mentoring, with a focus on strengthening strategic planning, operational management, and innovative leadership skills. The target of the program is cooperative administrators and key members who have a strategic role in the organization. The results showed significant improvements in managerial skills, leadership mindsets, and member involvement in strategic decision-making. This program also has an impact on more professional cooperative management, increased competitiveness, and strengthening the cooperative's external network. However, the evaluation of the program identified several obstacles, such as participants' time constraints, low levels of digital literacy, and resistance to change. To overcome this obstacle, it is recommended that there be more focused continuous training, flexibility in implementation time, and collaboration with external parties such as the government and educational institutions. This article emphasizes the importance of strengthening the capacity of human resources to support the transformation of cooperatives into competitive economic entities. This approach not only provides internal benefits for cooperatives, but also contributes to the development of the local economy in a sustainable manner. Thus, this service model can be a reference for the development of cooperatives in other regions.

This community service program aims to enhance the productivity of students (santri) at Padepokan Siti Dhumillah, Bogor, by leveraging agribusiness and business education approaches. Utilizing local agricultural produce such as chili peppers and tomatoes, the program fosters value-added product innovation through the production of sambal under the brand "Nyambel Neh." It is designed to integrate education on technology, online marketing, and business operations, enabling students to acquire not only technical skills but also a comprehensive understanding of agribusiness opportunities. The implementation method involves dividing tasks into specific divisions, including equipment, production, and marketing, supported by mentors providing direct education. Program stages include business and technology education, transforming raw materials into market-ready products, and marketing these products through both online and offline platforms. Outcomes from the program include the creation of three modernly packaged sambal variants, the development of visionary and creative student personalities, and the increased economic sustainability potential of the Padepokan through business diversification. This program aspires to become a model for student empowerment, focusing not only on economic benefits but also on building human resource capacity to compete in the future. By optimizing technology and adopting practice-based learning, students are expected to independently create new business opportunities centered around agribusiness.

Economic improvement is improving the economic level or condition of society to improve the standard of living through the use of energy, time and valuable goods. The community's efforts to fulfill their daily needs are in the form of clothing, food and shelter. This service uses a descriptive qualitative approach. From the results of research activities carried out in Marjandi Pematang Village, Gunung Meriah, it can be concluded that efforts to improve the village economy through duck egg production have quite large potential..

The population density in Surabaya City makes the needs of the community, one of which is transportation, high. Transportation has an important role in meeting the needs of the community in everyday life in the economic, socio-cultural and political fields. Unfortunately, this has led to traffic congestion. Thus, Surabaya City is trying to improve the public transportation system by launching environmentally friendly public transportation as an effort to implement a green economy, namely Suroboyo Bus. This research uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. Information was obtained from various institutional reports, scientific articles, websites, books, and related regulations. The focus of data acquisition sources is credible journal publishers. The results showed that congestion in Surabaya City was reduced due to the enthusiasm of the community to switch to public transportation compared to private vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the Suroboyo Bus payment innovation by exchanging plastic bottles has succeeded in attracting the interest and awareness of some people in Surabaya City to manage plastic bottle waste, although there are still other complaints in the implementation of the policy. The role of Suroboyo Bus as an effort to improve the green economy can be said to be quite successful, but improvements still need to be made and the involvement of the government and the community so that Suroboyo Bus continues to be an environmentally friendly sustainable transportation.

Foreign debt (ULN) is one of the important issues in the dynamics of the global economy, especially for developing countries. This study aims to analyze the causal factors, conditions of ULN in Indonesia, and its impact on the economy. Qualitative research methods with a literature approach were used to collect data from various written sources. The results of the study indicate that the factors causing ULN in Indonesia include the inability to provide sufficient development funds, an imbalance between investment and savings, and dependence on imported goods. The impact of ULN on the Indonesian economy is divided into positive and negative impacts. The positive impacts include effective sources of development financing, recognition of the country's ability to pay off debt, the establishment of relations between countries, and encouragement of domestic policy improvements. The negative impacts include the burden on the APBN, reduction in spending strategies, the influence of creditor countries in policy making, and the stigma of being a failed state. The study concludes that ULN in Indonesia needs to be managed wisely by considering long-term risks. Some recommended solutions include delaying principal debt payments, changing payment obligations, and reducing principal debt. This study provides important information for policy stakeholders and the Indonesian public in understanding the importance of wise ULN management to encourage sustainable economic growth and improve people's welfare.

By measuring the village development index, this study aims to determine how accounting and information systems affect village development. The village development index comprises of three measurements, specifically the social, financial  and environmental resilience index. Utilizing quantitative strategies and cross-sectional data from 1,842 towns in Central Sulawesi territory in 2021. The study's conclusions demonstrate that while the information system significantly influences village development, the accounting system has no impact on village development. These findings show that the use of information and communication innovation has an impact on village improvement. This disclosure found that cell phones have an impact on village development including social, financial and environmental and internet signals have an influence on village development including economic and social but not the environment.  

The village of Blendung, located in the Ulujami sub-district, Pemalang Regency, faces various social and economic challenges, including high unemployment rates and declining incomes due to limited job access and the impact of tidal flooding. One of the efforts to increase community income is through training in making presto milkfish, aimed at empowering Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the fish processing sector. This training is designed to enhance community skills in diversifying milkfish-based products, such as boneless milkfish, fish cakes, and smoked milkfish, as well as introducing digital marketing strategies to expand the market.The methods used include a participatory approach in processing and packaging technology training, as well as social media-based marketing education. The results of the training showed an improvement in the skills and understanding of participants regarding the production and marketing processes of value-added products. This program also contributes to the growth of local MSMEs, which have significant potential in supporting the regional economy.

Zakat, infaq, and alms are forms of charity that are part of the worship of Muslims, especially infaq is seen as an important tool to increase social solidarity and create economic justice. This study aims to identify and analyze the role of infaq in strengthening the community's economy from the study of the Qur'an and Hadith. The method used in this study is library research, using a qualitative approach. The data sources used are the Qur'an, Hadiths, books and journals related to the theme for the validity of the data presented. The results of the study show that based on a cross-disciplinary study involving the perspective of the Qur'an, Hadith, and economics, infaq that is carried out voluntarily without coercion has a positive impact on economic growth, both at the individual level and at the macro social level.

This program aims to increase the income of MSME housewives through innovation and modification of donut topping products. This program is designed to empower housewives with new skills in making and marketing more interesting and varied donuts. Through training and mentoring, it is hoped that housewives can improve the quality of their products, attract more customers, and ultimately increase family income. The method used to develop the Skills Training Program is the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. This approach involves the active participation of SME owners, namely housewives, as program stakeholders. Data collection techniques include interviews, surveys and observations, while the data collected will be analyzed qualitatively by coding data and compiling narratives to identify relevant problems and solutions. The result of this work, namely the UKM skills improvement program for housewives, is a comprehensive initiative that involves the active participation of UKM owners and stakeholders. This includes technical, managerial, financial and financial literacy training to increase production and competitiveness of SMEs. The program also covers aspects such as information technology, social skills, environmental sustainability and collaboration to empower SMEs as a whole. With this holistic approach, it is hoped that SMEs can develop and contribute to local economic growth and have wider market opportunities, especially for housewives in general.

Coffee is an important commodity in Indonesia with high economic value. In Ulu Belu District, coffee distribution through long channels causes high distribution costs, so supply chain management (SCM) is needed to improve efficiency. This study aims to measure the cost efficiency and effectiveness of coffee distribution using qualitative descriptive analysis method. The results showed that coffee marketing efficiency in Channel I amounted to 11.98%, and Channel II amounted to 11.92%, both classified as efficient. Delivery accuracy was also high, with Channel I reaching 98.89%, while Channel II was 85.83%. Channel II is more cost-effective despite Channel I being more effective in delivery. Cost-efficiency is important because coffee is a perishable product, and weather-related delays are rare. Channel I, which involves many members, increases distribution costs, so Channel II is recommended for optimal efficiency. It is suggested that improvements to transportation infrastructure, road access, and storage facilities at trader locations can increase distribution efficiency, maintain coffee quality, and reduce losses.