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This study aims to overhaul the conventional understanding of tourism through a missiological lens, by positioning social interactions at the Parbubu Tarutung Soda Water Tourism Object as the locus of Missio Dei (God's Mission) manifestation. Amidst the tendency of modern humans to be trapped in egocentrism, alienation, and minimal openness due to secular routines, God is present with a mission to transform human relations. Using a qualitative descriptive-theological method, this study analyzes three axes of social interaction (inter-tourists, tourists-managers, and tourists-local communities). The results of field research indicate that although the pattern of interaction between visitors is still minimalist and egocentric-group due to a purely physical recreation orientation, there is a strong spiritual modality in the service aspect (hospitality) of the managers that reflects the restoration of the image of God (Imago Dei). The absence of social conflict and the presence of sincere hospitality are identified not merely as business strategies, but as real implications of the work of the Holy Spirit who precedes the church (prevenient grace) in destroying human egoism. This study concludes that tourism can be an eschatological means by which social interactions are transformed into encounters that bring about God's Shalom, meaning that tourism can be a way to bring about God's peace through authentic encounters between tourists, rather than simply ordinary tourist transactions. The author recommends the reconstruction of public spaces in this destination as inclusive communal spaces that facilitate reconciliation and social transformation.

This study aims to analyze the need for redesigning the visual identity of PHD (Peternakan Hijau Daun) Nusantara as an effort to strengthen the brand image as an arts and culture-based educational tourism destination. The problems underlying this research are the inconsistent visual identity, the lack of representation of the brand's character, and the low level of audience recognition of PHD Nusantara. The research methods used include observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of the analysis indicate several main factors that form the basis for the need for redesign, namely the inconsistency of visual elements, the weak strength and readability of the logo, the inconsistency of the visual identity with the character of the destination, and the suboptimal visual experience of the audience at various interaction points. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the development of a more consistent, communicative, and characteristic visual identity is needed as a basis for the redesign process. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in redesigning a visual identity that can strengthen the image of PHD Nusantara and increase its appeal to the audience.

The development of digital technology affects tourism promotion strategies. Promotion of cultural tourism in remote areas. The Tarung Traditional Village (KA) is one of the trains located in West Sumba district that has cultural heritage and historical value but still cannot be promoted properly due to the lack of digital media. Therefore, the researcher created a website as a medium for promoting cultural tourism destinations for Tangung Train. The system development method applied is the waterfall model with phases of needs analysis, system design, implementation, and testing. Information collections are carried out through literature studies, observations with traditional and community managers, and direct interviews. The process of developing this system must be able to meet the community's information needs related to the profile of customary areas, customary houses, customary ceremonies, photo galleries and tour guides of the Tarong Train. The result of this research is to get promotional media for the Tarung Train in the form of an informative site about the potential of the Tarung Train containing train profiles, traditional houses, traditional ceremonies, photo galleries, and tourist guides. As well as promotion in the form of a website that is able to increase access to information from the general public and also introduce cultural image.

This study aims to analyze the role of public relations as a key pillar in building reputation and enhancing the credibility of nature-based tourism in Jombang. The research focuses on the communication strategies employed by public relations officers in delivering information, managing public interactions, and utilizing digital media as the primary tool for strengthening destination image. The research method used is a case study with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with six informants, including public relations staff, tourism managers, representatives from the tourism department, local community members, and visitors.The findings show that public relations plays a vital role in reputation building through four main dimensions: message consistency, communication transparency, collaboration with communities and stakeholders, and the optimization of digital media. Field findings reveal that consistent use of social media strengthens tourists’ trust, while local community involvement adds authenticity to the destination’s image. Moreover, public relations also functions as a crisis communication manager by providing fast and accurate information during operational disruptions. In conclusion, the reputation of nature tourism in Jombang is not solely determined by natural beauty but also by the quality of communication managed by public relations. The optimization of digital and collaborative communication has become a key strategy to maintain the credibility and attractiveness of the destination amid increasingly competitive tourism dynamics.

Digital transformation has transformed the tourism promotion landscape through social media, travel marketplaces, and user-experience-based content. Visual, interactive, and rapidly disseminating digital information shapes destination images and influences traveler decisions. However, the lack of digital promotion standards allows for misleading promotional practices, visual manipulation, false testimonials, and exaggerated claims that have the potential to harm tourism consumers. This study aims to analyze the synchronization between the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) and the Tourism Law in overseeing digital tourism promotion. This study uses a normative juridical method with a legislative approach and a literature review of academic documents and related news. The research findings show that while both laws share the same goal of ensuring accurate and non-misleading information, neither provides specific technical standards for digital promotion. The ITE Law is general and does not specifically regulate tourism promotion, while the Tourism Law was drafted before social media became a primary tool for destination marketing. This has resulted in regulatory gaps and fragmented authority between the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, BPKN, and BPSK. This research recommends the establishment of derivative regulations related to digital promotion, ethical content standards, advertising transparency, and an integrated cross-agency oversight mechanism to protect tourism consumers in the digital space.

Urban mobility in Surabaya faces serious challenges due to the high ownership of private vehicles and the low use of public transportation. The Surabaya City Government launched Suroboyo Bus Electric in November 2024 as a sustainable transportation innovation on the Purabaya–ITS route. This study aims to analyze commuter preferences for the Suroboyo Bus Electric mode over private vehicles, by emphasizing functional factors (cost, travel time, comfort) and symbolic factors (status, identity, modern image). The research method used a quantitative descriptive approach with 400 respondents, primary data was obtained through questionnaires, while secondary data came from government documents and literature. The analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression. The results showed that the majority of respondents chose Suroboyo Bus Electric as the main mode (62%), with the dominance of young, middle-income users, and mostly women. Most of the respondents have one unit of private vehicle, but still use electric buses as a mode of complementing mobility. Travel destinations are dominated by social, economic, and educational activities, with an average travel time of 16–30 minutes. In terms of cost, more than half of the respondents spent Rp 5,000-Rp 10,000 per trip, indicating the affordability of fares. Symbolic factors also play an important role, where Suroboyo Bus Electric is perceived as a modern, clean, and sustainable city identity.

This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 20 empirical and conceptual articles published between 2020 and 2025 to examine the influence of city branding on tourism interest and consumer behavior, with a particular focus on the city of Balikpapan. The synthesis reveals that city branding significantly shapes tourist perceptions through key elements such as destination image, brand identity, brand personality, and digital communication. Destination image consistently emerges as the primary mediator linking city branding to visit intention, while experiential and emotional branding further strengthen tourists’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. The findings also highlight the growing importance of digital media and e-WOM in amplifying city branding strategies, especially in the post-pandemic tourism landscape. Despite strong branding potential rooted in cleanliness, safety, and Balikpapan’s strategic role as a supporting city for the new capital (IKN), gaps remain in digital branding, differentiation, and identity storytelling. The review emphasizes the need for more integrated, innovative, and data-driven branding approaches to enhance the city’s competitiveness and attract greater tourism engagement.

The development of sustainable tourism facilities is one of the important efforts in increasing the attractiveness of destinations while preserving the environment. This study aims to analyze the implementation of ecological concepts in the development of glamping facilities in the Pearl Beach tourist area. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection through field observations, interviews with managers and tourists, and literature studies related to ecotourism principles and sustainable design. The results of the study show that the application of ecological concepts in glamping facilities in Mutiara Beach includes the use of environmentally friendly materials, integrated waste management, the application of energy efficiency, and designs that integrate the natural landscape without damaging the coastal ecosystem. The application of this concept not only improves the comfort and experience of tourists, but also contributes to increasing environmental awareness and strengthening the positive image of tourist destinations. In addition, this ecologically-conceptual glamping development model is expected to be a reference for the development of sustainable tourism facilities in other coastal areas, which prioritizes nature preservation and the welfare of local communities.

This study aims to determine the role of the Tourism Office in promoting Letvuan Paradise Tourism Village and what obstacles are faced by the Tourism Office of Southeast Maluku Regency in carrying out promotions in Letvuan Paradise Tourism Village, Southeast Maluku Regency. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that the Southeast Maluku Regency Tourism Office plays a significant role in promoting the Letvuan Paradise Tourism Village through facilitation, mentoring, and collaboration with various parties. Promotion is carried out through official social media, annual events, and efforts to include Letvuan Paradise in the National Event Calendar (CEN). Promotion in the tourism sector is a means of communication to introduce a tourist destination and build a positive image, thereby increasing the number of visitors and providing economic benefits to the surrounding community. In addition to Hawang Cave, promotion also highlights local potential such as arabusta coffee, Japanese bunkers, and community culture. The Tourism Office also supports Pokdarwis and MSMEs through training and involvement in various activities. This encourages community and village government participation in tourism promotion. Obstacles faced include limited infrastructure, budget, and the use of digital technology. Overall, the Tourism Office plays a significant role in building the image of Letvuan Paradise, but sustainable development still requires infrastructure improvements, consistent promotion, and community independence.

The culture produced in the cultural industry has shifted from merely possessing artistic value to prioritizing economic value. One strategic element that can be utilized to support the development of the cultural industry is the organization of events. Event management plays a strategic role in the cultural industry, ensuring the successful transformation of cultural ideas into real experiences that have economic value while strengthening social meaning. Cultural events often serve as platforms to showcase local cultural heritage, traditions, and creativity to a wider audience, both domestically and internationally. This study examines the influence of the event on enhancing perceptions of the cultural sector using a quantitative methodology. The sample used in this study was 70 respondents. Data collection was carried out by asking respondents to complete a questionnaire relating to their experience attending the cultural event and their assessment of the image as a cultural tourism destination. SPSS was used to examine the information collected from the questionnaire. The results show that the Event variable has a significant influence on the Cognitive Image (CK), Affective Image (CA), and Overall Image (CO) of the destination. The t-test shows that the relationship between Event and the three image dimensions has a p-value <0.05, which indicates a strong and significant influence. Events designed with informative, emotional, and interactive aspects in mind will significantly contribute to the formation of the overall image. In a practical context, the implication is that event organizers need to ensure the quality of the holistic experience to continuously strengthen the overall image.

This systematic literature review explores the application of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model in understanding tourist behavior, focusing on empirical studies from 2019 to 2025. The tourism industry, a key economic driver globally, necessitates a deep understanding of tourist behavior to develop effective marketing strategies and enhance the tourist experience. The SOR model, which examines the impact of external stimuli on tourists' psychological and emotional responses, offers a comprehensive framework for analyzing tourist behavior. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies to highlight how external stimuli such as destination image, social media marketing, and sensory experiences affect tourists' perceptions, motivations, and behaviors, influencing their loyalty and intention to revisit destinations. It also discusses the role of internal factors, including satisfaction, trust, and tourist engagement, in mediating the response to external stimuli. The findings suggest that understanding these dynamics can help destination managers and tourism marketers design more targeted and sustainable marketing strategies. The review also identifies gaps in the current literature and provides recommendations for future research, particularly in the integration of digital technologies and the increasing importance of sustainability in tourism behavior.

Tourism development plays a vital role in attracting visitors, while destination branding contributes to shaping a positive image and a strong identity for the destination. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving the hotel owner, manager, and staff. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of tourism development and destination branding on the occupancy rate at Raja Hotel Samosir Parbaba. The findings reveal that tourism development around Parbaba White Sand Beach has positively contributed to increasing hotel occupancy, particularly through infrastructure improvements and enhancement of local attractions. Meanwhile, the hotel's branding strategies—highlighting Batak local culture, digital promotion, and local wisdom-based guest experiences—have successfully created a unique appeal for tourists. The synergy between tourism development and branding has proven effective in boosting occupancy rates, especially during holiday seasons and local events. This study concludes that integrated tourism development and destination branding not only increase the number of visitors but also strengthen the hotel's position in the tourism industry. Therefore, sustainable tourism development and appropriate branding strategies are essential for enhancing the competitiveness of hotels and the broader hospitality sector in tourist destinations.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the establishment of the Menara Pandang tourist attraction and the increase in the number of tourist visits to the Salib Kasih tourist destination. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation with several informants, namely the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of Salib Kasih and Menara Pandang, the Tourism Office of North Tapanuli, tourism workers, local business actors, and visiting tourists. The results of the study show that the establishment of Menara Pandang has a significant relationship with the increase in tourist visits to Salib Kasih. This relationship can be seen from the growth in the number of tourists coming after the development of the new facility, namely Menara Pandang. Supporting factors of this relationship include the proximity of the two tourist sites, the development of integrated tour packages, active promotion through social media, and support from the local government in providing facilities and infrastructure. With this integration, tourists who previously only visited Salib Kasih are now encouraged to also enjoy the attraction of Menara Pandang, thus extending their length of stay and giving a positive impact on the local economy. Furthermore, this study also found that the existence of Menara Pandang strengthens the image of Salib Kasih as a religious tourism destination as well as natural tourism with its unique features and attractions. Therefore, the development of additional strategic tourist attractions can be an effective step in increasing both attractiveness and the number of tourist visits, especially in religious and nature-based destinations. This research emphasizes the importance of collaboration among stakeholders in sustainable tourism development.

The importance of educational tourism in Indonesia and Bali lies in its ability to combine education with tourism experiences, empower local communities, and support cultural and environmental preservation. With the right approach, educational tourism can become one of the main pillars in the development of sustainable tourism in Indonesia. The development of educational tourism in Indonesia and Bali not only provides educational benefits for visitors but also supports local economic growth and cultural preservation. With the proper approach, educational tourism can serve as an essential pillar in the development of sustainable and inclusive tourism. This study aims to design an innovative social media content strategy to increase the visibility of culture- and agriculture-based educational tourism at TeBA Majalangu, Kesiman, Bali. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, conducted through field observations, in-depth interviews, and social media content analysis. The results show that TeBA Majalangu’s social media is currently managed incidentally, lacking consistency in posting frequency and without a strong narrative structure. Based on these findings, the author developed an innovative social media model consisting of five main content categories: educational storytelling, interactive videos, visual education, user-generated content, and interactive content. As a form of implementation, prototypes were also created, including storyboard reels, educational carousel posts, interactive polls, Instagram feed mockups, and a one-month content calendar. This strategy is expected to serve as a reference for managers in strengthening TeBA Majalangu’s digital image as an educational tourism destination based on local wisdom that is relevant, inspiring, and sustainable. In today’s digital era, social media offers great opportunities to maximize the promotion of educational tourism, strengthen direct interaction with potential visitors, and disseminate information. With the right innovations in social media strategy, TeBA Majalangu is expected to increase the number of visitors and contribute more significantly to empowering local communities.

Kampuang Minang Nagari Sumpur Tourism Village in South Batipuh District, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra, is a cultural and natural tourism destination with the uniqueness of the gadang house that still functions as a residence, preserved Minangkabau traditions, and natural beauty such as Lake Singkarak. However, there is a gap between the expectations and reality of the tourist experience that visitors feel. This shows that even though the potential and attraction of tourism is huge, there are still weaknesses in destination management that can affect visitor perception and satisfaction. In addition, until now there have not been many studies that specifically examine the perception and experience of tourists in Kampuang Minang Nagari Tourism Village in Sumpur, even though visitor perception greatly determines the image, loyalty, and sustainability of tourist destinations. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of observations, questionnaires, and interviews with visitors. The data analysis technique uses a descriptive quantitative approach with the one score one indicator method based on the Likert Scale to identify visitors' perceptions of aspects of accessibility, facilities, tourist attractions, services, environmental conservation, and personal satisfaction and experience during travel. The results of the research are expected to provide a comprehensive overview as the basis for developing an effective and sustainable tourism village management strategy.

The phenomenon of TikTok content aesthetics has emerged as a new strategy in tourism promotion, including in Labuan Bajo. However, not all content produced has appealing aesthetic quality. Many videos still appear monotonous, lack creativity, or fail to highlight local uniqueness. As a result, some content falls short in building a strong destination image and instead gets lost in the increasingly saturated digital content competition. This research aims to examine in depth how the aesthetics of TikTok content contribute to increasing tourist interest in visiting Labuan Bajo, one of Indonesia’s super-priority destinations. Labuan Bajo was chosen as a case study not only because of its world-class tourism appeal but also because it is currently being actively promoted through digital branding strategies. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through TikTok content observation, in-depth interviews with content creators and local tourism stakeholders, as well as literature analysis on smart tourism and destination branding. This approach was selected to uncover the underlying meaning behind aesthetic content strategies while also highlighting the challenges faced in their implementation. The findings reveal that the aesthetics of TikTok content play a significant role in building a positive image of Labuan Bajo, enhancing its visual appeal, and creating emotional connections between prospective tourists and the destination. Nevertheless, the research also identifies challenges such as limited digital literacy, uneven content quality, and the risk of narrative homogenization that may reduce local uniqueness. Based on these findings, the study recommends the development of destination branding strategies that are more adaptive to social media trends, including the creation of aesthetic guidelines rooted in local culture, digital literacy training for tourism stakeholders, and close collaboration between government, industry, and content creators. Through these efforts, Labuan Bajo has the potential to strengthen its position as a leading world-class destination.

In late August 2025, Indonesia was rocked by nationwide political demonstrations, triggered by the death of a delivery driver at the hands of police. These protests turned violent, leading to multiple casualties, injuries, and arson attacks on government and commercial buildings. This unrest has raised international concerns regarding the country’s safety image. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze secondary sources, such as news media, government releases, and academic literature, to explore how hosting the 2025 MotoGP at the Mandalika Circuit could be used as a nation-branding strategy to counter negative perceptions. The study draws on nation branding theory, destination image concepts, event leveraging, and Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). Findings suggest that Indonesian authorities are actively promoting MotoGP Mandalika 2025 as an opportunity to demonstrate the country’s resilience and safety standards. We analyze two scenarios: one in which the event is canceled and one where it is successfully executed. The paper argues that canceling the event, unless due to a legitimate health crisis, would signal weakness and harm the country's image, while proceeding with it would reflect confidence and effective crisis management. As a "brand shield," the MotoGP event is being leveraged to reinforce the narrative of Indonesia as a stable and safe international sports host, demonstrating the country's ability to manage crises while showcasing its commitment to safety and resilience.

As one of the oldest heritage tourism sites in Indonesia, KBS (Kebun Binatang Surabaya) faces challenges in sustaining its relevance and competing with other modern tourism offerings. The sustainability of KBS is largely influenced by the image communication strategies used to market the zoo and attract family tourists. This study aims to assess the communication strategies along with social media promotion, as well as the tourists’ experience regarding their visit. The data collection technique was field observation, digital documentation analysis, and interviews using a semi-structured format which was analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Research findings indicate that KBS has social media and stakeholder collaboration as main promo media and, education as the fundamental pull factor. Moreover, despite its strengths, KBS suffers from gaps in destination branding and lack of innovation in digital on-site experience. A competitive repositioning by building a unique identifiable brand through, integrated and comprehensive communication strategies was proposed for the use of KBS as a family-friendly competitive educational tourism site.

Indonesian tourism makes a significant contribution to the Indonesian economy, thus having a positive impact on the growth of the tourism industry. This research aims to analyze the influence of social media, service quality and memorable tourist experiences on return visit intentions. Quantitative method with cross-sectional survey method used in this research, as many as 110 respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique based on certain criteria consisting of tourists aged 17-40 years, domiciled in Jakarta, and had visited the National Monument and National Museum in the last six months. Although previous research reveals the mediating role of memorable tourism experiences on return visit intentions, not many have examined the influence of social media and service quality together. The results show that social media has a significant influence on return visit intentions. Service quality also has a significant influence on return visit intentions. Memorable tourism experiences also have a significant influence on tourists' return visit intentions. This research can also be expanded by adding other variables that can influence tourists' revisit intentions, such as motivation, price, or destination image. In addition, further research could consider the mediating role of other variables, for example tourist satisfaction as a mediator between memorable tourism experiences and return visit intentions.

Tarakan City, as the largest city in North Kalimantan Province, plays a strategic role as a center for economics, trade, and tourism. Good accessibility through its international airport and seaport makes Tarakan a major gateway to various destinations in North Kalimantan. This potential is supported by its rich natural resources and cultural heritage, as well as its position as a distribution hub for goods and services. However, the development of the tourism sector remains hampered by the limited availability of premium accommodation facilities that meet international standards, particularly for domestic and international tourists, as well as business travelers. This final project proposes the design of a four-star hotel in Tarakan City as a solution to increase the attractiveness and competitiveness of the tourism sector. The concept used is Neo-Vernacular Architecture, a design approach that combines traditional architectural values with modern needs and technology. This concept aims to maintain local identity, enrich the building's aesthetic qualities, and create comfortable spaces suited to the local tropical climate. During the design process, a thorough analysis of site conditions, climate characteristics, local cultural potential, and four-star hotel operational standards was conducted. The traditional architecture of the Baloy Mayo traditional house served as the primary inspiration, both in terms of form, decorative elements, and spatial philosophy, resulting in a design that is contextual and representative of Tidung culture as one of Tarakan's identities. The resulting design is expected to provide quality accommodation facilities that not only support the needs of tourists and business people, but also become a modern architectural icon that respects and preserves local culture. The presence of this hotel is expected to contribute to the development of the tourism industry and strengthen the image of Tarakan City as a leading destination in North Kalimantan.