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The Tandak Timang tradition in Batu Badinding Village, Central Katingan District, plays an important role in fostering the faith of children aged 1-5 years, which is carried out by parents. From an early age, children are introduced to faith values through Tandak Timang verses that contain advice, prayers, and praise to God. This study aims to (1) describe the role of parents in fostering the faith of children aged 1-5 years through the Tandak Timang tradition in Batu Badinding Village, Central Katingan District; and (2) describe the values implemented by parents for children aged 1-5 years in Batu Badinding Village, Central Katingan District. The research used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation.The results show that Tandak Timang plays a significant role in shaping children's spiritual foundation. Parents' roles are manifested through daily practices, such as singing, storytelling, and rocking children while chanting verses in the Dayak Ngaju language. This practice not only builds strong emotional bonds but also serves as an effective medium for instilling noble values. These values include cultural values, moral and ethical values, ancestral values, and spiritual values that teach children about the importance of prayer and hope in God.The conclusion of this study is that parents act not only as cultural inheritors but also as educators, role models, and facilitators. They utilize intimate moments when putting children to sleep—through singing, storytelling, and rocking—to instill faith values. The strong physical and emotional interaction builds a solid bond, making it easier for children to accept and internalize a deep understanding of the teachings conveyed. The Tandak Timang tradition is rich in noble values that serve as the foundation for faith formation. These values include cultural values, moral and ethical values, ancestral values, and spiritual values. The suggestions put forward are that parents should further understand the meaning of Tandak Timang for fostering children's faith from an early age, and pass on and preserve the character of children through this Central Kalimantan Dayak culture. For subsequent researchers conducting similar studies, it is recommended to develop the research objectives and focus more specifically on the research topics.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors of human life, including church ministry and religious organizational management. This study aims to analyze Christian leadership ethics in the use of AI within modern church ministry. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method through theological literature review and analysis of recent studies concerning digital technology and pastoral ministry. The findings indicate that AI provides significant benefits for church administration, digital communication, congregational data management, and online evangelism. Nevertheless, ethical challenges also emerge, such as the weakening of pastoral relationships, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the risk of dehumanization in ministry practices. From a Christian theological perspective, ministry is fundamentally relational and incarnational, reflecting the example of Jesus Christ who ministered through personal presence, compassion, and direct interaction with people. Therefore, AI should be understood as a supportive instrument rather than a substitute for spiritual authority and pastoral presence. Christian leadership in the digital age must be grounded in integrity, transparency, spiritual discernment, and respect for human dignity as the image of God (imago Dei). This study contributes to the development of ethical guidelines for churches in utilizing AI responsibly while maintaining theological integrity and Christian spiritual values.

This research is motivated by the importance of understanding the development of the Kingdom of God in Indonesia as a reality present in the lives of the people through the values ​​of love, justice, and peace in a pluralistic society. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors that support and hinder the development of the Kingdom of God in Indonesia and explain its application in contemporary life. The method used is a qualitative descriptive method through a literature review and theological analysis of the social, cultural, and religious dynamics that are developing in Indonesian society. The results of the study indicate that the development of the Kingdom of God is supported by the role of the church in evangelistic missions, holistic services, universal values ​​of love and justice, and a spirit of religious moderation. On the other hand, this development is hampered by local cultural resistance, socio-political dynamics, a lack of comprehensive theological understanding, and the potential for conflict in poorly managed plurality. The implications of this research emphasize that the Kingdom of God needs to be lived as a contemporary reality through personal and social transformation, obedience to God's will, and the realization of identity as citizens of the Kingdom of God in everyday life.

This study examines the lexical and grammatical meanings of news headlines from the November 2025 edition of detik.com, posted on Instagram. The shift from a news site to a social media platform often necessitates adjustments to headlines, which can lead to shifts in meaning. To collect relevant headlines, this study employed a qualitative descriptive method with a listening and note-taking technique. The analysis shows that lexical meaning in headlines is evident through the use of words with basic dictionary meanings, such as names of people, places, objects, and actions. Grammatical meaning is discovered through affixation and reduplication, which can change or add to the meaning of basic words according to the context. These two types of meaning play a crucial role in creating concise, clear headlines that are appropriate for the way news is presented on Instagram. This study concludes that the formation of meaning in headlines on detik.com is influenced by a combination of lexical and grammatical meanings tailored to the communication needs of social media platforms.

This research is motivated by the urgency of integrating humanistic values into literature learning for character building among students, as well as the lack of scientific studies that thoroughly examine the novel ‘3726 MDPL’ by Nurwina Sari. The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze the humanistic values contained in the novel and to describe its relevance as teaching material in high schools. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study design, where data is collected thru content analysis and documentation techniques, and then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana. The research results show that there are six forms of humanistic values in the novel, namely respecting others opinions, cooperation, caring for others, helping each other, solidarity, and self-sacrifice. These values have significant pedagogical relevance as teaching materials in high school literature because the align the Indonesian Language Learning Outcomes Phase F and the Pancasila Student Profile, particularly in the dimensions of mutual cooperation and global diversity, thus making them an effective medium for fostering empathy and social sensitivity among students.

This study aims to analyze the resilience of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in local economic development, with a focus on market dependency in the Purwasera culinary area, Purwokerto. The study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and literature review, involving MSME actors and area management as informants. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that MSMEs play a strategic role in supporting local economic activities, as reflected in increased income and dynamic economic transactions. However, MSME resilience still faces challenges, particularly high dependency on student consumers, which leads to income fluctuations during academic holidays. In addition, low adoption of digital technology hinders market expansion and business competitiveness. This study concludes that strengthening MSME resilience requires market diversification, digital adoption, and capacity building to ensure sustainable local economic development..

This study analyzes the role of supporter fanaticism and loyalty in influencing the purchase decisions of official PSMS Medan merchandise. A qualitative descriptive method was employed through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, supported by secondary data from literature studies. The results show that fanaticism is reflected in emotional attachment, active involvement, long-term support, and social environmental influences. Supporter loyalty appears in consistent attendance at matches, following games, discussing the club, and repeated purchases of official merchandise. Purchase decisions are influenced by product type, design/form, and quantity, while also considering financial capability. Overall, fanaticism shapes emotional bonding, whereas loyalty drives repeated purchasing behavior; both contribute significantly to merchandise purchasing. These findings highlight the importance of design innovation, product quality improvement, and marketing strategies based on emotional and historical attachment to the club. Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Fanaticism; Merchandise; Purchase Decision; Supporter Loyalty.

Street vendors play an essential role in urban informal economies by fulfilling community needs and supporting local economic activity. This study analyzes the role of business ethics in building consumer trust among street vendors in Dumai, Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive method was applied using interviews, observation, and documentation involving three vendors and two consumers. Findings indicate that ethical practices such as honesty in transactions, responsibility for product quality, friendly service, and cleanliness of business premises improve consumer comfort and perceived safety. These conditions encourage repeat purchases, customer loyalty, and a positive reputation for vendors. Therefore, business ethics function not only as moral guidance but also as social capital supporting the sustainability of informal microenterprises. This study highlights that ethical behavior is crucial for strengthening long-term relationships between vendors and consumers in urban settings. Overall, implementing ethical standards contributes to sustainable small business development in informal sectors. It also improves public trust.

This study is motivated by the importance of information literacy among students in using the Shopee e-commerce platform. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of information literacy of 2022 cohort students at the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, in using the platform e-commerce Shopee. This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The population in this study consists of all 2022 cohort students of the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, totaling 1,208 students, with a sample of 92 respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique based on the Slovin formula. Data collection in this study was conducted using a questionnaire developed based on the The Seven Faces of Information Literacy model, which was distributed online via WhatsApp in the form of Google Forms and directly through QR codes.Based on the confidence interval calculation, the average level of students’ information literacy falls within the range of 3.05 < μ < 3.27, indicating that the information literacy level of 2022 cohort students in using the platform e-commerce Shopee at the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, is categorized as high. In general, it can be concluded that students have a good level of information literacy, particularly in aspects of information technology use, utilization of information sources, information searching processes, information control, knowledge construction, knowledge development, and wisdom in using information on the Shopee e-commerce platform.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of compensation on employee performance through a literature review approach. The background of this research is based on the importance of compensation as a factor that contributes to improving employee work outcomes. Compensation is not only considered as remuneration for work performed, but also as an element that can encourage motivation and productivity. The study applied a descriptive method using a literature review approach. The data used were secondary data obtained from 20 national scientific journals published since 2020, discussing compensation and employee performance. Data collection was carried out through library research by selecting, classifying, and reviewing relevant literature sources. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively by interpreting findings from previous studies. The results indicate that 19 out of 20 journals reported a positive and significant relationship between compensation and employee performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that compensation plays an essential role in enhancing employee performance, making an effective compensation system a crucial aspect of human resource management.

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital structure and financial performance on firm value at PT Elang Mahkota Teknologi Tbk during the period 2015–2024. Capital structure is proxied by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), financial performance is measured by Return on Equity (ROE), and firm value is proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV). This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The data analysis techniques used include multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination. The results show that capital structure (DER) has a positive and significant effect on firm value, as indicated by a t-statistic of 3.302, which is greater than the t-table value of 2.365, with a significance level of 0.013 (< 0.05). Financial performance (ROE) also has a positive and significant effect on firm value, with a t-statistic of 2.638, exceeding the t-table value of 2.365, and a significance level of 0.034 (< 0.05). Simultaneously, DER and ROE have a significant effect on firm value, as evidenced by an F-statistic of 6.384, which is greater than the F-table value of 4.737, with a significance level of 0.026 (< 0.05). The coefficient of determination indicates that 64.6% of the variation in firm value can be explained by capital structure and financial performance, while the remaining percentage is influenced by other variables outside the research model.

Perimenopause is an important phase in a woman's life characterized by extensive hormonal changes as the ovaries gradually lose their function. During this period, the body experiences significant hormonal fluctuations, particularly a decrease in estrogen and progesterone production, which can cause various physical discomforts such as fatigue. One way to overcome fatigue is through low-impact exercise. This exercise is a light, safe activity that can improve physical fitness and enhance the body's endurance, thereby potentially reducing fatigue levels in perimenopausal women. This study used a descriptive method with a case study approach conducted on two perimenopausal women, Mrs. T and Mrs. N. The results of the nursing care showed that after six sessions of low-impact exercise over two weeks, the fatigue levels of both respondents decreased, as evidenced by their Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) scores. Mrs. S's FAS score decreased from 28 to 23, while Mrs. N's decreased from 30 to 27. The symptoms experienced by Mrs. T decreased on the third day and further decreased on the sixth day. For Mrs. N, symptoms decreased on the third day and further decreased on the fifth day. The results of this study indicate that low-impact exercise is effective as an intervention for fatigue issues in perimenopausal women.

This study explores the revitalization of the Sundanese Pegon script through a community-based training program at Al-Huda Islamic Boarding School, Bandung. Conducted by the Community Service Team of Telkom University in June 2025, the program aimed to preserve traditional Islamic literacy by reintroducing the Pegon script to students (santri). Utilizing a qualitative-descriptive method through observation, interviews, and document analysis, the research reveals that the training successfully enhanced both the students' awareness and technical proficiency in reading and writing Pegon. Interview results with the Chairman of the Al-Huda Foundation, Roni Syahroni, emphasize that this effort is not merely an academic achievement but a vital step in reviving the historical soul of the pesantren. The findings demonstrate strong community support for preserving local cultural literacy. The study concludes that the community-based education model is highly effective and viable as a strategy to sustain the Islamic cultural heritage of Nusantara amidst modern challenges. Thus, Pegon literacy remains a spiritual and intellectual bridge for future generations.

This study examines the importance of legal protection for healthcare workers in medical services, particularly in the Central Surgical Installation of the Regional General Hospital of Mataram City, which involves high medical risks. The background of this research is based on the increasing potential for medical disputes and the vulnerability of healthcare workers to legal claims due to discrepancies between medical outcomes and patient expectations. The objective of this study is to analyze the implementation of legal protection and identify the challenges faced in practice. The research employs a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The findings indicate that legal protection has been implemented through standard operating procedures, informed consent, and internal hospital policies in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. However, its implementation remains suboptimal due to several constraints, including limited legal awareness among healthcare workers, inadequate legal assistance systems, and increasing public demands. The study implies the need to enhance legal education for healthcare workers and strengthen the role of hospitals in providing effective legal protection to support professional and safe healthcare services.

The Bajo tribe is a group of people who depend on the sea. The Bajo tribe views the sea as a fundamental entity, and believe that the sea is the source of life. The life of the Bajo tribe is inseparable from the noble values and local wisdom that they hold upto. This Bajo tribal area, with its immense marine biodiversity, faces serious threats from a variety of factors, including overfishing as well as fish bombing, coral reef damage, and environmental pollution. This study uses a Qualitative Descriptive method using an ethnographic study with a number of subjects of two people , informant determination techniques using purposive sampling and subject retrieval using triangulation techniques. The forms of local wisdom of the Bajo Tribe that play a role in preserving the environment are: The Bajo Tribe's belief in spirit spirits or the supernatural, the Tibaanca tradition, and the use of traditional fishing gear. Local wisdom has a role in preserving the environment such as: Sustainable use of natural resources, protection of biodiversity, and control of environmental pollution. The Bajo tribe in Torosiaje uses local wisdom that they hold fast to to preserve the environment from environmental damage.

Martial arts training centers are essential facilities that support the technical, physical, and mental development of athletes. This study aims to identify the facility requirements and architectural design criteria for martial arts training centers in Surabaya. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, utilizing literature reviews, field observations, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. The findings indicate that the required facilities include a main training area, supporting spaces, and operational support facilities, all of which must be designed in accordance with the specific characteristics of each martial art discipline. Furthermore, the implementation of appropriate zoning systems and design criteria—such as flexibility, safety, comfort, and functional integration—plays a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness of the training environment. Properly designed facilities not only accommodate diverse training needs but also contribute to optimizing athlete performance. Therefore, a comprehensive architectural approach is necessary to ensure that martial arts training centers can function efficiently and sustainably in supporting long-term athlete development.

This study aims to critically analyze the determination of the Tax Base (Dasar Pengenaan Pajak/DPP) in the withholding tax mechanism under Article 23 of the Indonesian Income Tax Law for freight forwarding services at PT MPX Indonesia. The research focuses on evaluating the implementation of the “All-In” billing model, where all operational costs are consolidated into a single gross invoice amount and treated as the taxable base. This approach raises concerns regarding its compliance with applicable tax regulations, particularly in distinguishing between service fees and reimbursable expenses. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method using a case study approach. Data are collected through documentation analysis of transaction records, including invoices and Unified Income Tax withholding receipts. The findings are expected to provide insights into the appropriateness of the applied tax base determination method and its implications for tax compliance and efficiency within the company’s operational practices and financial reporting system.

Public service performance serves as a crucial measure of how effectively government agencies provide services to the public. Rising expectations from the public compel governments to ensure that services are delivered in an efficient, open, responsible, and responsive manner. Within the realm of public administration reform, the standard of public services has emerged as a key issue for governments looking to enhance public confidence and governance. The Indonesian government has created the Public Service Index (Indeks Pelayanan Publik/IPP) as a tool to assess the performance of public services. The IPP functions as an all-encompassing measurement system to evaluate the quality, efficiency, and responsibility associated with public service provision across government entities. This research intends to explore the definition of public service performance, the legal framework that regulates public services in Indonesia, and the metrics employed for calculating the Public Service Index. The study uses a qualitative descriptive method and a literature review approach, evaluating various pertinent books, regulations, and scholarly articles concentrating on public service management and performance evaluation. The results indicate that the Public Service Index plays a vital role in assessing service quality, institutional effectiveness, and the degree of public satisfaction. Additionally, the application of the IPP measurements fosters transparency, bolsters accountability, and encourages ongoing enhancements in public service delivery. Therefore, enhancing public service performance necessitates robust regulatory backing, institutional dedication, and the utilization of clear and quantifiable performance metrics to guarantee enduring improvements in service quality.

The low motivation of students in memorizing the Qur’an at the Tahfidz House in Ciranjeng Village has become a problem that encourages the implementation of the tahfidz graduation program as an innovation in learning development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the tahfidz graduation program and its effect on increasing students’ motivation in memorizing the Qur’an. The problems examined include the implementation process of the program, changes in students’ motivation before and after the program, and the effectiveness of the program in supporting memorization achievement. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and an action research design. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis is carried out descriptively through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that the tahfidz graduation program is able to significantly increase students’ motivation, as indicated by improved discipline, consistency in memorization, and increased memorization achievements. In addition, parental involvement and appreciation through the graduation program have a positive psychological impact on students, encouraging them to be more enthusiastic in memorizing the Qur’an.

Public service quality has emerged as a crucial metric for assessing how well the government functions and the efficiency of its administration. Recently, rising expectations from the public have led gov-ernments to offer services that are open, responsible, effective, and attuned to citizens' needs. Alongside administrative changes and the evolution of governance models focused on efficiency and citizen satisfaction, the appetite for high-quality public services has surged. Nonetheless, numerous public entities continue to struggle with providing reliable and top-notch services due to a lack of defined service norms and systems for measuring performance. The purpose of this research is to investigate ways to enhance public service quality by establishing robust service standards and quantifiable performance metrics. The study employs a qualitative descriptive methodology, drawing on a review of relevant lit-erature from the past seven years. Multiple academic sources were analyzed to uncover essential ideas, frameworks, and empirical evidence concerning public service management, the enhancement of service quality, and the assessment of performance in governmental organizations. The results show that adopting well-defined service standards, along with measurable performance metrics, can greatly en-hance service effectiveness, accountability, and overall public satisfaction. Additionally, merging prin-ciples of service excellence with quantifiable indicators promotes transparency, boosts organizational performance, and fosters ongoing improvements in service delivery. The research concludes that to enhance public service quality, a structured framework for service standards, ongoing performance assessments, and a firm organizational dedication to innovation and service enhancement are necessary.