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Resya Dwi Marselina; Sehwuda Sehwuda; Siti Maryam H; Tasha Ratna Dewi; Wiwin Fadila +1 more

JUREKSI (Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance) 2023 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

A wedding is a very important moment for everyone and requires meticulous preparation, sometimes taking months to years, but the lack of time and support from friends and family is often not enough to fulfill all the needs for planning a wedding. In this case, wedding organizers (WOs) are here to solve this problem. This study aims to examine the growing wedding designing business in Tanjungwangi Village, Pacet, Bandung Regency, especially Friskia Ala Ala Wedding Organizer. This research provides an in-depth description of client experiences, processes, and variables that contribute to the services they offer. The method used in this research is, descriptive qualitative method with the technique of collecting data through direct observation and interviews.Friskia Ala Ala Wedding Organizer offers various services, such as make-up artist (MUA), prewedding, decoration, location, catering, photography, film, and entertainment. Friskia Ala Ala Wedding Organizer conducted a SWOT analysis which showed that there are strengths to attract customers and low prices. Friskia Ala Ala Wedding Organizer managed to record a good profit from the sale of its wedding packages. In addition, the net profit generated shows good financial management. The conclusion of this research highlights the importance of business networks, marketing strategies, service production processes, and financial management in running a wedding organizer service business.

Deborah Ananda Gosal

Riset Ilmu Manajemen Bisnis dan Akuntansi 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Bank Central Asia Tbk is one of the leading private banks in Indonesia that has been recognized by the wider community among the many banks in Surabaya City, a very professional management team and an extensive network. Bank BCA as a transactional bank that offers a range of banking services that have Cash and Non-Cash ATMs provided in various strategic locations throughout Indonesia to meet the diverse needs of customers. This study aims to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction and promotional strategies on customer satisfaction. The type of research used is quantitative research and the sampling technique is purposive sampling technique with the number of samples obtained based on criteria and data analysis techniques using SEM Amos. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires through 100 respondents. The results showed that service quality has a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction for BCA Veteran Surabaya Bank customers and promotional strategies have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction for BCA Veteran Surabaya Bank customers.

Jeffri Nur Syahfudin

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality and product quality on repurchase intention with consumer satisfaction as an intervening variable at UD. Rizqi Food Supplier Yogyakarta. The impact of Covid-19 has caused a decrease in meat shipments, but extra services and promos during the pandemic have increased interest in repurchasing. After the pandemic, expansion into restaurants and hotels resulted in a significant increase in sales. The research sample consisted of 100 respondents. Data analysis used multiple regression and Sobel's test to test consumer satisfaction as an intervening variable. The results showed that service and product quality had a significant effect on consumer satisfaction and repurchase intention. However, customer satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between service quality and repurchase intention, as well as the relationship between product quality and repurchase intention. Improving the quality of services and products at UD. RizqiFood Supplier is expected to increase consumer satisfaction and encourage repurchasing interest. This is important for company management to retain loyal customers and achieve business success.

Muhammad Aldo; Ria Sulistiani; Lilis Renfiana

Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah (JUPIEKES) 2023 STAI YPIQ BAUBAU, SULAWESI TENGGARA

Marketing management strategy is a process that allows an organization or company to explore large market opportunities, increase sales, and achieve the desired level of profit. The importance of marketing management strategy also lies in its role as a vital tool in securing the company's position in business competition. The main goal of marketing is to carry out transactions, provide services, fulfill needs, and accommodate customer desires to ensure their satisfaction. The marketing function primarily involves product development. If there is a decline in the acceptance of products in circulation, additional steps in product development are needed to suit the dynamics of business development. In the context of the problems faced, the author focuses on two main problems: 1) how marketing management strategies can increase sales at the Sate Madura Cak Budi stall on Jalan Imam Bonjol and Cak Umar on Jalan Soekarno Hatta, 2) what factors support or hampering marketing management strategies in increasing sales at the two stalls. This research adopts qualitative research methods using observation, interviews and documentation as data collection techniques. The main objective is to provide a detailed and structured explanation about the implementation of sharia marketing management strategies to increase sales at the Sate Madura stalls Cak Budi and Cak Umar. These two stalls apply a sharia marketing approach using the 4P marketing mix concept (product, price, promotion, place). The main supporting factors for this strategy are strategic locations that are easily accessible to consumers and communication strategies aimed at attracting customers from outside the Metro City area. However, the main obstacle for the Sate Cak Budi and Cak Umar stalls is the fairly tight competitive situation in the Metro City area.  

Nayun Chaledha Zahra; Tasya Widya Sari; Theodora Fausta Ayu Gracia; Binti Muchsini

Faedah : Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 FKIP, Universitas Palangka Raya

Archives play an important role in supporting the administrative activities of an agency. Archives include all activities related to company documents. At the expedition agency PT Tunas Antarnusa Muda Cargo Solo, the receipt document filing system is still lacking in structure. This receipt is only archived to the extent that it is entered in an order that is adjusted to the customer's name randomly and unstructured. This makes employees of PT Tunas Antarnusa Muda Cargo Solo, especially the finance division, find it difficult to find receipts so that work management becomes less effective and efficient due to the long search time when receipts are needed. This service aims to improve the filing system at PT Tunas Antarnusa Muda Cargo Solo by using a combination of alphabetical filing, subject filing, and chronological filing methods. This method is applied in alphabetical order of the customer's name, the subject of grouping the customer's names and sorted by the time the receipt was made. In practice, this method aims to manage receipts to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the filing system. In addition, structured archives can make it easier for agency employees to find the information needed quickly and simplify the work process

Seger Santoso; M. Reza Saputra

Jurnal Manajemen Kreatif dan Inovasi 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

This study analyzes the impact of the merger between three state-owned Islamic banks that formed Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) in 2021 on growth and innovation. This merger aimed to create an entity that is stronger and more competitive globally. Using quantitative analysis of BSI’s financial reports before and after the merger along with qualitative insights through interviews with management, this research found significant increases in sales revenue and customer base, from 14 million pre-merger to 19 million post-merger. Although investment income fluctuated, overall financial performance improved. This study highlights the significance of financial report analysis in evaluating merger success and its effects on product and service innovations. With government support and substantial market potential, BSI is expected to contribute significantly to Indonesian Sharia economic development.

Chairunnisa Dian Puspa; Muhammad Lathief Ilhamy Nasution

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia

Digital financial services provided by fintech companies operate or make use of digital technologies. One of the banks that has offered digital fintech-based services are Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru. These services include virtual account services, cash management systems, online banking, m-banking (M-DIN), and ATMs. the necessity of putting into practice marketing tactics that increase client happiness and faith in these services. The purpose of this study is to identify the Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru's digital fintech-based marketing strategy for customer service. At Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru, this kind of research is considered field research. This study is descriptive qualitative in nature. Interviews and documentation were used to obtain data. The key data sources used were interviews with Bank Muamalat sub-branch managers, customer care representatives, and consumers KCP Medan Baru, whereas secondary sources are drawn from written works or other types of documentation to supplement primary data. According to the research, it is known that Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru has applied a number of shari'ah marketing indicators, including a number of marketing mix components. Promotion has dominated marketing tactics throughout the Bank's existence. Brands, services, and procedures produce marketing value. Additionally, Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru is inextricably linked to the three key tenets of shari'ah marketing—piety, moderation, and virtue. The Principle of Piety is the one that is used the most frequently. Additionally, Bank Muamalat KCP Medan Baru should assess or enhance its marketing tactics for digital fintech services continuous attempts to increase usage of the system due to the fact that some clients are still unaware of Muamalat's digital fintech offerings, particularly its virtual accounts, cash management systems, and online banking.

Dita Pebriyanti; Siti An Nisa; Fahim Khilda Afiffulloh; Dwi Wulan Sari; Nanda Bayu Aji Argananta +9 more

Jurnal Nusantara Berbakti 2023 Universitas Kristen Indonesia Toraja

The development of Ngrupit Village as a tourism village is inseparable from the participation of all members of the community. One of the important elements in supporting the creation of a tourist village is the existence of an institution that can manage and organize tourism businesses or what we call a Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis). This service activity aims to provide assistance to Pokdarwis Ngrupit Village to increase the understanding and capabilities of its members in tourism business governance. This service begins with the formation of Pokdarwis institutions, tourism potential survey activities, Forum Group Discussion (FGD) activities, and training in tourism business governance. Through this training activity, Pokdarwis of Ngrupit Village was given training, socialization, assistance, and empowerment regarding tourism business management, including financial management, marketing, facilities, and customer service. The benchmark for the success of this service activity is seen from the pre-test and post-test scores in the training activities. The results showed that the average pre-test score was 66.42 and the average post-test score was 87.14 in the tourism business management training. While in the training of Branding and Marketing of Tourism Businesses, the average pre-test score was 50.71 and post-test was 85.71. Based on these results, it was found that there was an increase in the average score before and after attending the training. Thus, this training increased the understanding of Pokdarwis members regarding tourism business management as well as branding and marketing of tourism businesses.  

Edi Irawan

Journal Economic Excellence Ibnu Sina 2023 STIKes Ibnu Sina Ajibarang

This article aims to review and attempt to inform about the concept of service quality management, value and customer loyalty. The research method used is qualitative and literature studies or library research. Based on the results of the discussion above, it can be concluded theoretically that to understand value service quality management and customer loyalty management requires several important things, namely a). For service quality management the values that need to be considered are: Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and Empathy, b). For loyalty management that needs to be considered, namely: Becoming a regular customer, Buying between product lines, Referring to others and Commitment to the company.

Sofi syaeffulloh

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

In the era of globalization, business competition is getting tighter cause marketing activities and management of a company are encouraged to follow the development in order to maintain the continuity of the company. CV. Network Maha Jaya to do relationship marketing to satisfy and establish good relationships with customers. Good relationship marketing efforts can assist companies in understanding the wants and needs so that the company can satisfy and build loyalty of the customers to always be loyal to the company within the period ahead. This study aims to analyze the influence of relationship marketing on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty Kompas newspaper in Surabaya. This study used a descriptive quantitative research methods and data collection techniques by sampling from questionnaires.

Sri Lestari; Najmudin Najmudin; Devani Laksmi Indyastuti

Faedah : Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 FKIP, Universitas Palangka Raya

The target audience for this Science and Technology Application Program is the Nurimas batik making group which has 11 members and is located in Pajerukan Village, Kalibagor District. The emergence of this group was triggered by the large demand for batik products in Kalibagor District in particular and in Banyumas Regency in general which has not been served, namely 10,020 people from school students, teachers and employees within the Kalibagor District. School students, teachers and employees in Banyumas Regency are generally required to wear batik clothing 2-3 days a week. Meanwhile, the Nurimas Batik group is the only batik craftsman from the Kalibagor District area. The partners' main problems are that many of the production equipment is no longer suitable and there is a lack of capital due to the Covid 19 pandemic, the partners have not started a business in promoting their products to potential customers, the partners have not mastered the online marketing or sales of their batik, the partners do not understand group management. which is good, the partners do not implement order in their group's administrative records, the batik motif designs of the batik-making partners are still simple and not yet varied, their mastery of business management is still lacking and they do not carry out standardized bookkeeping. This activity has resulted in an increase in equipment and production materials owned by partners, increased sales, the ability to market on-line, increased partner mastery of group management and administration, results of administering activities, group financial reports, and scientific articles. In order to obtain the specified goals and outcomes, the team carries out outreach programs to partners, practice and mentoring. The method used to evaluate is to compare the level of knowledge with capabilities and production results. Then compare marketing activities before the Science and Technology Application service program and after.

Noor, Hesty Latifa; Novita Yuliani; Alifah Sari Nugraini; Intan Maharani

Pandawa : Pusat Publikasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Pendidikan Indonesia

PKU Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo Hospital is a type C hospital that is currently developing offering health services with target service coverage in Sukoharjo Regency. Currently, the marketing team at PKU Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo Hospital is starting to pioneer the development of marketing efforts which are expected to increase patient visits. High competition between hospitals is one of the factors that patient visits at PKU Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo Hospital tend to fluctuate. The marketing team's lack of knowledge regarding marketing strategies and the large number of job desks for each marketing member result in less than optimal marketing efforts. Solutions offered through this Community Service activity (1) Providing education related to Customer Relationship Management (CRM) (2) Providing education related to Customer Relationship Management (CRM) methods (3) Customer Relationship Management (CRM) training that combines processes, people and technology Methods used: (1) Increasing the marketing team's knowledge regarding Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to increase the number of patient visits; (2) Increasing the marketing team's skills in implementing Customer Relationship Management (CRM) methods (3) Increasing and developing strategies to generate users. interface for collecting customer data. The output of this activity is (1) Publication of service results in the Community Service Journal "Surya Abdimas"; (2) Videos of PkM activities which can be accessed online; (3) Increased knowledge of the Hospital Marketing team through Customer Relationship Management (CRM); (4) Integration of the results of PkM activities in the Hospital Marketing Management course; (6) Increasing students' skills in applying Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in the Hospital Marketing Management course. The activity was carried out at the PKU Muhammadiyah Sukoharjo Hospital with 16 participants consisting of the IT Team, Marketing Team and Hospital Public Relations. To find out the comparison of participants' knowledge results regarding Customer Relationship Management (CRM) methods, we carried out Pre Test and Post Test activities.

Shelvina Putri Danisa; Muchsin Muthohar

Jurnal Nuansa : Publikasi Ilmu Manajemen dan Ekonomi Syariah 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Intense competition within the industrial sector drives companies to be more proactive in creating and continually designing strategies to maintain their position in the market. Companies that have customer relationship strategies can enhance customer loyalty, which in turn optimizes the long-term profitability of the company. Through this strategy, relationships with customers can be strengthened, and existing customers can be retained. The strategy is also implemented by one of the heavy equipment companies in Indonesia, namely PT Trakindo Utama Branch BSD, to effectively address customer complaints so that customers feel comfortable again despite their previous dissatisfaction with the services provided. This research aims to determine whether the implementation of customer relationship management strategies carried out by PT Trakindo Utama's BSD Branch can effectively enhance customer relationships, retain customers, and increase loyalty. The methodology used in this research is a qualitative approach, involving data collection techniques such as observation and interviews with employees of PT Trakindo Utama Branch BSD in the Sales division and the Parts Counter sub-division who have direct and intensive communication with customers, as well documentation. Therefore, the data obtained are accurate and based on sources within the company relevant to the research. Through observations and interviews, it can be seen that the customer relationship management strategies implemented by the company have been effective in improving and maintaining customer relationships and increasing customer loyalty by offering loyalty programs, such as excellent and solution-oriented services, providing incentives, annual contracts, membership rewards, and conducting evaluations based on customer assessments.

Prince Gidion Simanjuntak; I Made Sarjana

Jurnal Hukum dan Sosial Politik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The purpose of this study was to find out the implementation of the Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWT) and the factors causing the implementation of the Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWT) without transparency in the provision of work agreements to workers at ID Express Jimbaran. The normative research method was used in this research with a statutory approach, a historical approach to compare with a conceptual approach. This study also uses legal materials such as primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that the procedure for implementing a Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWT) carried out by ID Express Jimbaran is not in accordance with Article 59 paragraph (1) and paragraph (3) of Law no. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. Internal factors causing the lack of transparency in the implementation of the Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWT) at ID Express Jimbaran are the quality and behavior of human resources, organizational culture, and management policies and practices. Meanwhile, the external factors causing the absence of transparency in the implementation of the Specific Time Work Agreement (PKWT) at ID Express Jimbaran are government and customer policies.

M. Sulhan; Fani Dwi Rahma

Jurnal Manuhara : Pusat Penelitian Ilmu Manajemen dan Bisnis 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Current technological developments can develop very rapidly and this causes changes in people's lifestyles. With the presence of the internet, not only marketing- based businesses but also developing online transportation services such as Grab, which provides online transportation services to consumers. This needs to be considered as a service provider to maintain the loyalty of service users. This study aims to determine the effect of e-service quality and e-trust on e-loyalty through customer satisfaction on users of grab transportation services. This research was conducted in the community in the district Kecamatan Pandaan who uses grab transportation services in 2023. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire which is distributed online via Google Form. The selection of the sample used in the study was 100 respondents using the purposive sampling method, which is a sampling technique in which the people selected as samples are in accordance with the purpose of conducting research on data management, this research was conducted using the path analysis method (Path Analysis). Based on the results of this study it can be seen that e-service quality has a positive and significant effect on satisfaction, e-trust has a positive and significant effect on satisfaction, e-service quality has a positive and significant effect on e- loyalty, there is no significant relationship between e-trust directly to e-loyalty, and satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on e-loyalty

Muhammad Fikri; Rofiqoh Ferawati; Mohammad Orinaldi

Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis dan Manajemen (EBISMEN) 2023 FEB Universitas Maritim Semarang

This research was carried out based on data saying that Elzatta in the period from year to year experienced an increase in percentage as the brand with the best quality, it's just that in 2019 it experienced a slight decrease in numbers, this might have been due to the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the Indonesian nation at that time and of course slightly affected the brand process at Elzatta. Thus, based on the results of the initial observations and analysis above, which found a uniqueness in Elzatta using a sharia marketing strategy for their products, the researcher was compelled to describe this phenomenon, namely related to the Islamic marketing strategy implemented by the Elzatta store so that it continues to exist in the face of real world business competition This research uses a type of qualitative research by using data collection methods in the form of observations, interviews, and documentation. The technique of analyzing the data is by filtering the data, presenting the data, and cross-checking the data. While testing the validity of the data is done using triangulation techniques. The results of this study found that: 1. Elzatta's product sharia marketing strategy was carried out with three main strategies, namely: (1) Market segmentation; (2) Targeting and Positioning; and (3) combination strategy which includes: strategy in maintaining the product; price range strategy; strategy in choosing a point of sale; strategy in the field of product promotion; strategy in HR management; strategy in the easy shopping process; strategy in the marketing process through social media. 2. Supporting factors for the sharia marketing strategy for Elzatta products are due to several factors, namely: Maintaining service quality; Understanding customer needs and company needs through SWOT analysis; Neat employee appearance; Responsiveness in helping customers online/offline; Providing supplies/training to employees/SPG; Sensitivity to the development of global business competition. 3. The inhibiting factors for Elzatta's sharia marketing strategy are internal and external factors. Internal reasons, including: capital, promotion constraints in the field. Meanwhile, these external factors include: price competition and the promotion strategy of Elzatta Jambi's competitors.

Dimas Realino; Valeria Eldyn Gula; Sofiana Jelita

Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen dan Inovasi Riset 2023 Asosiasi Riset Ilmu Manajemen Kewirausahaan dan Bisnis Indonesia

Conventional Ojek is one form of alternative transportation in Indonesia. Sikka Regency has rapid development in all sectors and has several airports and ports to support the movement of people and goods. Conventional ojek meets the biggest competitor, namely the emergence of online ojek. Although various competitors appear conventional ojek in Sikka Regency is still the main choice of public transportation mode. This study analyzes the effect of service quality and price on consumer satisfaction of students who use conventional ojek services at Nusa Nipa University. The population in this study were all students who use conventional ojek at Nusa Nipa University. This study uses purposive sampling method, namely the technique of determining the sample using certain considerations with the number of respondents 100 people. The research instrument used a questionnaire with the data collection technique used was to use a Likert scale and analyzed using SPSS 25 software. The results show that partially service quality has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Price has a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Simultaneously service quality and price have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Conventional ojek has become a means of transportation that is needed by people in Maumere city. Government advice needs to take care of legalization, conventional ojek data collection, infrastructure management and price regulations and to ojek drivers pay attention to safety, comfort and completeness of vehicles.  

I Gede Iwan Sudipa; Komang Kurniawan Widiartha; I Komang Arya Ganda Wiguna; Bagus Kusuma Wijaya; Gustiadi Gustiadi +1 more

Faedah : Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2023 FKIP, Universitas Palangka Raya

In the digital era, the role of information technology in facilitating services has presented both challenges and opportunities for businesses seeking to provide exceptional customer service. To remain competitive and maintain customer satisfaction, businesses need to implement technology in the form of service management and customer management information systems. Using technology, community service endeavors aim to establish a service management information system and consumer management. For employees and clients, assistance is provided through technology transfer, socialization, training, and technical support. The outcomes of this assistance indicate advancements in consumer data management and the implementation of more effective technology. The PKM implementation team at INSTIKI discovered that active participation from partners and customers contributed to the success of the program. Partner participation helps identify actual needs and issues in the use of information systems, enabling mentoring programs to be tailored to user requirements and optimize service quality in the digital era.

Susi Nurul Fadillah; Yulianti Yulianti; Ateng Supriatna; Tri Cahyanto

Jurnal Akuntan Publik 2023 International Forum of Researchers and Lecturers

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the readiness of cooperatives at the Al-Mu'awanah Islamic Boarding School in applying for halal certification for each of their goods. The results of the knowledge of cooperative management about UUJPH are 81% in the good category, SJH knowledge is 90% in the good category, and HACCP knowledge is 85% in the good category, measuring the level of adaptation of cooperatives to halal-certified cooperatives at the Al-Mu'awannah Islamic Boarding School, with 85% in the good category and ready for halal certification. With this readiness, Al-Mu'awannah Islamic Boarding School is believed to be able to provide the best halal product services to customers and the surrounding community.

Shifa Aulia Maghfiroh; Khoirunnisa Ghefira Yusrani; Nurul Aini; Acim Heri Iswanto

Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan 2023 Pusat Riset dan Inovasi Nasional

Lean is a concept and technique for systems that optimizes patient benefit by decreasing waste and waiting time. The literature review approach is used in this study to acquire research data, with internet searches serving as a supplementary tool while looking for relevant papers. According to the study findings, mean hospital length of stay (LOS) fell by 24% throughout the intervention period in 259 patients with PMV (131 pre-intervention; 128 post-intervention) (29 vs. 22 days, p 0.001). This demonstrates that clinical redesign based on Lean Six Sigma decreases LOS in intensive care units. Other studies show that utilizing Lean Six Sigma has resulted in a 57% reduction in length of stay and an 88% reduction in the identification of non-value added tasks. Lean management in hospitals is a step toward greater service efficiency that has been shown to outperform Total Quality Management (TQM) and Plan, Do, Check, Action (PDCA) improvements. Customers and their families gain from shorter wait times, as do healthcare employees (medical, emergency, and non-medical) and hospital administration. The use of the lean six sigma approach in conjunction with the DMAIC cycle effects LOS reduction, indicating that lean six sigma can reduce LOS in hospitals.