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The construction industry faces major challenges in managing material inventory, particularly among start-up companies that still rely on paper-based manual records. Such practices often lead to data inconsistencies, delays in decision-making, and project inefficiencies. This study aims to analyze the implementation of a cloud-based and real-time inventory management system utilizing spreadsheets at PT X, a start-up contractor located in Karanganyar, Central Java. The research employs a qualitative case study approach, with data collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with finance staff, logistics administration staff, and the project manager, as well as documentation of material inflows and outflows. The findings reveal that the use of cloud-based spreadsheets enhances data transparency, facilitates real-time monitoring between field and office, and accelerates stock opname validation. The system also supports more responsive decision-making regarding material reordering and request postponements. Nevertheless, several obstacles remain, including limited digital literacy among staff, potential input errors, and reliance on internet connectivity. Theoretically, this research contributes to the literature on accounting information systems and inventory management in small-scale construction sectors. Practically, it demonstrates that low-cost cloud solutions can improve operational efficiency and serve as a foundation for developing more integrated systems in the future.

The principle of proportionality plays an important role in ensuring a balance of rights and obligations between the parties to a reciprocal agreement. In the context of Indonesian contract law, this principle serves as a mechanism to prevent imbalances that could harm one of the parties, especially in commercial and complex contracts. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a literature review method, which involves analysis of relevant laws and regulations and case studies. This approach allows researchers to explore the application of the principle of proportionality in various types of reciprocal agreements, including franchise agreements and construction service contracts. For example, a study by Susanto et al. (2021) highlights how the principle of proportionality is applied in construction service contracts to ensure a fair distribution of responsibilities between contractors and clients. The results of the analysis show that the consistent application of the principle of proportionality can improve fairness in contractual relationships. In franchise agreements, the application of this principle helps to create a balance between the rights and obligations of the franchisor and franchisee, who often have different bargaining positions. Thus, the principle of proportionality serves not only as a legal principle, but also as a practical tool for achieving fairness in contractual practice

The implementation of risk management is an important method that is carried out in order to identify risk factors that may arise during the implementation of the project. However, the implementation of risk management still faces some obstacles in its implementation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the barriers to the implementation of risk management in construction projects in Surabaya. A total of 80 respondents filled out questionnaires from construction service providers including contractors and consultants. Respondents involved include professional experts such as Project Managers, Site engineers, Site managers, implementers, estimators, General Managers and Company Directors. Data processing using fuzzy AHP method as a data processing tool and decision making. The results of the study revealed that the main factors that can hinder the implementation of cost risk management are inaccurate cost estimates (Y4) with the highest weight of 0.433, lack of quality Control (Qc) supervision criteria (Y5) is ranked second with a weight of 0.288, poor coordination between stakeholders (owner,contractor and consultant) (Y1) is ranked third with a weight of 0.274, lack of risk management training (Y3) is ranked fourth with a weight of 0.005, and some, old age) (Y2), the work can not be done according to the work drawings (Y6), limited skilled human resources (Y7), materials not according to specifications (Y8), improper initial cost estimation (Y9), late progressive payment from the owner (Y10) ranked fifth jointly because it has an equivalent weight value of 0.These findings conclude that accurate cost estimation (Y4) is very important in construction projects because it becomes the main basis in budget planning, decision making, and risk management.

Preventing accidents during drilling and well service operations is a constant and primary concern for every company or contractor operating in the upstream business. Accident analyses often identify a number of causative factors and/or anomalies, where equipment-related items play a significant role. This article concentrates on the rig inspection process as a consistent method for detecting equipment-related anomalies before operations commence. These inspections allow necessary repairs to be made in a timely manner, thereby limiting the occurrence of accidents after the rig becomes operational. When thorough and systematic rig inspections are performed, the percentage of accidents where equipment failure is the primary cause remains very low. However, the factor of equipment condition contributing to accidents still persists in a significant number of cases. Drilling rig mast inspection is a crucial component in maintaining the safety and efficiency of drilling operations. This inspection process aims to detect structural anomalies and equipment conditions that could affect rig performance. In this study, we analyze the inspection methods applied to rig masts, including visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and condition monitoring. The results of these inspections are expected to identify potential risks and enable necessary repairs before operations begin. Through the implementation of systematic and standardized inspection procedures, companies can reduce the likelihood of accidents and equipment failures, thereby enhancing workplace safety. This study also discusses the importance of training for inspection personnel to ensure they possess the necessary knowledge and skills to detect potential problems that may arise. Thus, drilling rig mast inspection contributes not only to safety but also to overall operational efficiency.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a technology increasingly used in the modern construction industry, particularly to improve communication efficiency and collaboration between stakeholders. This technology enables the integration of project data and information into a comprehensive digital model, allowing all involved parties to access, verify, and update information in real time. This study aims to evaluate the strategic role of BIM as a communication medium in the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) approach, focusing on the planning stage involving the disciplines of architecture, structure, and Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) systems. The IPD approach emphasizes cross-disciplinary collaboration from the early stages of a project to optimize outcomes, reduce risks, and accelerate completion. The research methods used are literature review and case study analysis of various projects that have implemented BIM within the IPD framework. The data analyzed include the effectiveness of information exchange, inter-team coordination, and early identification of design conflicts. The study results show that BIM significantly improves information transparency among stakeholders, minimizes the risk of miscommunication, and accelerates the decision-making process through accurate and integrated data visualization. BIM models also facilitate the detection of potential conflicts, such as clashes between structural and MEP elements, before entering the physical construction phase, thereby reducing repair costs and delays. Furthermore, the use of BIM in IPD fosters a more collaborative work culture, where architects, engineers, and contractors can work together to solve problems quickly and effectively. Thus, BIM has proven to play a crucial role as a primary communication tool in IPD implementation, while also serving as a crucial foundation for achieving efficient, integrated, and high-quality construction project management.

This study examines the application of engineering professionalism and ethical conduct in the construction of Building X, focusing on the quality of both substructure and superstructure works. The research was conducted through field observation, interviews with project stakeholders, and literature review, analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. Several issues were identified on site, including bore pile misalignment, waterlogging due to excess soil accumulation, poor concrete quality (honeycomb), and work delays caused by reinforcement order errors and subcontractor replacement. The assessment of professionalism and ethics refers to the 2021 Indonesian Code of Ethics for Engineers. The findings indicate that several aspects of professionalism, such as supervisory decisiveness, technical responsibility, and proactive communication, were applied appropriately. However, deviations were also observed, particularly in planning, quality control, and safety implementation. The study recommends improved coordination between supervisors and contractors, technical training for workers, and stronger enforcement of ethical compliance to enhance the overall quality of construction outcomes.

Mitra Abadi Mahakam as a contractor operating at PT. Bukit Baiduri Energi's jobsite, especially in the Pit A9 area, faces operational challenges related to variations in haul road grades. Differences in road gradients on the overburden hauling route have the potential to cause significant differences in fuel consumption between dump truck units, which ultimately affects the overall efficiency of hauling activities. The study was conducted quantitatively with primary and secondary data requirements and through 3 stages. The study resulted in an average fuel consumption value in loaded conditions of 1.41 liters and in unloaded conditions of 0.18 liters. The average fuel ratio value in loaded conditions was 0.62 liters/second and in unloaded conditions of 0.32 liters/second. The cost of fuel consumption in loaded conditions was Rp. 4,972,800 ($301.92) and in unloaded conditions of Rp. 2,607,360 ($158.30)

Structural failure in construction projects is a critical issue that not only endangers public safety but also triggers legal consequences for parties involved. This study explores mechanical structural failure from technical, legal, and professional responsibility perspectives. Technically, structural failures are often caused by inadequate planning, poor-quality materials, and improper construction practices. Legally, the Indonesian Construction Services Law (Law No. 2 of 2017) and the Indonesian Criminal Code (KUHP) provide a foundation for holding parties accountable, both civilly and criminally, especially when failures result in significant losses or casualties. The research also discusses the roles and responsibilities of construction consultants and contractors. Consultants are responsible for accurate design and oversight, while contractors must ensure implementation aligns with technical specifications and safety standards. Any negligence or deviation from duties by either party can lead to legal liability. This paper emphasizes the importance of integrating technical diligence with legal compliance to ensure the success and safety of construction projects.

The principle of proportionality plays an important role in ensuring the balance of rights and obligations between the parties in a reciprocal agreement. In the context of Indonesian contract law, this principle functions as a mechanism to prevent inequality that can harm one of the parties, especially in commercial and complex contracts. As stated by Hernoko (2016), the application of the principle of proportionality in commercial contracts aims to create substantive justice through a balanced exchange of rights and obligations between the parties. This study uses a normative legal approach with a literature study method, which involves an analysis of related laws and regulations and case studies. This approach allows researchers to explore the application of the principle of proportionality in various types of reciprocal agreements, including franchise agreements and construction service contracts. For example, a study by Susanto et al. (2021)1 highlights how the principle of proportionality is applied in construction service contracts to ensure a fair distribution of responsibilities between contractors and clients. The results of the analysis show that consistent application of the principle of proportionality can improve justice in contractual relationships. In franchise agreements, for example, Rahmawan et al. (2020)2 found that the application of this principle helps create a balance between the rights and obligations of franchisors and franchisees, who often have different bargaining positions. Thus, the principle of proportionality functions not only as a legal principle, but also as a practical tool to achieve justice in contractual practices.

This research aims to explain the management control of public street lighting (PJU) in Tanjungpinang City. PJU is an important element in creating safety and comfort for the community in economic, social and traffic activities. However, not all areas in Tanjungpinang have been covered by PJU facilities, and many PJUs are damaged. This research uses the control theory by T. Hani Handoko (2010) which consists of 1) Feedforward control, 2) Concurrent control, and 3) Feedback control. The research method used is qualitative with data collection techniques of observation, interview, and documentation. The results showed that PJU management control in Tanjungpinang City was not optimal. In feedforward control, there are obstacles such as the lack of community participation in PJU development planning. In concurrent control, coordination between the community, the Housing, Settlement Areas, Cleanliness and Parks Office, consultants, PLN, and contractors has not been optimal. While in feedback control, the lack of community participation in reporting damage and maintenance of PJU is only done based on reports or surveys with priority on protocol roads. Routine supervision is limited due to limited human resources, and response to public complaints is slow. This study concludes that the improvement of PJU management requires good planning and active community participation.

A factory is an industrial building that designed for processing raw materials into products, such as Light Weight Brick Factory that produce light weight brick and other products. The construction of a Lightweight Brick Factory plays a significant role in fostering regional economic development. However, the construction process for this factory has faced several issues leading to delays. This study focuses on the delays encountered in the lightweight brick factory construction project in Lamongan, which had a planned completion timeline of 15 weeks and a contract value of IDR 1,835,474,186. By week 10, the project was delayed by -42.73%, followed by delays of -42.66% in week 11, -44.84% in week 12, -48.08% in week 13, -46.18% in week 14, and -44.68% in week 15 compared to the planned schedule. The project cost performance index (CPI) of 1.32 shows that the actual project costs are smaller than budgeted, The primary factor contributing to the delay was attributed to the contractor or vendor, who faced cash flow issues due to other ongoing challenges.

Factory is an Industrial Building that processing raw material. This Light Weight Brick Factory Constructions will help the region to develop their economies further. In this case, the Lightweight Brick Factory Constructions have several problem that cause construction delays. This research was carried out because of delays in the lightweight brick factory construction project in Lamongan which was scheduled for completion in the 15th week with a contract value of IDR 1,835,474,186. in week 10 there was a delay of - 42.73%, week 11 there was a delay of - 42.66%, week 12 there was a delay of - 44.84%, week 13 there was a delay of - 48.08%, week 14 have a delay of -46.18%, and week 15 have a delay of -44.68% from the planned schedule. The results of the research analysis of the project Schedule Performance Index (SPI) at the 15th week of review were 0.55, indicating that the project was have a delays. These results show that the project was 11 weeks late out of the planned 16 weeks. The factor that made the project late in completion was the contractor or vendor because there were other problems that created a lack of cash flow  

Occupational Safety and Health is a field related to the health, safety, and welfare of people working in an institution or at a project site. PT Rindang Tigasatu Pratama is a company engaged in the construction services sector that has been established since 1980 in Kotabumi, North Lampung Regency. The Kalianda Convention Hall construction project is one of the projects carried out by PT Rindang Tigasatu Pratama as a contractor. The results of the observation showed that only 43% of the 44 workers always wore helmets. The use of safety vests was even lower, at 27%. As many as 68% of workers always wore boots. For gloves, only 30% of workers consistently used them. On the other hand, all workers showed a high awareness of the importance of ensuring safe working conditions to ensure safety and smooth work. These findings highlight the need for further efforts to increase awareness and comfort in the use of personal protective equipment among construction workers.

This study aims to analyze the suitability between the type of road damage and the budget costs incurred on provincial roads in the Madura region. The research method used road condition survey and questionnaire distribution to contractors, consultants, budget users, and local communities. Data analysis was done descriptively qualitatively, including the type, volume, and location of road damage. The results showed that the three most common types of road damage were cracks, potholes and raveling. The total area of damage identified was 261.95 m², with a repair cost of Rp 57,586,900. This research emphasizes the importance of detailed road defect analysis and appropriate budget allocation to improve repair efficiency and support the region's economic activity. The findings conclude that detailed road defect analysis and budget efficiency can improve road quality and support mobility and economy in the Madura region. The results provide a basis for local governments to plan road infrastructure improvements more effectively and efficiently.

Transparency in the management of upstream oil and gas contracts in Indonesia is crucial to ensure the efficient and accountable management of natural resources. The two main contract schemes applied, Cost Recovery and Gross Split, each face challenges related to transparency. In the Cost Recovery scheme, transparency issues are related to the verification of costs submitted by contractors, while in the Gross Split scheme, transparency is needed in determining objective production-sharing parameters. Digital technology emerges as a solution to improve accountability, but its implementation requires strong regulatory support and infrastructure investment. The principle of good faith between the government and contractors is also a key factor in achieving effective transparency. Strengthening the capacity of SKK Migas as the regulatory body and ensuring information openness to the public are essential to building trust and creating sustainable management.