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This study aims to analyze and visualize the distribution of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia throughout 2020 with a spatial-based quantitative approach. The data used was obtained from the official report of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia as of December 30, 2020, including the number of confirmed cases, recovered, and died. The analysis was carried out by integrating clustering methods and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) using Quantum GIS (QGIS) software. The visualization results show significant spatial variations between provinces, where provinces with high population density such as DKI Jakarta, West Java, East Java, and Central Java are recorded as areas with the highest caseload. In addition, areas with limited health facilities also show a high potential risk of transmission and death. Cluster patterns of positive and cured cases generally show similarities, while mortality rates show spatial inequalities that are important to look at. These findings emphasize the importance of spatial data integration in area-based policy planning for pandemic control. Spatial visualization not only facilitates understanding of distribution patterns, but also supports more effective and targeted decision-making.

Digital transformation in the sales function has become a critical strategic element in facing the challenges of the digital era. This study aims to explore how companies’ managerial practices in managing digital sales transformation compare to existing prescriptive frameworks. Using a survey approach of 540 sales managers from the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy, and a cluster analysis based on five key dimensions—strategic clarity, sales force replacement, sales force empowerment, implementation actions, and key performance indicators—this study identifies four typologies of companies: Digital Sales Transformation Leaders, Laggards, Enablers, and Replacers. The results show that the success of digital transformation is influenced by a combination of strategic clarity, targeted use of technology, and a focus on customer value creation. This study provides a practical contribution in the form of a taxonomy that can be used as an evaluative and strategic tool for companies in designing and implementing effective digital sales transformation.