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Eco-enzymes are liquid products resulting from the fermentation of organic wastes such as fruit and vegetable wastes, sugar, and water. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of eco-enzymes as liquid organic fertilizers using organic waste from orange and pineapple peels. In the experimental design, he used a completely randomized design with three replicates of three organic waste compositions. The treatments used are pineapple peel, orange peel, and a mixture of pineapple and orange peel. Ecoenzyme is prepared by mixing organic waste with water and molasses in a ratio of 10: 3: 1 and fermenting it for 30, 60 and 90 days. The results showed that the composition of pineapple and orange peel produced an eco-enzyme solution with the highest nitrogen content, highest amylase enzyme activity, and highest acidic pH. The color of eco-enzyme varies from light brown to dark brown, and the resulting sour aroma indicates that the fermentation process is progressing smoothly.

Vegetative propagation is a crucial technique in horticultural cultivation aimed at improving plant quality and productivity. This study explores budding in citrus (Citrus spp.) and grafting in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) as methods of plant propagation. Budding involves attaching buds from superior varieties to compatible rootstocks, whereas grafting unites scions and rootstocks to obtain desirable traits. The research was conducted at the Horticulture Seed Center, observing the growth and success of plant unions. The results demonstrate that both techniques effectively enhance plant quality, with budding showing faster results in citrus and grafting improving avocado resilience to environmental conditions. This study provides guidance for farmers to select optimal propagation methods tailored to their plants' specific needs.

Escherichia coli is a bacterium that typically resides as a normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. However, certain strains of E. coli can cause infections in humans. Therefore, antibiotics are needed to inhibit the growth of these infection-causing bacteria. The increasing cases of antibiotic resistance in E. coli necessitate alternative therapies, including the use of natural substances. In West Kalimantan, one potential source is the Pontianak Orange (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa). This plant contains secondary metabolites that can be used for medicinal purposes, such as the juice extract. The compounds within these secondary metabolites possess antimicrobial properties that could be used as antibacterials. To determine the antibacterial potential of Pontianak Orange juice (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) against Escherichia coli. This study utilized an experimental design featuring a post-test only group design. Phytochemical analysis indicated that Pontianak Orange juice (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) contains phenolics (+), alkaloids (+), and terpenoids (++). Antibacterial activity testing at all concentrations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) showed no inhibition zones. The juice of Pontianak Orange (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) did not show antibacterial effects against the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.

Background: Menstrual pain in the world is very high, 50% of women worldwide, Bulgaria 8.8%, Finland 94% while Indonesia 64.25%. Menstrual pain causes short and long term adverse effects including interference with daily activities and even an increase in absenteeism at the campus, long-term effects cause tissue growth outside the uterus. Menstrual pain can be treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. One of the non-pharmacological therapies is inhaling lemon aromatherapy. Limeone contains lots of vitamin C which will control prostaglandins and reduce pain. Objective: To describe the results before and after the application of lemon aromatherapy on reducing menstrual pain. Methods: Case study with descriptive design on 2 respondents who were given lemon aromatherapy for 15 minutes twice a day for 2 days, and measured using Numeric Rating Scale. Results: After lemon aromatherapy was performed on both respondents with menstrual pain, it showed a decrease in the pain scale from moderate pain to mild pain. Conclusion: The application of lemon aromatherapy can reduce menstrual pain in female students from moderate to mild

Plants have several ways to protect themselves from bacteria, one of which is by producing compounds that are toxic or repellent to bacteria. Compounds produced by plants are known as secondary metabolite compounds which originate from secondary metabolic processes. Several secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids and terpenoids are currently widely used as antibacterials. One of the plants that has the potential to be developed as a herbal medicine is kaffir lime leaves. Citrus hystrix is ​​the part of the plant most often used by the public. Both for cooking and traditional medicine purposes. In this research, it is hoped that lime peel extract can act as an antibacterial for Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aereus, so that it can be used as a herbal plant for diseases caused by these two bacteria. In the research, the concentrations used for each test bacteria were 50%; 25%; 12.5%. in observing S. aureus bacteria 1x24 hours with a concentration of 50%, the size of the inhibitory zone was 16 mm, the 25% concentration was 11 mm and the 12.5% ​​concentration was 9 mm. Meanwhile, E. Coli bacteria did not show any reaction to the heruk peel extract.

Plants have several ways to protect themselves from bacteria, one of which is by producing compounds that are toxic or repellent to bacteria. Compounds produced by plants are known as secondary metabolite compounds which originate from secondary metabolic processes. Several secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids and terpenoids are currently widely used as antibacterials. One of the plants that has the potential to be developed as a herbal medicine is kaffir lime leaves. Citrus hystrix is ​​the part of the plant most often used by the public. Both for cooking and traditional medicine purposes. In this research, it is hoped that lime peel extract can act as an antibacterial for Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aereus, so that it can be used as a herbal plant for diseases caused by these two bacteria. In the research, the concentrations used for each test bacteria were 50%; 25%; 12.5%. in observing S. aureus bacteria 1x24 hours with a concentration of 50%, the size of the inhibitory zone was 16 mm, the 25% concentration was 11 mm and the 12.5% ​​concentration was 9 mm. Meanwhile, E. Coli bacteria did not show any reaction to the heruk peel extract.

This study aims to identify the length of storage and consumer acceptance of complementary foods, namely chili sauce matah which has been given a percentage of mayonnaise as much as 10%, 20% and 30%. And this fusion food chili sauce is called mayo-matah. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. This research was conducted at Kitcheroo Café. The samples of this study were 4 Culinary Education Expert Panelists and 30 Kitcheroo Cafe Customers using the data statistical analysis method, namely the Friedman test. The Friedmen test is used because the data in this study are categorical and it is more appropriate to use non-parametric statistical tests. seen all aspects (lemongrass aroma, citrus leaf aroma, creamy texture, acidity level and spiciness level) and aspects of the level of preference for consumer acceptance. The results of the validation test stated that there was an influence on the creamy texture aspect and the level of spiciness in the mayo-matah sauce which was given a percentage of mayonnaise as much as 10%, 20%, and 30%.    

One of the families of the Rutaceae family is the orange. But only three categories are mandarin, big orange, and lemon orange that are considered genuine orange. Citrus aurantifolia, lemon (Citrus limon L.), and lemon orange (Citrus jambhiri) are cross-fruit fruits of the original orange. The purpose of this research is to find out the variety of species and morphology of citrus plants (Citrus sp) that are in the Jabong region, Subang, West Java. The methods used in this research include field surveys, qualitative methods and descriptive methods of morphological analysis to determine existing species and varieties. Research results show that the Subang region has a significant diversity of the Citrus sp. family, with the discovery of several species such as Citrus aurantiifolia, Citrus limon, and Citrus jambhiri. (jeruk limau). Morphological analysis reveals variations in the size, shape, and color of the fruit. Such diversity demonstrates the great potential to produce superior orange cultivars of high commercial value and environmental adaptability to local conditions.    

This study analyzes the use of deep learning, primarily Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), to categorize various types of citrus fruits. The study attempts to create an automated system that can accurately categorize citrus fruit kinds using image processing techniques. The collection contains 40 photos of four different citrus fruit types: pomelo, mandarin orange, kaffir lime, and lime. The methodology entails gathering photos, preprocessing them to improve quality, and then training a CNN model to classify the fruit varieties. The results show a high accuracy rate of 95% in classifying fruit types, demonstrating that the CNN model is effective for this task. The findings indicate that increasing the dataset and including other fruit species could significantly boost the system's accuracy.

The development of image processing technology today can create systems that are able to effectively recognize digital images, one of which is in the field of agriculture for plant disease identification. Citrus plants experience a decrease in productivity due to pathogen attacks on leaves such as Black Spot, Cancer, and CVDP so that disease identification is needed. The classification method that can be used to classify images is the K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithm because it is simple and has high accuracy in image management. This study aims to implement and determine the performance of the K-NN algorithm in identifying citrus plant diseases based on leaf images. This research uses a dataset from the Kaggle website of 1,096 images. There are 12 research scenarios using the comparison between test data and training data as much as 4, namely (90% training data + 10% test data, 80% training data + 20% test data, 70% training data + 30% test data, 60% training data + 40% test data) and testing with 3 random state values (42, 32, 22). The results showed that the K-NN algorithm is very effective in identifying citrus plant diseases with the highest accuracy value in the 90% training data scenario and 10% test data with a value of K = 2 which is 98.5%.

The study was conducted on Sunday, June 09, 2024 in order to inventory and also identify plants that have potential as herbal plants in the thick of stone fruit in Bandung City, West Java province. this study aims to determine the types of plants that can be used as a natural traditional medicine. This study was conducted by going around the garden and identifying some of those identified using the PlantNet application, collecting data, and calculating the number of individuals, Diversity Index, dominance, evenness, and also wealth.From the results obtained as many as 14 plants that have the potential to become herbal plants, namely: Citrus aurantifolia, Mannihot esculenta, Carica papaya lin, Persea americana Mill, Aloe sp., Curcuma longa, Moringa olifera L., Cymbopogan nardus L., Magnifera indica L., Piper betle, Manilkara zapota (L), Artocarpus heterophyllus, Polyscias scutellaria, Solanum torvum Swartz.    

The lime plant with the Latin name Citrus Aurantifolia is a plant that grows widely in Indonesia. Lime can also be used as a cough medicine, phlegm buster, influenza medicine, acne medicine and many more. Apart from using natural materials, we also use fish scale waste. Milkfish scales contain 0.3% collagen. The collagen content can be used as anti-aging for the skin. To find out the stability test of the peel off gel mask, a combination of milkfish scales and lime, meets the criteria parameters for cosmetic preparations. The formulation of the peel off gel mask was carried out by modifying the formula into 3 (three) formulas with different concentrations of the extract to be used, namely F1 (1%), F2 (3%) and F3 (5%). This research began with collecting simplicia, extraction, making a peel-off gel mask and stability testing. The stability tests carried out were organoleptic, pH, dry preparation time and spreadability. In accordance with SNI masks 16-6070-1999. The stability test of the preparation was determined by storing the preparation for 21 days at different temperatures. The stability test is based on looking at the changes that occur starting from day 1 to day 21 of storage. The test results of the three peel-off gel mask formulations showed that the three temperatures on day 21 experienced changes in test parameters. The research results were analyzed using the SPSS Anova method.