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This study examines the determinants of the Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) based on three main macroeconomic factors namely inflation, the USD/IDR exchange rate, and the SBI interest rate (BI Rate) covering the period January 2020 to December 2025, in the context of post-COVID-19 pandemic recovery and global economic turmoil. A quantitative approach was employed using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, with 72 monthly observations derived from secondary data sourced from official institutions including Bank Indonesia (BI), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), and the Financial Services Authority (OJK). Classical assumption tests were applied comprising the Jarque-Bera normality test, Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) for multicollinearity, Breusch-Godfrey for autocorrelation, White Test for heteroscedasticity, and Ramsey RESET for model specification. Partially, inflation, exchange rate, and BI Rate each demonstrate a positive and significant effect on the JCI (p < 0.05). Simultaneously, all three variables exert a significant combined influence on the JCI, with a coefficient of determination R² = 0.4414, indicating that the model explains 44.14% of the variation in the JCI. The remaining 55.86% is attributed to other variables outside the model. Classical assumption test results reveal violations of normality, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity assumptions, although the model is free from multicollinearity. These findings confirm that Bank Indonesia's monetary policy has a significant and measurable impact on capital market performance. Further research is recommended using more advanced time series models such as GARCH or VECM to address violations of classical assumptions and improve estimation efficiency.

Sugarcane plays crucial and strategic role in the economy as the primary raw material for sugar production, thus ensuring proper procurement of sugarcane in the production process is crucial for smooth and successful production. This study aims to determine the management of sugarcane procurement and the constraints faced in meeting the demand for sugarcane at the Madukismo Sugar Factory in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The basic method is descriptive. The location was determined intentionally at the Madukismo Sugar Factory in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, research was conducted from December 22, 2021, to January 15, 2022. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data collection methods included observation, interviews, and recording. The data analysis method was descriptive. The results of the study indicate that the procurement mechanisms for sugarcane include: factory capacity, planting area, planting schedule, and cutting schedule. Sugarcane planting is carried out in stages, starting from May to December, through partnership plantations and smallholder plantations. Harvesting and delivery of sugarcane to the Madukismo Sugar Factory are carried out in stages to prevent stockpiling of raw materials. Cutting is scheduled according to the harvest schedule, as the sugarcane harvest period is 12 months. Excess sugarcane raw materials at the Madukismo sugar factory will be processed the following day. Obstacles affecting the procurement of sugarcane raw materials at the Madukismo sugar factory include cutting labor, transportation, and the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused difficulties providing harvesting labor, resulting in delayed raw material delivery to the sugar factory in 2020 and 2021.

Covid-19 referral hospitals were studied and it was found that their operational costs had increased. However, their income had actually decreased. This was because there were not many general patients. In addition, asset utilisation was also hampered by the Covid-19 pandemic, which affected the economy. This study sought to find out whether there had been an increase or decrease due to Covid-19. The study used a quantitative method, namely calculating the effectiveness and efficiency ratios. This study uses a descriptive method. The results will be explained in detail. This study compares the conditions before and during Covid-19. The results show that effectiveness in 2019 was 114%. Then, in 2023, it rose to 128%, or an increase of 14%. Meanwhile, efficiency in 2019 was 88%. In 2023, it was 107%. This means there was a decrease of 19%. In conclusion, the budget was well prepared and very effective in 2019 and 2023. However, the use of operational costs during Covid-19 was less efficient. From being quite efficient in 2019, it became inefficient in 2023.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on the sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), including those in Lapadde Subdistrict, Parepare City. This study aims to identify the recovery strategies implemented by MSME actors during the 2022–2025 period, as well as the factors that support and hinder the recovery process. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with the study conducted in Lapadde Subdistrict on December 1, 2025. The sample consisted of five MSME actors selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and were then analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. The findings indicate that MSME actors have implemented recovery strategies such as product diversification, utilization of digital media, and cost efficiency, supported by local government programs. The main obstacles include limited capital and low digital literacy. Overall, MSME recovery is progressing positively but still requires continuous assistance and more equitable access to information to ensure sustainability.

The phenomenon of burnout has evolved into a significant occupational health problem with a prevalence reaching 82% across various global work sectors, especially post-COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify and analyze the causal factors of burnout through a systematic literature review approach using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature search was conducted on four main electronic databases yielding 309 articles which were then selected down to 10 high-quality articles meeting inclusion criteria for the 2021-2025 publication period. Synthesis results indicate that burnout is a multidimensional phenomenon influenced by complex interactions between organizational and individual factors. Dominant organizational factors include work overload, lack of managerial support, unsafe working conditions, and resource inadequacy with burnout prevalence ranging from 17-94%. Individual factors encompass demographic characteristics, coping strategies, resilience, and internal psychological conflicts that serve as moderator variables. Job satisfaction and work meaningfulness function as mediator variables connecting organizational conditions with burnout outcomes. These findings provide theoretical contributions in understanding burnout etiology and can practically serve as a foundation for developing evidence-based preventive interventions to reduce burnout prevalence in work environments.

This study investigates the influence of financial literacy, entrepreneurship training, and financial inclusion on the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through business sustainability. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) examines the impact of financial literacy, entrepreneurship training, and financial inclusion on MSME performance through business sustainability mediation by synthesizing empirical data from 12 research (2020–2025) across Scopus and Web of Science. Positive direct effects on sustainability (financial literacy via budgeting/risk management; training via adaptive resilience; inclusiveness via digital access) and performance metrics like profitability/growth are confirmed by results using the PRISMA 2020 flow.  Amid obstacles like financial access restrictions and COVID-19 disruptions, business sustainability appears as a crucial mediator, linking these factors to improved MSME results in developing contexts (Africa, Indonesia). Practical implications compel policymakers to give integrated literacy programs, contextual training, and inclusive finance top priority. Theoretical contributions combine financial literacy, entrepreneurial learning, and sustainability ideas into a holistic mediation model. The results highlight the importance of integrating financial education, entrepreneurial skill development, and inclusive financial systems to strengthen MSME resilience and competitiveness. This study provides practical implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and support organisations in designing effective interventions that foster sustainable business growth. The research also contributes theoretically by confirming the mediating role of business sustainability in the relationship between financial literacy, entrepreneurship training, financial inclusion, and MSME performance. Future studies may expand these insights by examining additional contextual factors such as digital technology adoption and business networking that further support sustainable MSME development.

This research investigates integrated maritime workforce resilience and mental health management frameworks addressing post-pandemic seafarer wellbeing challenges and organizational safety culture transformation. Through qualitative analysis involving 39 stakeholders including seafarers, ship operators, mental health professionals, maritime unions, training institutions, and maritime authorities, this study examines how COVID-19 pandemic intensified mental health crises through extended contracts, shore leave restrictions, and isolation while exposing systemic inadequacies in psychological support systems. Results demonstrate that comprehensive mental health frameworks can reduce psychological distress by 55-70%, improve safety performance by 40-55%, enhance crew retention by 45-60%, and decrease incident rates by 35-50% when integrating organizational culture change, leadership competency development, predictive analytics, and culturally-adapted interventions. Key challenges include mental health stigma (affecting 65-80% of seafarers), limited organizational investment (only 18-25% adequate), service accessibility gaps, and workforce demographic diversity requiring culturally-sensitive approaches. Findings reveal that effective mental health management requires systemic organizational transformation integrating psychological wellbeing into safety management systems, work design optimization, family support programs, and career sustainability rather than treating mental health as peripheral welfare concern, supporting maritime industry's workforce retention and operational safety imperatives.

This community service program aims to provide management assistance to micro and small batik industries in optimizing digital platform and social media-based marketing. This allows these micro and small batik industry players to reach a wider network and ensure their business sustainability in the future after the pandemic. This community service program uses a qualitative descriptive approach, which aims to capture the real-world conditions related to the management of batik industry players in Mojokerto. This mentoring program was attended by micro and small batik industry players, primarily small and craft industries, including 10 batik artisans and industry managers residing in Mojokerto. The mentoring method was implemented through four stages: a) identifying mentoring needs for micro and small batik industry players, b) selecting management literacy priorities, c) designing a management literacy mentoring program, and d) implementing the management mentoring program for micro and small batik industries. The management mentoring program indicates that micro and small batik industry players require ongoing marketing and business development management mentoring. After entering the COVID-19 pandemic, batik industry players in Mojokerto have not been able to recover to pre-COVID-19 levels in 2019. The management mentoring program includes four stages: a) delivering material on the role of management, business sustainability, business problems, and formulating solutions; b) identifying relevant management problems discussed in a focus group discussion; c) mentoring on marketing aspects and optimizing the role of cooperatives within batik industry groups; d) mentoring on business sustainability management through digital business optimization. Through this structured management mentoring program, micro and small batik industry players will be able to improve their management and business management.

The purpose of writing this article is to find out and strengthen character and moral formation through the application of Pancasila values in children, where in this era of digital media development, the moral development of children whose daily lives are closely related to the digital world is greatly influenced. The method used in this research is qualitative, based on a literature study technique that collects a lot of information from previous research. The results of this study indicate that the application of Pancasila in the formation of children's morals and character should be more applied and realized in every action and daily action to become a good citizen in the future. So that the younger generation can go down in the community field, have ethics, morals, character, manners in the life of the state. Therefore, it is very necessary to apply the values of Pancasila in a child in the pandemic era to improve the character and morals of the nation's children.

The utilization of Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia has an important role in encouraging digitalization of transactions and improving financial recording and reporting. The background of this study is the need for MSMEs to adapt to the development of digital payment technology, especially in the midst of accelerated digitization triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although QRIS provides various benefits, such as ease of transactions and automatic recording, there are still a number of obstacles such as limited digital literacy, uneven infrastructure, and concerns related to cybersecurity, especially in remote areas. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach to SMEs that have adopted QRIS in several regions in Indonesia. Data were collected through field observations, and documentation studies related to the use of QRIS in business activities. Data analysis was conducted thematically to explore in-depth understanding of the experiences, challenges, and benefits felt by MSME actors in the use of QRIS. The results showed that QRIS makes it easier for MSMEs to process payments and automatic digital transaction recording, thereby increasing the accuracy and transparency of financial statements. However, limited access to electricity, digital devices, and digital security literacy are significant barriers to optimal implementation of QRIS. The security aspect of digital transactions is an important concern for MSMEs, who need further education and technical support. Thus, strengthening digital literacy, improving infrastructure, and strict cybersecurity regulations are urgently needed to encourage wider and inclusive adoption of QRIS among MSMEs in Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the influence of profitability as proxied by Return on Equity (ROE), solvency as proxied by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and liquidity as proxied by Current Ratio (CR) on firm value as proxied by Price to Book Value (PBV) in the Indonesian food and beverage sector. The study focuses on the 2019-2023 period, a timeframe uniquely defined by the economic disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic and its initial recovery phase. The research method employed is a quantitative approach using multiple linear regression analysis. The sample consists of 10 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), selected through a purposive sampling technique, resulting in 50 firm-year observations. The results indicate that both partially and simultaneously, the variables of profitability, solvency, and liquidity have a significant positive influence on firm value. This finding suggests that during a period of systemic crisis, the capital market places a valuation premium on companies that can demonstrate holistic and comprehensive signals of financial health. The novelty of this research lies in its contextualization of the dynamic role of financial ratios as crucial signals amidst an unprecedented economic shock. This study provides an empirical explanation for why investors prioritized stability and resilience, thereby reconciling conflicting findings in prior literature regarding the impact of liquidity on firm value.

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a significant transformation of performing arts in Aceh, particularly through Taman Budaya Aceh, which shifted its stage activities into digital formats. This study aims to describe the processes of digital mediation, changes in production formats, audience engagement patterns, and the archival function of cultural performances through Taman Budaya Aceh’s official YouTube channel. Using a qualitative descriptive case study design, the research analyzed 12 performance videos produced and uploaded between 2020–2022 through visual and narrative analysis. The findings reveal three key aspects: first, the shift from offline to online production created a new aesthetic based on camera work and editing; second, audiences transformed into mediatized participants through comments, likes, and replays; third, digital platforms functioned as cultural repositories, expanding access and strengthening the preservation of performances. These findings highlight that digitalization of performing arts is not merely an emergency response, but an integral part of constructing a sustainable arts ecosystem in the digital disruption era.

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease that poses a current threat. Public non-compliance with health protocols can negatively impact COVID-19 transmission. A person's behavior significantly impacts their health. The design of this research is quantitative descriptive with Cross Sectional design, the population in the study is all productive-age Banda Aceh residents totaling 252,899 people and the sample in this study totaling 399 people who have met the inclusion criteria with Accidental Sampling technique using statistical analysis of the t-test (paired-samples t test) and One Way Anova Repeated Measure Test using the Stata 14 program. The results of the study show that there are significant changes in community behavior after 2 years of the Covid-19 pandemic for 3 time periods (the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic (2020), 1 year ago (2021) and currently (2022)) related to the 5M Health Protocol (p-value 0.0000), Barriers to Mask Use (p-value 0.0000), Information Related to Handling Covid-19 (p-value 0.0001), Perception (p-value 0.0000), Attitude (p-value 0.0000, and Behavior Towards Covid-19 (p-value 0.0000). However, the t-test results showed no significant change in community behavior in the Attitude variable between 1 year ago (2021) and now (2022) (p-value 0.8997) and in the Information Regarding Handling of Covid-19 variable between the beginning of the pandemic (2020) and now (2022) (p-value 0.3048). The most dominant change in community behavior after 2 years of the Covid-19 pandemic was in the 5M Health Protocol variable, in the period 1 year ago (2021) and now (2022), with a p-value of 0.0000 and a difference of 3.24. It is hoped that the community will continue to strive to improve their health behavior, so that the level of public health is maintained, and hopefully we are truly free from the Covid-19 pandemic

This study aims to analyze the financial health of PT Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk during the 2019–2023 period using eight financial ratios based on the Indonesian Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) Decree No. KEP-100/MBU/2002. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method with secondary data derived from annual financial reports published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the company’s official website. The findings reveal that Garuda Indonesia’s financial condition fluctuated, categorized as less healthy in 2019, deteriorated into unhealthy during 2020–2021 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and showed limited recovery in 2022–2023, returning to the less healthy category. The main weaknesses were observed in profitability, liquidity, and solvency, while activity ratios remained relatively sound. This study highlights that Garuda’s financial problems were driven not only by external shocks from the pandemic but also by internal factors such as high debt burden and weak governance. The results are expected to contribute academically by enriching the literature on SOE financial health analysis in the post-pandemic context and provide practical implications for management, policymakers, and investors.

E-learning has become a vital pillar in higher education, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic forced a sudden shift towards digital learning methods. This article examines the effectiveness of e-learning platforms through a comparative literature review (2020–2025), focusing on Moodle, Google Classroom, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, and CIDOS 4.0 as the local platform. The study evaluates aspects of student engagement, accessibility, assessment, and technological innovation. Findings reveal that although e-learning enhances flexibility, challenges remain in terms of the digital divide, system usability, and reliability of assessment. This review highlights that Moodle provides strong interactive and assessment features, while Google Classroom offers simplicity and accessibility but lacks advanced analytics. Microsoft Teams supports collaboration and integration with Office 365, yet requires stable internet. Zoom is highly effective for synchronous interaction but less suitable for task management. CIDOS 4.0 addresses Malaysia’s TVET context but continues to face issues with server stability and user interface design. Beyond platform-specific strengths and weaknesses, the analysis emphasizes that student engagement, fair access, and reliable evaluation methods are central to e-learning effectiveness. Hybrid approaches that combine face-to-face and online learning are identified as the most effective strategy within the Malaysian higher education context. The study concludes that institutions must not only choose appropriate platforms but also enhance digital literacy, invest in infrastructure, and explore innovations such as AI and gamification. These measures can maximize e-learning’s potential to improve teaching, learning quality, and the broader digital transformation of higher education.

In recent years, rapid advancements in digital technology have significantly transformed global healthcare delivery. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a catalyst, accelerating the integration of information technology into healthcare systems, particularly through the increased adoption of telemedicine. In the field of internal medicine, which often involves long-term care and management of chronic illnesses, telemedicine presents a promising solution to enhance service accessibility, improve care efficiency, and sustain favorable clinical outcomes. This study aims to conduct a narrative review to explore the impact of telemedicine on patient clinical outcomes, healthcare worker workload, and healthcare system efficiency within internal medicine practice. The review is based on an analysis of peer-reviewed literature published between 2020 and 2025, sourced from major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Article selection was based on relevance to the topics of telemedicine and internal medicine, contextual applicability, and full-text availability. The findings of the review reveal that telemedicine contributes positively by expanding access to care, reducing travel time and logistical barriers for patients, accelerating clinical response times, and decreasing patient congestion in healthcare facilities. These outcomes are particularly beneficial for patients with chronic conditions who require regular monitoring and consistent communication with healthcare providers. However, the implementation of telemedicine also introduces new challenges, including increased administrative responsibilities and digital workload for healthcare professionals. The study underscores the importance of equipping healthcare systems with adequate digital infrastructure, implementing supportive and flexible policies, and providing comprehensive training for healthcare workers. These measures are crucial to ensure the successful and sustainable adoption of telemedicine in internal medicine. Overall, telemedicine holds strong potential to reshape the future of internal medicine, provided that its integration is strategically managed to balance technological advancement with human-centered care.

Research on national banking using the Altman’s Z-Score analysis technique has been relatively extensive, but studies focusing specifically on banks indexed to SRI-KEHATI remain limited. The SRI-KEHATI Index is known as a benchmark for companies with strong sustainability, social responsibility, and good governance practices. This study aims to analyze the health trends of banks listed in the SRI-KEHATI Index during the 2015–2024 period by applying the second modified Altman’s Z-Score model (1993), which is widely recognized as a reliable indicator for assessing a company’s financial stability and risk of bankruptcy. The findings indicate that the overall Altman’s Z-Score trend of major banks within the SRI-KEHATI Index shows stability and a consistently healthy financial condition throughout 2015–2023. However, in 2024 there is a notable decline that requires further examination to determine whether it is caused by market fluctuations, structural challenges, or accounting adjustments. Despite this decrease, the overall financial health of the banks remains categorized as very good according to Altman’s model. The average Z-Score for all four banks analyzed is 6.457, which is well above the threshold of 2.6, indicating no significant bankruptcy risk. When evaluated individually, BMRI stands out as the healthiest with a Z-Score of 13.879, followed by BBNI with 5.971, BBRI with 3.175, and BBCA with 2.801. These results confirm that all four banks remain in a safe financial zone during the 2015–2024 period. Furthermore, the study’s four hypotheses are proven, reinforcing the argument that SRI-KEHATI indexed banks maintain strong financial resilience even amid post-Covid-19 challenges.

This study investigates the monetary transmission mechanisms influencing inflation and exchange rates across seven Southeast Asian countries (Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) over the period 2010–2023, with special focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research addresses the problem of macroeconomic instability, particularly the volatility in inflation and currency values during crisis periods, and aims to identify the dominant monetary factors affecting these indicators. The study employs a mixed quantitative approach using Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR), Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), and Paired Sample t-Test to analyze the short-term and long-term relationships among key variables: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), investment, money supply (M2), interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates. Findings reveal that GDP is the most influential factor impacting both inflation and exchange rates, followed by money supply and interest rates. The variance decomposition analysis confirms that these monetary variables significantly explain macroeconomic fluctuations in both pre- and post-pandemic contexts. The t-Test further indicates statistically significant changes in inflation and exchange rates before and after the pandemic, highlighting the disruptive effect of COVID-19 on economic stability. The results demonstrate that inflation declined significantly in most countries during the pandemic, while exchange rate behavior varied depending on economic resilience and policy responsiveness. The study concludes that maintaining macroeconomic stability requires not only monetary policy coordination but also effective public health crisis management. This research contributes to the regional policy discourse by offering empirical insights and evidence-based recommendations to strengthen economic resilience in Southeast Asia.

This study aims to analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of mandatory spending in the management of regional expenditure in the education sector in 35 districts/cities in Central Java Province for the 2019–2022 fiscal year. Mandatory spending is an obligation to allocate at least 20% of the APBD for education, as regulated in national regulations. Efficiency is measured by the Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) method using an output-oriented approach and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) assumptions, where an area is said to be efficient if its efficiency score = 1. Meanwhile, effectiveness is assessed based on the comparison of output and outcomes, and is said to be effective when it reaches a percentage of 90–100%. The results show that there is a disparity between regions. Only Klaten Regency and Semarang City have shown perfect efficiency for four consecutive years. However, none of the areas achieved perfect effectiveness throughout the study period. The COVID-19 pandemic has also affected the dynamics of education budget realization, which has an impact on achieving efficiency and effectiveness. These findings provide strategic implications for local governments in developing education budget policies that are more optimal and oriented towards improving the quality of human resources.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Komitmen dan Kecerdasan Spiritual terhadap Service Quality. Disamping itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh variabel intervening Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) pada hubungan antara Komitmen dan Kecerdasan Spiritual terhadap Service Quality. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 145 anggota Satgas Covid-19 Kecamatan Bodeh Kabupaten Pemalang. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan dengan teknik sensus sampling. Penelitian ini memberikan hasil bahwa: Komitmen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap service quality; kecerdasan spiritual berpengaruh positif terhadap service quality; Organizational Citizenship Behaviour memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap service quality; OCB tidak memiliki pengaruh memediasi hubungan antara komitmen terhadap service qualitysecara; OCB tidak memiliki pengaruh memdiasi hubungan antara kecerdasan spiritual terhadap service quality.