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Human happiness does not lie in physical pleasure, victory, wealth, honour, worldly power, a beautiful body, or the senses. People in religious communities seek something deeper, contemplating and acknowledging the highest value in union with God. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Contra Gentiles, arguments that human happiness lies in the contemplation of God, through which one attains peace and fulfilment in total self-surrender to God. However, in the lived experience of religious communities, a fear of matters related to sexuality is evident. Indeed, some misunderstand and misinterpret these matters, resulting in monks and nuns who become cold, dry, and rigid, acting in ways that violate sexual morality, thereby disrupting or even destroying—their ministry due to such improper conduct. Based on this, the author recognises the importance of education and the appreciation of sexual values for religious communities. Using a literature review method involving relevant books, journals, articles, and Church documents with a theological approach, it was found that the education of religious people requires aspects of happiness and sexuality education. The results of the study indicate that Thomas Aquinas’s concept of happiness can bridge religious life with sexuality education, which is one aspect that must be understood and lived out. Therefore, the happiness of love and the sexuality education of religious people need to be explored and lived out in the course of living and experiencing life as a religious person.

Increased caffeine intake is commonly used by students to cope with academic demands, especially during examinations and the completion of final projects. Excessive caffeine consumption may affected sleep quality and potentially influence nutritional status. This study aimed to determine the correlation between caffeine intake, sleep disturbances, and nutritional status among final – year unsergarduated students at Dr. Soekardjo University. This study used quantitative approach with an observational analytic and cross-sectinal design. A total of 108 students participated in the study. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlations test. The findings indicated that the most of respondents with low caffeine intake experienced mild sleep disturbances, totaling 56 respondents (80%). Meanwhile, respondents with moderate and high caffeine intake mostly experienced moderated sleep disturbances, with 13 respondents (61.9%) and 9 respondents (52.9%), respectively. The results showed a significant correlation between caffeine intake and sleep disturbances (p-value=0.000). In all categories of caffeine intake, most respondents had normal nutritional status. However, no significant relationship was found between caffeine intake and nutritional status (p-value=0.351). In conclusion, caffeine intake was associated with sleep disturbances but not with nutritional status among final-year undergraduate students.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between self-compassion and self-objectification among female TikTok users in Jambi City. The study used a quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional design. A total of 218 female students in Jambi City aged 18–25 years who actively use TikTok were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) adapted into Indonesian (Skala Welas Diri) and the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS). Data analysis used the Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The results showed a significant negative relationship between self-compassion and self-objectification (r = -0.216; p = 0.001). The higher the self-compassion, the lower the tendency for self-objectification. The majority of respondents had moderate to high levels of self-compassion, while self-objectification was in the moderate category. The duration of TikTok use of more than 2 hours per day was associated with a higher tendency for self-objectification. These findings confirm the role of self-compassion as a protective factor against self-objectification in the context of visual-based social media use.

This research aims to analyze the implications of the transition in lease accounting standards to PSAK 73 on tax efficiency levels and net income structures within the retail industry, focusing on PT Mitra Adiperkasa Tbk as case studies. Employing a descriptive quantitative method, this research compares financial statement data from the 2017-2024 period to evaluate shifts before and after the regulation's enforcement. The results reveal that the implementation of PSAK 73 successfully improved corporate tax efficiency, characterized by a decrease in the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) below the statutory corporate tax rate. This was achieved by leveraging temporary differences that resulted in the recognition of deferred tax assets, providing a strategic advantage in the form of tax deferral. On the other hand, the application of this standard caused significant pressure on net profit during the initial transition phase due to the front-loading expense pattern derived from right-of-use asset depreciation and lease liability interest.

Sleep duration and sleep quality are essential physiological needs that play a significant role in the emotional and behavioral development of children aged 3–6 years. Adequate sleep supports brain development, cognitive functioning, emotional regulation, and social interaction skills in early childhood. Conversely, poor sleep duration and low sleep quality may negatively affect children’s attention, mood stability, and ability to interact socially with peers and caregivers. This article is a literature review using a systematic review approach that analyzes 10 scientific articles published between 2016–2026 to evaluate the relationship between sleep duration and sleep quality with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. The article selection process followed the PRISMA flow diagram, with articles sourced from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. The findings consistently indicate that inadequate sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems, including hyperactivity, anxiety, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in social interaction among children. Furthermore, sleep disturbances were found to negatively influence children’s emotional self-regulation abilities, which are crucial for adaptive behavior. Therefore, ensuring adequate sleep duration and improving sleep quality are important strategies to support optimal emotional and behavioral development in preschool-aged children.

To address the negative impacts of teenage romantic relationships on peer dynamics and academic achievement at SMP Negeri 5 Sipahutar, school authorities implemented a regulation prohibiting dating, in line with Pancasila character education principles. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of this policy on fostering positive social behavior among ninth-grade students. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach and involved 81 students as respondents. Data were collected using a four-level multiple-choice agreement questionnaire consisting of ten items. The analysis results showed a total score of 2707, a mean score of 33.42, a standard deviation of 4.8, and an average scale score of 3.34. The findings revealed that 78.2% of students agreed that the regulation encouraged peer cooperation, improved discipline in obeying school rules, and supported effective group learning. In addition, the policy appeared to contribute to a more positive school environment by reducing distractions associated with adolescent dating behavior. These findings indicate that school-based regulations can play an important role in shaping adolescent character and social behavior based on national values. Therefore, such policies may serve as an effective preventive strategy for educational institutions that aim to strengthen character education and promote responsible student conduct.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of chips in Pugeran Village, Gondang District, Mojokerto Regency face structural obstacles in the form of limited internal governance and weak market penetration. Around 80% of business actors are still managed conventionally, triggering production inefficiencies and a lack of mastery of persuasive marketing language on packaging. This community service activity aims to reconstruct an effective division of labor based on HR governance mindset, build the capacity of practical skills in packaging copywriting and digital media, and change business behavior from conventional reactive to strategic proactive. The program is implemented with an Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach through three main intervention stages, namely diagnosis and reconstruction of MSDM, co-creation and marketing language assistance, and the adoption of proactive behavior through coaching and market simulation. The results showed a significant socio-economic transformation, characterized by the implementation of labor division SOPs that increased production efficiency by 18%, as well as the adoption of new packaging and persuasive copywriting techniques that expanded market reach beyond the region and increased average turnover by 22% in two months. In addition, a new social institution was formed in the form of the "Prosperous Pugeran Chips Craftsmen Association" and the emergence of young local leaders as agents of the program's sustainability.

This journal critically examines the process of harmonizing Pancasila values and Islamic principles within the development of the Citizenship Education (PKn) curriculum in Indonesia. The study aims to understand how the integration of these two values can strengthen national character, enhance tolerance, and enrich the learning process at elementary and secondary school levels. The methodology used is a literature review, analyzing various academic sources, curriculum documents, and theoretical studies related to the harmonization of national and religious values. The findings indicate that applying the principle of harmonization can improve students’ understanding of Pancasila and Islamic values simultaneously, as well as foster mutual respect and appreciation for Indonesia’s cultural and religious diversity. These results underscore the importance of incorporating these values into the PKn curriculum as a strategic effort to build a nation grounded in spiritual, nationalist, and tolerant values. Additionally, this research offers recommendations for developing a more inclusive and harmonious curriculum to create a tolerant, civil, and respectful society.

This study aims to determine the application of picture media and bingo games in English learning at elementary schools and to improve students’ confidence in learning English. The research was conducted in the sixth grade of Aengbaja Kenek Elementary School in the 2025/2026 academic year with 7 students as the research subjects. The research method used was classroom action research with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and literature study.The results showed that the use of picture media and bingo games was able to increase students’ motivation, enthusiasm, and ability in learning English. Students became more active in learning new vocabulary, understanding grammar, practicing pronunciation, and improving their speaking and reading skills. In addition, the learning process became more enjoyable, interactive, and less monotonous, so students were more confident in using English. Picture media helped students understand the material visually, while bingo games created an interesting learning atmosphere through learning-by-playing activities. Therefore, the application of picture media and bingo games are effective as a medium for teaching English in elementary schools to improve students’ language skills and learning motivation.

Flooding is one of the most frequent disasters in DKI Jakarta and contributes not only to physical and economic losses but also to the emergence of various psychological problems among affected communities. This study aims to analyze the psychological impacts of post-flood disasters, particularly among vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly, and to examine the effects of repeated flood exposure on mental health conditions. This study employs a literature review method with a qualitative descriptive approach through the identification and synthesis of relevant scientific sources. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis to identify patterns, relationships, and trends in research findings. The results indicate that flooding is associated with psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with varying levels of severity. Repeated exposure to flooding has been shown to increase individuals’ vulnerability to mental health problems and reduce psychological well-being. However, protective factors such as social support, religiosity, emotional regulation abilities, and adaptive coping strategies play a significant role in strengthening resilience and accelerating psychological recovery. The findings highlight the importance of a holistic disaster management approach that integrates mental health services, strengthens community capacity, and enhances preparedness education to improve the psychological resilience of flood-affected communities.

Stunting remains a persistent nutritional challenge that threatens human capital development in Indonesia. This study examines the effects of exclusive breastfeeding, female education, sanitation, access to safe drinking water, inadequate food consumption, and poverty on stunting prevalence across 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2017–2024. The study employs a random-effects Panel EGLS estimator with Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) to address heteroskedasticity and cross-sectional dependence in provincial panel data. The findings reveal that exclusive breastfeeding, female education, and adequate sanitation significantly reduce stunting prevalence, while poverty significantly increases it. Interestingly, inadequate food consumption is negatively associated with stunting prevalence, potentially reflecting the contribution of government nutritional assistance and social protection programs. In contrast, access to safe drinking water does not show a statistically significant effect. Among the explanatory variables, female education is strongly associated with reductions in stunting. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening women’s education, improving sanitation quality, and expanding poverty-alleviation and nutrition-sensitive interventions to accelerate reductions in stunting and support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 in Indonesia.

This study is motivated by the dynamic changes in digital consumer behavior in e-commerce, particularly in the purchase of electronic products through the Tokopedia platform. The study aims to analyze and synthesize the influence of online reviews and product ratings on purchase decisions using a systematic literature review approach. The method involves a comprehensive examination of global and local scientific literature, with a focus on peer-reviewed journals and empirical studies published between 2021 and 2026. The findings indicate that online reviews and product ratings are capable of reducing consumer uncertainty as well as the functional risks associated with electronic products. Empirical evidence over the past decade suggests that high ratings can build initial confidence in brand quality, while detailed reviews provide crucial technical validation for potential buyers. Overall, these two indicators work synergistically to strengthen consumer trust and serve as key determinants in the final stage of the purchasing decision. The implications suggest that e-commerce platforms and sellers need to prioritize the management of user-generated content and maintain transparency in reputation to remain competitive in a market increasingly reliant on the credibility of online information.

Tourism in Bali, as the backbone of the regional economy, absorbs more than 50% of the workforce and gives rise to complex labor dynamics. Although Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and Law No. 21 of 2000 on Trade Unions guarantee worker protection and freedom of association, the reality on the ground is still marked by the misuse of fixed-term employment contracts (PKWT), violations of outsourcing regulations, and both structural and cultural barriers to union formation. This article employs a normative juridical approach, using statute, conceptual, and case-based methods to analyze the regulatory framework and the responses of workers, employers, and government actors in addressing industrial relations disputes within Bali’s tourism sector. The findings reveal a significant gap between written legal norms and actual practice: repeated extensions of PKWT, outsourcing of core tasks such animal caretaking, union-busting through dismissal of union members, and weak law enforcement at regional level. Trade unions play a role in mediation and advocacy, but their performance is hindered by employer intimidation, low legal literacy among workers, and limited institutional support. Bridging this gap requires strict oversight, legal education for workers, as well as the strengthening of union capacity and the authority of local governments.

Low Birth Weight (LBW) refers to infants born with a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams and remains an important issue in neonatal health due to its association with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. To analyze the determinants of LBW based on primary studies published from 2021 to 2026. A literature review was conducted using the PRISMA approach. Article searches were performed through PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest using the keywords low birth weight, determinant factors, risk factors, BBLR, and faktor risiko with Boolean operators AND/OR. The inclusion criteria were primary studies, full-text availability, publication in Indonesian or English, and publication years from 2021 to 2026. A total of 20 articles were included, consisting of 15 international articles and 5 national sources. The review showed that LBW is influenced by interrelated maternal, nutritional, obstetric, and sociodemographic factors during pregnancy. The most dominant factors included multiple pregnancy with an adjusted OR of 21.74, maternal food insecurity with an AOR of 6.85, maternal hemoglobin level <11 g/dL with an AOR of 5.21, lack of iron-folic acid supplementation with an AOR of 4.17, maternal age ≤20 years with an AOR of 3.42, pregnancy interval <1 year with an adjusted OR of 2.92, missed antenatal care visits with an AOR of 2.74, smoking during pregnancy with an OR of 2.18, and maternal hypertension with an AOR of 1.94. LBW is influenced by multiple interrelated factors; therefore, efforts to reduce its incidence should focus on evidence-based interventions, particularly through optimizing antenatal care services, improving maternal nutritional status, and early detection of pregnancy.

Adolescents are considered a vulnerable group to nutritional problems because they experience rapid physical growth accompanied by lifestyle changes and unhealthy eating habits. The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among teenagers has become a major public health concern that requires serious attention. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between peer influence, the frequency of eating out, and fast-food consumption habits with the incidence of overweight among students at SMAN 1 Surabaya. The research applied a quantitative approach using an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional method. A total of 81 students participated in the study and were selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires, SQ-FFQ forms, and anthropometric measurements, then analyzed using the Chi-Square statistical test. The findings revealed significant associations between peer influence, eating out frequency, and fast-food consumption habits with the occurrence of overweight among adolescents. Students who more frequently consumed meals outside the home and regularly ate fast food showed a greater tendency to experience overweight and obesity. These results indicate that social environments and modern dietary patterns contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight among adolescents. Therefore, nutrition education and healthy lifestyle promotion should be strengthened through the involvement of schools, families, and peer groups.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly altered the landscape of business decision-making, particularly for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Despite their critical role in economic growth and employment generation, MSMEs frequently encounter substantial barriers related to technological adoption, digital literacy, and resource allocation. This research systematically investigates the utilization of artificial intelligence as a responsive innovation mechanism designed to optimize decision-making processes within the MSME sector. By employing a comprehensive systematic literature review methodology, analyzing peer-reviewed publications from globally recognized academic databases between 2018 and 2024, this study delineates the multifaceted benefits, complex challenges, and contextualized adoption strategies associated with AI integration. The findings reveal that artificial intelligence holds transformative potential for enhancing operational efficiency, refining predictive analytics, and sustaining long-term competitiveness. Conversely, critical challenges, including inadequate digital infrastructure, financial constraints, and organizational resistance, remain pervasive obstacles. Consequently, the study advocates for a gradual, responsive innovation approach that aligns technological adoption with specific business needs and environmental pressures. The insights derived from this research offer substantial theoretical and practical implications, providing a strategic framework for policymakers and MSME owners to accelerate digital transformation inclusively.

This study was conducted in response to the increasingly complex nutritional issues among adolescents, reflected in the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition within the same population, which are closely associated with dietary consumption patterns. The research aimed to investigate the relationship between diet quality and the nutritional status of students at SMAN 9 Surabaya. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed, involving 85 participants selected based on the estimated sample requirement for correlation analysis. Dietary intake data were collected using two non-consecutive 24-hour food recalls and subsequently assessed using the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A). Nutritional status was determined through BMI-for-age calculations in accordance with the World Health Organization standards. Data analysis was performed using correlational testing and Chi-Square analysis to identify differences in proportions. The findings revealed that the respondents’ diet quality remained suboptimal, while most students were categorized as having normal nutritional status, although cases of undernutrition and overnutrition were still identified. A significant association was found between diet quality and nutritional status (p = 0.001), indicating that better diet quality tended to be linked with normal nutritional status. Based on the DQI-A components, dietary quality demonstrated a significant relationship with nutritional status (p = 0.007), whereas dietary diversity (p = 0.597) and dietary equilibrium (p = 0.507) showed no significant associations. These findings highlight that diet quality, particularly food selection patterns, plays an important role in determining adolescent nutritional status. Therefore, improving nutritional conditions requires more intensive nutrition education interventions focusing on healthy food choices, increased fruit and vegetable consumption, and controlled intake of sugar, salt, and fat, supported consistently by both individuals and the school environment.

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) remains a major public health concern, particularly in primary care settings. Lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns and physical activity are increasingly recognized as potential contributors to respiratory health. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between dietary patterns, physical activity, and ARI among primary care patients in East Halmahera, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a primary health care facility in East Halmahera, Indonesia, from January to February 2026, involving 106 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, physical activity, and ARI status. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of ARI among respondents was 77.4%. Bivariate analysis showed that dietary patterns (p = 0.006) and physical activity (p = 0.015) were significantly associated with ARI. In contrast, age, gender, marital status, education level, employment status, smoking, and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with ARI (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Dietary patterns and physical activity were significantly associated with ARI among primary care patients in East Halmahera. These findings highlight the importance of lifestyle-related factors in addressing respiratory infections at the primary care level.  

This study aims to analyze public concerns regarding fast food consumption from the perspective of risk society, particularly among university students. The increasing consumption of fast food reflects shifts in consumption patterns influenced by globalization, practicality, and time efficiency. This research employs a qualitative approach through a literature review supported by interview data to strengthen the analysis. The findings reveal that fast food consumption is not solely driven by biological needs but also by practical, emotional, and social factors. Although students demonstrate a relatively high awareness of health risks associated with fast food, their consumption behavior persists as an adaptive response to structural conditions such as time constraints, accessibility, and academic pressures. From the perspective of risk society, this phenomenon illustrates a contradiction between risk awareness and everyday consumption practices. Risks produced by modernity are not entirely avoided but are negotiated and normalized in daily life. Therefore, fast food consumption cannot be understood merely as an individual choice but as a result of the interaction between structural factors, consumer culture, and social construction within modern society.

Travertine is a non-marine carbonate rock precipitated from calcium- and bicarbonate-rich waters, commonly associated with hot springs, streams, and lakes in tectonically active regions. This study presents a systematic literature review of travertine deposit characteristics, encompassing mineralogical composition, geochemical signatures, petrographic textures, morphological types, isotopic properties, biotic–abiotic controls on formation, early diagenesis, and petrophysical implications. The synthesis indicates that travertine is predominantly composed of calcite, with aragonite forming under conditions of elevated temperature, high Mg/Ca ratios, and rapid CO₂ degassing. Travertines display exceptional textural diversity, ranging from abiotic crystalline crusts to microbially mediated fabrics such as shrub, peloidal, and stromatolitic structures. Major morphologies include fissure ridges, mounds, terraces, cascades, and slopes, strongly governed by tectonic setting, topography, hydrology, and substrate geology. Stable isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O), strontium isotopes, trace elements, and REE patterns effectively constrain fluid provenance and distinguish thermogene from meteogene travertines. Microbial activity plays a crucial role in biomineralization, influencing precipitation rates, crystal morphology, and lamination patterns. Early diagenetic processes occurring during active deposition may significantly modify primary fabrics and geochemical signals. Travertine petrophysical properties exhibit distinctive porosity–velocity relationships, making them valuable analogues for subsurface carbonate reservoirs. This review highlights that travertines record complex interactions among physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes and hold significant value for paleoenvironmental reconstruction and carbonate reservoir studies.