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Economic globalization has significantly transformed patterns of labor relations and expanded cross-border labor mobility. These developments necessitate alignment between national labor laws and international labor standards. The International Labour Organization plays a leading role in establishing global standards through various labor conventions and recommendations. This study aims to examine the concept of harmonizing national labor laws with international standards, assess its implementation in Indonesia, and identify the challenges faced. The study employs a normative legal method using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The results indicate that Indonesia has adopted most international standards; however, implementation still faces structural, cultural, and economic obstacles. Legal harmonization is a strategic step to enhance worker protection while maintaining national economic competitiveness.

This practice is essentially based on clauses in employment contracts intended to prevent employees from resigning before the contract term expires. However, from a legal perspective, this practice raises challenges regarding the validity of employment contracts and the legal protections afforded to employees. The objective of this study is to evaluate the validity of the diploma retention practice through the lens of labor law and civil law, as well as to explore the types of legal protections that may be available to employees. The research methodology employed is a normative legal approach, utilizing a legal and conceptual framework, and supported by a literature review of primary and secondary legal sources. This analysis emphasizes the principles of contract law, labor protection principles, and relevant human rights standards. The research findings indicate that the practice of withholding diplomas lacks a clear legal basis under Indonesian law and potentially violates the criteria for the validity of contracts, particularly regarding the abuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden). Furthermore, this practice can be categorized as an illegal act because it infringes upon workers’ property rights and their freedom to seek employment. Legal protection for workers can be facilitated through preventive strategies, such as strengthening labor regulations and oversight, as well as through enforcement actions, including civil litigation and the resolution of industrial disputes.

Malnutrition and stunting among children under five remain major public health challenges in developing countries, including Indonesia. These conditions are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, impaired cognitive development, and reduced productivity in adulthood. Stunting reflects chronic nutritional deficiencies, while severe malnutrition indicates acute or prolonged inadequate nutrient intake, often exacerbated by infections, poor caregiving practices, and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions. This case report aims to describe the clinical condition, contributing factors, management, and outcomes of a 14-month-old female toddler diagnosed with severe malnutrition and stunting without complications in Blang Dalam Geuteung Village, Nisam Subdistrict, North Aceh Regency. The assessment was conducted using a family medicine approach, incorporating detailed history taking, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and nutritional status evaluation based on World Health Organization Z-score indicators. Interventions included nutritional rehabilitation through appropriate dietary intake, family education on balanced nutrition and proper feeding practices, routine growth monitoring, and optimization of primary healthcare services. The results showed gradual improvement in the child’s nutritional status, evidenced by weight gain, better appetite, and improved feeding patterns following the intervention. This case highlights the importance of early detection, comprehensive family-centered management, and continuous monitoring in addressing malnutrition and stunting at the primary care level. Strengthening community-based interventions, improving caregiver knowledge, and enhancing collaboration between healthcare providers and families are essential to reduce the burden of malnutrition and support optimal child growth and development.

Latar Belakang: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama yang berdampak pada meningkatnya angka kesakitan dan kematian, terutama pada kelompok lansia. Kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap deteksi dini dan gaya hidup sehat menjadi faktor yang memperburuk kondisi ini. Tujuan: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat melalui peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku dalam pengendalian tekanan darah melalui Program SEHATI (Sehat Bersama Hipertensi Terkendali). Metode: Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Posbindu lansia dengan melibatkan 45 peserta. Metode kegiatan meliputi skrining tekanan darah dan status kesehatan, edukasi tentang pencegahan dan pengendalian hipertensi, serta pelatihan senam hipertensi. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui pre dan post-test pengetahuan serta observasi partisipasi senam. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan peserta tentang hipertensi sebesar 35%, partisipasi aktif dalam senam mencapai 90%, dan sebagian besar peserta menunjukkan penurunan tekanan darah setelah mengikuti kegiatan. Kesimpulan: Program SEHATI efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan, kesadaran, dan perilaku sehat masyarakat dalam pengendalian tekanan darah, serta dapat menjadi model pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis promotif dan preventif di komunitas lansia.

Malnutrition among early childhood remains a critical issue that hinders Indonesia’s efforts to realize its Golden Generation. This study aims to describe the current condition of child malnutrition, its impacts, contributing factors, and strategies for prevention involving families, communities, health workers, early childhood education institutions, and the government. This paper uses a literature review method by examining scientific sources related to nutrition, early childhood development, and governmental policies. The findings indicate that severe malnutrition significantly affects children’s physical, cognitive, socio-emotional development, and long-term health. Contributing factors include low nutritional literacy, inadequate parenting practices, poor sanitation, recurrent infections, economic limitations, and suboptimal implementation of nutrition programs. Effective prevention requires an integrated, multisectoral approach involving nutrition education, growth monitoring, improved access to nutritious food, and strengthened interventions during the First 1000 Days of Life. Sustainable collaboration across sectors is essential to reduce malnutrition rates and support the development of a healthy and competitive future generation.

The Community Service Program (KKN) in Pematang Kasih Village, Pantai Cermin District, focused on the construction of owl houses (RUBUHA) as an environmentally friendly effort to control rice field rats. The background to this activity was the high level of rat infestation that was detrimental to local farmers' rice harvests and the excessive use of chemical pesticides, which had the potential to negatively impact human health and ecosystem balance. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through direct observation in agricultural fields, interviews with farmer groups, and documentation of the owl house construction process. The results showed that the village community responded positively to this program because the use of owls as natural predators was proven to be more effective in controlling the rat pest population while reducing dependence on chemical pesticides. In addition, this program also increased public awareness of the importance of ecologically based pest control and preserving biodiversity. With the owl houses built around rice fields, it is hoped that a sustainable agricultural pattern can be created that supports the welfare of farmers while preserving the environment.

Keluarga yang menunggu pasien di ruang ICU dapat mengalami kecemasan, hal ini disebabkan karena menunggu anggota keluarga yang sedang mengalami perawatan kritis merupakan salah satu faktor kecemasan keluarga pasien dirawat di ruang intensive. Kelcelmasan melrulpakan sulatul keladaan pikiran dimana selselorang melrasakan keltakultan yang telruls-melnelruls dan belrlelbihan selrta sullit dikelndalikan selhingga dapat belrdampak bulrulk dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk Melngidelntifikasi Gambaran Kelcelmasan Kellularga Pasieln Di Rulang Intelnsivel Carel Ulnit (ICUl) Rulmah Sakit Santa Ellisabelth Meldan Tahuln 2024. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini deskritif menggunakan pendekatan desain studi cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan tehnik purporsive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi, didapatkan jumlah sampel 96 responden di Ruang Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kusioner ZSAS (Zulng Sellf-Rating Axielty Scalel). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat kecemasan berdasarkan kategori kecemasan paling tinggi adalah kecemasan sedang sebanyak 58 responden (60.4%), kecemasan berat sebanyak 22 responden (22.9%) dan kecemasan ringan sebanyak 16 responden (16.7%). Simpulan ini adalah peran keluarga terhadap pasien menjadi berkurang karena tidak banyak terlibat dalam perawatan pasif dan tidak dapat mendampingi pasien di ruang ICU setiap saat, sehingga keluarga akan mengalami kecemasan. Kecemasan ini disebabkan karena ketakutan keluarga yang dipengaruhi oleh terpisahnya secara fisik dengan anggota keluarga, takut akan kematian, biaya  perawatan, keadaan pasien makin memburuk/ngedrop, atau kecatatan tubuh yang disebabkan banyak terpasang alat.

Mortalitas dan morbiditas pada wanita merupakan masalah yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian yang cukup serius, terutama di negara berkembang dan memiliki iklim tropis layaknya Negara Indonesia. Personal hygiene dan sanitasi berada pada nomor 3 dan kesehatan reproduksi berada pada nomor 8 dalam 10 faktor resiko utama penyebab kesakitan kematian pada usia remaja. Remaja pada masa pubertas mengalami perubahan fisik yang ditandai dengan terjadinya menstruasi. Saat menstruasi jika personal hygiene buruk bisa mengakibatkan infeksi saluran reproduksi (ISR), infeksi saluran kemih (ISK), penyakit radang panggul (PRP), dan kemungkinan terburuknya bisa menyebabkan kanker serviks. Salah satu cara untuk menghindari masalah tersebut yaitu dengan melakukan praktik perilaku personal hygiene saat menstruasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku personal hygiene pada remaja putri di SMP Negeri 4 Surakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel secara non propability sampling dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 48 responden (63,3%) berperilaku baik, sedangkan responden yang berperilaku buruk berjumlah 28 responden (36,8). Temuan ini menunjukkan gambaran perilaku yang baik.

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di Kabupaten Tegal, terutama menyerang anak-anak dan lansia, dengan 25.273 kasus tercatat pada Januari–Juni 2025. Faktor seperti kepadatan penduduk, polusi udara, dan sanitasi buruk mempersulit analisis konvensional dalam mengidentifikasi wilayah berisiko tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) berbasis web untuk memetakan dan memantau kasus ISPA secara akurat menggunakan pendekatan spasial. Metode Waterfall digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem, meliputi analisis kebutuhan, perancangan, implementasi, pengujian, dan pemeliharaan. Data spasial (koordinat lokasi) dan non-spasial (usia, jenis kelamin, jumlah kasus) dikumpulkan dari Dinas Kesehatan dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik kepadatan titik dan klaster untuk mengidentifikasi pola sebaran. Sistem ini dibangun dengan framework Laravel sebagai backend dan Leaflet.js untuk visualisasi peta interaktif. Hasilnya, SIG ini mampu memvisualisasikan sebaran kasus ISPA per kecamatan, mendukung Dinas Kesehatan dalam mengalokasikan sumber daya medis secara efisien dan mengidentifikasi wilayah prioritas seperti Dukuhwaru dan Tarub. Bagi masyarakat, sistem ini meningkatkan akses informasi digital, mendorong kesadaran pencegahan, dan mendukung edukasi kesehatan. Sistem ini terbukti efektif sebagai alat strategis untuk pengambilan keputusan berbasis data, mempercepat respons terhadap ISPA, dan menjadi fondasi untuk pengembangan SIG dalam memantau penyakit lain di masa depan.

The bankruptcy of a major company like PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk (Sritex) not only reflects a financial crisis but also opens a significant debate about legal fairness for stakeholders, particularly laborers and company owners. This research examines the impact of the bankruptcy on the fulfillment of laborers' normative rights and the legal protection afforded to company owners. Using a juridical-normative approach and a case study method, the findings reveal that the bankruptcy process still presents imbalances in legal protection, especially for laborers who, despite being legally recognized as preferential creditors, are often disregarded in practice. This article recommends regulatory reform and strengthening the state's role in ensuring justice throughout the bankruptcy proceedings.

Tradition is a series of values, to support life and culture. The residents of Ilath Village, Buruh Regency, have various traditions, including the seven likur night tradition. This tradition is carried out on the last 10th night of the month of Ramadan. This activity starts from the preparation stage to the implementation. The series of activities carried out starting from cleaning the house, road, grave, preparing ketupat jiwa, damar, collecting pieces of banana stems, praying together, and distributing ketupat jiwa which are distributed to widowers or widows, and orphans, and the residents of Ilath in general illustrates collective awareness. The implementation of the seven likur night tradition is marked by the burning of damar which is carried out after the Maghrib prayer. The light of the damar as a symbol of connectedness between residents, is also a symbol of welcoming a night full of blessings from other months. In addition to burning damar, residents also prepare and deliver ketupat jiwa to the Mosque after the Isya prayer, which will later be read a prayer together led by the Khotib after the Tarawih prayer. After the ketupat jiwa has been prayed for, the children and the gods also take part in distributing the ketupat jiwa to the widowers or widows, and orphans in the area.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Sarang Burung Village Government's financial performance for the fiscal year 2020–2023 in the Jambi Luar Kota District of the Muaro Jambi Regency. Six financial ratios—the Degree of Decentralization Ratio, Village Financial Independence Ratio, Village Financial Dependency Ratio, PADes Effectiveness Ratio, Expenditure Efficiency Ratio, and Revenue Growth Ratio—will be used in this study to examine Sarang Burung Village's financial performance. The Realization Report of the Village Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBDes) of Sarang Burung Village, Jambi Luar Kota District, Muaro Jambi Regency, for the fiscal years 2020–2023 is the source of secondary data used in this quantitative descriptive study. The study's findings indicate that the Sarang Burung Village Government's financial performance is classified as extremely poor based on the Degree of Decentralization Ratio, very low for the Village Financial Independence Ratio, very high for the Village Financial Dependency Ratio, ineffective for the PADes Effectiveness Ratio, less efficient for the Spending Efficiency Ratio, and not good for the PADes Growth Ratio. The SWOT Analysis employs the S-T strategy, which leverages internal strengths to counter external threats.

The purpose of this community service activity is to increase knowledge for mothers at the Garuda 04 Posyandu in Harapan Jaya Bekasi on how to use income to manage a balanced life between the needs of early childhood or toddlers and family needs. The results show that most members of the Garuda 04 Posyandu do not understand properly and correctly how to manage family income properly and correctly from the financial income they earn, such as the difference between needs and wants, budgeting, and the importance of saving and managing the fulfillment of toddler needs for the children they have. The training was conducted in one day with a participatory-educational approach and socialization. This method includes providing materials, group discussions, simulations, and reflections from each individual. The activities showed high active participation from participants and were actively involved in the discussions that were carried out. This socialization provides evidence that an experience-based approach can effectively increase understanding and awareness of the importance of financial management that they are facing.

The research conducted at MAS Daarul Uluum Lido Bogor Jl. Mayjen Hr Edi Sukma KM 22, Ciburuy Village, Cigombong District, Bogor Regency, aims to analyze the level of Mathematical Problem Solving Ability in the Sequence and Series Material of Class 11 at MA Daarul Uluum Lido through Google Form Media. The research method used is qualitative research with the sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The target population in this study were all class 11 students at MAS Daarul Uluum Lido. The accessible population in this study was only class 11 D MIA MAS Daarul Uluum Lido students. The research sample was 6 students, consisting of 2 students with low-level mathematical problem solving abilities, 2 students with medium-level mathematical problem solving abilities and 2 students with high-level mathematical problem solving abilities. The data analysis technique was carried out descriptively qualitatively before and during the field, namely data reduction analysis, data presentation and drawing conclusions and data verification. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that students in the low category are 2 students with a percentage of 5.55%, 28 students with a percentage of 77.77% are in the medium category and 6 students with a percentage of 16.6% are in the high category. So the dominant ability of solving mathematical problems in the material of Sequences and series at MAS Daarul Uluum Lido is in the medium category with a percentage of 77.77%.

Work accidents can be said to be a conflict in employment because they cause losses to workers and companies. Although the government has regulated the company's obligations in implementing occupational safety and health through various laws and regulations, in reality the effectiveness of the implementation of these regulations is still a problem, especially in terms of law enforcement in companies that have not fully implemented occupational safety standards according to applicable norms and provisions, one of which is at PT Sinar Semesta which is a metal casting company in Klaten Regency. This study aims to determine the regulations related to Occupational Safety and Health and the implementation of legal protection for Occupational Safety and Health at PT Sinar Semesta. This study uses an empirical legal research method. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that Occupational Safety and Health has actually been regulated in several laws and regulations. However, the implementation of legal protection for Occupational Safety and Health at PT Sinar Semesta has not been fully fulfilled because there are no health facilities specifically located in the company environment, the Occupational Safety and Health Management System has not been implemented, and the Occupational Safety and Health Development Committee has not been formed..

Kidney failure is one of the diseases that increases every year and becomes a major health problem in the world, the occurrence of failure is a risk of heart and blood vessel disease and increases morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the experience of dialysis patients' families in helping to prepare food at home. The research method used was a qualitative descriptive study. The location of this study was carried out in the Hemodialysis Room of the Imelda Buruh Indonesia General Hospital, Medan . The time of this study conducted in March to July 2024. The number of participants in this study was 6 participants . Research data were collected through in-depth interviews with participants and analyzed thematically. The results of the study consisted of 3 (three) themes, namely: (1) Eating habits , (2) obstacles or challenges in preparing food, (3) family support for patients. The conclusion of this study is that all participants expressed that the eating patterns of patients with hemodialysis therapy showed normal eating patterns, but when hemodialysis was carried out, patients felt weak and their appetite decreased, but all patients still ate 3 times a day in small portions . Overall, participants provided strong support for patients, both moral support, material in efforts to provide patient food needs, reminding patients to eat regularly according to doctor's recommendations, and faithfully accompanying them during hemodialysis. Although obstacles and challenges were found from both patients and families in overall food management, they could be overcome.

Termination of Employment (TOE) is the termination of an employment relationship due to a matter that results in the expiration of rights and obligations between workers/laborers and employers regulated in Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning employment and secondary legal materials obtained from employment, internet papers and others. The implementation of termination of employment must be in accordance with Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning employment that termination of employment is carried out in several processes, namely deliberation between employees and the Company, if there is an impasse, the last resort is carried out through the court to decide the case. Therefore, the strength of the implementation of labor law is needed through increased supervision, education for the parties, and optimization of the role of labor dispute resolution institutions.

This study aims to analyze public service accountability at the Namlea Subdistrict Office, Buru Regency. The research method used is qualitative, with an in-depth interview approach to gather information regarding the ongoing service processes at the subdistrict office. The research findings indicate that although some aspects of public service at the Namlea Subdistrict Office are running well, there are still areas that require improvement. The reporting process is relatively transparent, but it is hindered by a limited number of staff, which affects the timeliness of report resolutions. Information retrieval also relies heavily on direct visits to the office, suggesting the need for the implementation of information technology to make public access easier and more efficient. Service performance evaluations are conducted regularly, but they are constrained by staff capacity, which is insufficient to handle the volume of reports. Staff control and guidance are carried out routinely, but some members of the public seek increased transparency in this process. Overall, despite several challenges such as limited human resources and facilities, the Namlea Subdistrict Office has shown commitment to improving service quality. However, to enhance accountability, improvements are needed in transparency, information access, as well as strengthening staff capacity and the use of more advanced technology.

This research is a qualitative study with a sample size of 9 participants. It aims to examine the leadership of the Sub-District Head in Batabual Sub-District, Buru Regency. The study was conducted at the Batabual Sub-District Office in Buru Regency. Primary data collection was carried out through interviews with several informants directly involved in the leadership process of the Sub-District Head in Batabual. The findings of this study indicate that the leadership of the Sub-District Head in Batabual Sub-District cannot yet be considered effective and does not meet the standards expected by employees and the community. Consequently, aspects such as service delivery, community empowerment, and infrastructure remain inadequate.

Rokan Hulu Regency in the implementation of swallow cultivation has been regulated in Rokan Hulu Regent Regulation No.4 of 2009 concerning business license management and swallow's nest business license. There are still many swallow nests that are established not in accordance with the provisions in the Rokan Hulu Regent Regulation, have not processed the swallow nest business license. Regent of Rokan Hulu, have not taken care of the license and there are still people who do not know that there is a regulation on swallow nests. do not know that there are rules governing the establishment of swallow nests. swallow's nest. This research aims to evaluate  Regent Regulation number 4 of 2009 concerning business licenses for the management and swallow nest business license in Kunto Darussalam Subdistrict, Rokan Hulu Regency and its inhibiting factors. Rokan Hulu and its inhibiting factors. The theory used is Lester and Stewart (2000). divides policy assessment into four types. The suggested types or models are: a) Process evaluation b) Impact evaluation c) Policy evaluation, evaluation to test relevance d) Meta-evaluation. The results of this study found that there was still no maximum socialization (communication) given to the community. Facilities and infrastructure (facilities) that have not been maximized by utilizing existing websites.