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This research examines the innovation of community empowerment rooted in local wisdom for environmental management and green economy advancement in Ketegan Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. The study stems from the increasing environmental issues resulting from urban development and the limited public understanding of sustainable economic measures. The research examines how local values—like cooperative efforts and social responsibility—can be incorporated into innovative, economically effective environmental management frameworks. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, data collection involved in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and the documentation of environmental policies and socio-economic information. The results indicate that residents of Ketegan have effectively created an empowerment model that integrates tradition and innovation via waste bank management, the use of organic waste for compost and biogas, and community-driven green economy projects engaging women and youth. Cooperation between the government, community, and universities has been essential in maintaining these initiatives. However, institutional capability, online marketing, and program viability continue to pose considerable obstacles. The research suggests enhancing community potential by providing training in green entrepreneurship, facilitating digital transformation, and incorporating local wisdom principles into sustainable development strategies. The results confirm that innovation rooted in local wisdom can effectively create resilient, competitive, and environmentally aware communities.

Coffee husk is an agro-industrial waste with significant potential to be utilized as a renewable energy source through the fast pyrolysis process. This study aims to analyze and optimize gas production from the fast pyrolysis of coffee husk biomass using a screw reactor through single-particle-based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The simulations were conducted by varying the operating temperature at 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C to examine pressure distribution, heat transfer, particle temperature, and the formation of pyrolysis products, namely bio-oil, biogas, and biochar. The modeling was performed using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 with a numerical approach to represent thermal phenomena and biomass decomposition reactions during the pyrolysis process. The simulation results indicate that increasing temperature significantly affects the rate of heat transfer and the temperature distribution of coffee husk particles. At 600°C, heat transfer and temperature distribution are more uniform compared to 500°C, although heating at the particle core is not yet fully optimal. The pressure distribution shows a stable flow of pyrolysis gas from the bottom to the top of the reactor. In terms of products, increasing temperature leads to a reduction in biochar and bio-oil formation due to the occurrence of secondary reactions, while biogas production increases. The highest gas production is achieved at 700°C, indicating the most optimal condition for maximizing gas yield from fast pyrolysis. Therefore, single-particle-based CFD simulation can be used as an effective tool to understand pyrolysis mechanisms and optimize process parameters in a screw reactor.

The transition to a green economy demands innovation in the utilization of environmentally friendly and sustainable renewable energy sources. This article analyzes a business strategy based on biogas energy from cow dung as an alternative solution in providing renewable electricity. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study evaluates the potential, challenges, and business models that can be applied to develop a sustainable biogas business. The findings show that biogas utilization not only contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and managing livestock waste, but also has high economic value if supported by the right business strategy. Key success factors include technological innovation, supporting policies, and access to financing. This article recommends strengthening the community-based renewable energy business ecosystem as a concrete step towards a just and environmentally friendly energy transition..

The large number of cattle breeders in Indonesia has positive and negative values. Cattle farmers generally produce livestock waste such as cow rumen. Cow rumen can be used as a starter for alternative biogas energy production, and cabbage vegetable waste has the potential to be used as raw material for making biogas, because it contains nutrients such as crude protein (PK) 22.47%, crude fat (LK) 3.05%, crude fiber (SK) 12.09%, dry matter 10.22% and extract material without nitrogen 34.96%. Apart from that, in this research cow rumen and EM4 were also used as starters for the anaerobic fermentation process. The cow's rumen contains methane bacteria, namely Methanosarcina sp, and the cow's rumen also contains quite high levels of organic compounds with a COD value of 17,183 mg/l. Effective Microorganisms (EM4) are bacteria whose function is to accelerate the degradation process of organic materials. The aim of this research is to design a biodigester, and carry out biodigester design trials. The research methods carried out are COD analysis, CH4 analysis and pH analysis. The results showed that the percentage of CH4 increased in a mixture of 100% cow rumen, because the total COD value in the substrate was directly proportional to the addition of the cow rumen composition. This can be seen from the total COD in 100% beef rumen starter of 1175 ppm.  

Biogas is an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly, cheap, easy to obtain and renewable. In general, all types of organic materials can be processed to produce biogas, however only homogeneous organic materials (solid and liquid) such as manure and urine (urine) of livestock are suitable for a simple biogas system. Biogas can be burned like LPG and on a large scale can be used to generate electricity, so that biogas can be used as an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly and renewable. To determine the performance of biogas as an alternative energy source, in this research the method used is to compare the performance of Biogas with LPG gas as a source of electrical energy. Analysis of trial data per minute (RPM), with varying load levels, shows that the RPM of generators using LPG only decreases slightly as the electrical load increases, which shows that the generator is able to maintain more consistent performance. The RPM produced by LPG, which ranges from 2358 to 2420 RPM, indicates that the engine is running faster and more efficiently, while biogas has a lower RPM, ranging from 1715 to 1820 RPM, which indicates slower operation. LPG efficiency ranges from 89.60% to 98.12%, while biogas efficiency ranges from 74.67% to 89.60%. Even though biogas shows less stable performance than LPG, biogas still has potential as an alternative fuel, especially in areas that have limited access to LPG but have abundant sources of biogas raw materials. The use of biogas can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Even though LPG is more efficient, biogas has significant potential to be developed as a more environmentally friendly alternative energy source because LPG relies on non-renewable fossil fuels and has a negative impact on the environment in the long term.

Biogas is a renewable energy source with significant potential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. However, conventional biodigester systems still face several challenges in monitoring methane gas production. Therefore, this research aims to design and develop a biogas digester prototype equipped with a stirrer and an Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensor to detect methane (CH4) gas levels. The research methodology involves designing a biodigester with an automatic stirrer and an MQ-2 sensor that can detect methane gas levels in real time. The data obtained is transmitted via ESP32 and displayed on the Blynk application. The research results show that the designed system can increase methane gas production and allow remote monitoring. The conclusion of this study is that the integration of IoT technology in the biodigester system can improve production efficiency and safety in biogas utilization.

POME is liquid wastewater derived from processing of palm fruit. POME contains nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, magnesium and calcium compounds, that can be used as a good fertilizer for plantations. However, before application, POME must be processed because direct use of unprocessed POME can damage the environment. PT XYZ utilizes POME as raw material for biogas through an anaerobic fermentation process to produce alternative energy for electricity generation, however, biogas production at PT XYZ  produces CH4 levels that do not meet the desired standard, namely 60%, while the value obtained is still 57%, so it can occure an incomplete combustion process in the engine. Therefore, research was carried out to analyze the influence of POME's Chemical Oygen Demand (COD) and the pH of POME as biogas raw material on the CH4 produced. Meanwhile, based on measurements of POME pH, fluctuations are caused by environmental conditions, therefore before the feed enters the biodigester, the first treatment is increasing pH until 6-7 to adjust the optimal conditions for bacteria working to break down organic substances.  The results shows that the estimated potential for a Biogas Power Plant (PLTBg) with a production capacity of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of 60 tons/hour, the high generating capacity is influenced by the large COD value, meaning that the COD value greatly influences the CH4 produced, but must also be in accordance with Other factors that influence CH4 production such as pH, temperature, stirring and others.

Biogas is a mixture of gases formed from the decomposition of organic materials with the help of bacteria through an anaerobic fermentation process (airtight) to produce biogas in the form of methane gas (CH4) that can be managed. In biogas production, pH is one of the factors that affects the production process where an inappropriate pH will cause the performance of microorganisms in degrading organic matter into biogas to be less than optimal. This can be seen from the COD reduction produced, namely COD reduction will increase when operating conditions are at optimal pH, for this reason, conditioning the operating process according to the optimum pH is needed. So that in order to maximize the production of biogas produced, research was conducted to determine the optimum pH in the biogas production process carried out at PT AMP Plantation. In this study, biogas production data was collected so that the optimum pH in the production process carried out was known. From the research that has been carried out, the optimum pH for the biogas production process is 7, which produces the highest COD reduction of 91.78%.

Although North Sumatra's cattle farms have enormous potential for development, there are still several issues that hinder productivity and efficiency. The comparative advantages and development strategies of cattle farming in the region are the subject of this study. The methods used include literature analysis and secondary data from various relevant sources. The results showed that, although local cattle have advantages in terms of adaptation to the environment, their productivity is lower than imported cattle such as Brahman Cross. Some of the factors that lead to low productivity include poor feed management, limited use of technology such as artificial insemination, and an ineffective marketing system. In addition, this study found that by improving the efficiency of agricultural waste as feed, cattle farming can thrive, the use of biogas and improved marketing systems through farmer cooperatives. Improving the competitiveness of cattle farming in North Sumatra can be achieved through the application of technology and local wisdom-based approaches. This research is expected to help in making policies and strategies to develop more efficient and sustainable cattle farming in the future.

Chemical Oxygen Demand or Need Oxygen chemistry is amount oxygen is needed for waste organic matter in the water can​ oxidized in a way chemistry . Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD ) have the value which is size For level pollution by material organic . COD value contained in material standard such as palm oil mill effluent can converted into biogas due to its high value so that allow For produce high biogas production . On study This done data collection in direct that is with using secondary data and primary data. From the research that has been done , known that  The more high COD Removal then the more The quality of the methane gas produced is also high . This is can seen based on at COD removal of 81%, it was obtained methane gas quality by 67%. And, increasingly high COD lowered so the more The biogas production produced is also high . This is can seen based on on COD reduction of 797,716 kg resulted in biogas production of 478,629 m3.

Bioscrubber merupakan separator yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan konsentrasi hidrogen sulfida (H2S) pada biogas. Permasalahan yang mempengaruhi kinerja bioscrubber diantaranya yaitu jumlah oksigen berlebih (excess oxygen) dan suhu yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan operasi sehingga menyebabkan tidak maksimalnya kinerja bioscrubber dalam menurunkan konsentrasi hidrogen sulfida (H2S). Untuk meminimalisir permasalahan ini maka dilakukan analisa data terkait kebutuhan jumlah oksigen berlebih dan suhu operasi yang optimal. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengumpulan data secara langsung yaitu dengan pengambilan data produksi biogas di Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biogas (PLTBg) Sei Mangkei yang kemudian dilakukan pengolahan data terkait kebutuhan excess oxygen dan suhu operasi pada proses separasi H2S. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa proses penurunan konsentrasi H2S menggunakan bioscrubber yang ada di PLTBg Sei Mangkei membutuhkan excess oxygen sebanyak 363,4% dari kebutuhan oksigen teoritis dan suhu operasi 38oC untuk dapat menurunkan konsentrasi H2S hingga 97,5%.

Urban sustainability presents considerable challenges, especially in the management of energy and wastewater treatment systems. Rapid urbanization intensifies the demand for water and energy, leading to increased pressure on existing infrastructure and resources. Wastewater management is essential for urban water sustainability, as untreated wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks. Moreover, wastewater treatment processes are energy-intensive, complicating the balance between environmental goals and energy consumption. To address these challenges, integrating decentralized renewable energy systems, such as solar, biogas, and wind, with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) offers a promising solution. This integration can reduce reliance on centralized power grids, enhance energy self-sufficiency, and promote sustainability. The application of Circular Economy principles, which emphasize resource recovery and system decentralization, is key to this integration. However, technological, economic, and regulatory barriers exist, limiting widespread adoption. This study explores the feasibility of coupling renewable energy with WWTPs, focusing on energy flow simulations, environmental impacts, and economic evaluations. The results indicate that integrating renewable energy can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower operational costs, and improve the resilience of urban water systems, making it a viable option for sustainable urban development.

Based on national policy, renewable energy is a source of energy that can be renewed, such as water, geothermal, sun, biomass, wind, changes in sea temperature, biogas, biofuel and sea waves. The sun is a type of renewable energy that is used to fulfill human needs. This condition is because the sun is basically eternal or never runs out, so its use is easier than other renewable energy. PLTS is a power plant that converts sunlight energy into electrical energy, often called a solar cell. This design is intended to study the hybrid PLTS design system to reduce dependence on electrical energy from PLN. A hybrid system is a system that uses two energy sources which will then back up each other. The results of this test in the solar panel test, the highest voltage was 17.51 ​​and the highest current produced by the solar panel was 4.12, and the battery charging test for 9 hours was 51.85Ah. Weather conditions and time differences cause the light intensity received by the panel to produce varying values, voltage, current and power due to uncertain weather conditions.

Waste management poses an inevitable challenge in human life and is often poorly handled. One type of waste causing significant issues is solid organic waste from households, which can lead to unpleasant odors and soil and water pollution due to its high organic content. However, the potential of organic waste to be converted into biogas, as an alternative energy source, can be harnessed through anaerobic processes. In this experiment, the researchers aimed to observe the effectiveness of adding additives to organic waste with varying doses. The organic content in the substrate for anaerobic microbes was represented by VS (volatile solid), with the inoculum sourced from cow dung. The experiment results indicate that adding NPK fertilizer additives with different doses increases biogas production. This suggests that the use of NPK additive can enhance the efficiency of anaerobic processes in generating biogas from organic waste.

The objective of this community service was to introduce biogas as an alternative house hold fuel and lighting by using beef cattle pen waste at Camplong  forest  area, Kupang Regency East Nusa Tenggara Province through integrated farming system. Methods applied were survey, interview, agricultural extension, demonstration and practical work involving 31 farmers on site. Data were descriptively analysed to offer an alternative solution toward feed supply, the used of fuel wood and food crop farming practice of participants. The result was the realization of farmers work pattern by integrating food crop plant, raising cattle and the use of alternative biogas as a source of fuel and lighting. It can be concluded that farmers at the area of Camplong Kupang Regency are able to integrate crop farming and cattle raising by using the available resources through community service.

The waste processing and renewable energy are being the issues in the industrial 4.0 era. Kitchen and organic trash in the rural areas will become a disaster if there is no solutions. On the other hand, kitchen and organic waste have a positive side, that they can be converted into biogas which can be converted into electricity. On the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation Number 27 of 2014, supports the development of biogas and will buy electricity from the biogas conversion. The potential for biogas that obtained by the organic trash per 1000 people is 7619.8 liters of biogas, it meas that the energy contained is still abundant and the production can still be increased if processed with a modern digester system. This research produces a tool in the form of a portable digester that named GenBIoT (IoT-based Biogas Generator) which can be used by the public to produce biogas that  used by home industries or general factories. This research used the research method that similar to System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), this tool is built with several stages starting from planning analysis, designing, functional testing, data analysis and reporting of the results or implementing this tool that can be used as an alternative, as a cheap and easy source energy. This tool is based on the Internet of Things so that this tool can be monitored regarding gas pressure in the reactor, biogas volume and it will detect if there is a biogas leak so it will displayed on the system. To produce the maximum biogas composition, 50% of cow dung is required, 40% of kitchen trash and 10% of water with a ratio of 5: 4: 1 so it will produce 40 kg of biogas with a volume of methane gas (VGM) 0.11 m3 of biogas for cow dung. and 0.04 m3. The third experiment becomes the basis of future biogas production with energy produced from biogas per day of 716.39 Wh