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This article explores legal accountability for flood disasters occurring in several regions of Sumatra, which are widely alleged to result from large-scale logging activities. The analysis is conducted within the framework of the Indonesian legal system, with particular emphasis on contract law. This study adopts a literature-based research method by examining statutory provisions, legal doctrines, and relevant scholarly publications. The analysis demonstrates that flood events should not be understood solely as natural occurrences, but rather as ecological consequences arising from the failure to fulfill contractual obligations embedded in forest utilization permits. From a contract law perspective, forestry concessions establish binding legal relationships that impose environmental protection duties on permit holders in accordance with the principle of pacta sunt servanda. Logging activities that exceed authorized limits may therefore be classified as contractual default (wanprestasi) and, at the same time, constitute unlawful acts that cause harm to the state and affected communities. Accordingly, this study underscores the necessity of strengthening environmental protection clauses within concession agreements and applying strict liability principles to enhance legal responsibility and prevent recurring environmental harm.

This study is motivated by the high frequency and significant impacts of flooding in Indonesia, particularly the recurrent flooding of the Kali Lamong River in Gresik Regency, which causes substantial socio-economic losses each year. Although disaster management is normatively regulated by national policies, its effectiveness depends largely on collaborative governance among multiple actors. This study aims to analyze the practice of collaborative governance in flood mitigation in Gresik Regency using the model of Weber, Lovrich, and Gaffney (2005), which includes vertical, horizontal, and partnership dimensions, and to identify the key challenges that hinder its implementation. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed in flood-affected areas along the Kali Lamong River, involving BPBD, DPUTR, sub-district governments, village authorities, and local communities through interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that collaboration has been established and functions relatively well, particularly in hierarchical coordination, division of roles among government agencies, strengthening of Destana, KENCANA, and SPAB programs, as well as CSR involvement and community participation all contributing to reduced flood duration. However, the implementation of collaborative governance remains constrained by slow land acquisition and infrastructure development, a predominantly reactive orientation, suboptimal early-warning systems between upstream and downstream areas, and uneven support from the private sector and academia. The study concludes that strengthening collaborative mechanisms and accelerating the resolution of structural barriers are essential to achieve more sustainable flood mitigation efforts in Gresik.

This study aims to analyze the level of flood hazard in Baturaja Barat District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, by applying a spatial approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) through the overlay method. The analysis was carried out by integrating six main physical parameters, namely rainfall, land use, elevation, slope, river density, and soil type. Each parameter was assigned a score and weight according to its influence on flood potential and subsequently processed spatially to produce a flood hazard map. The results indicate that the Baturaja Barat District area is classified into three hazard levels: low (3.25%), moderate (70.64%), and high (25.84%). Areas with high hazard levels are predominantly characterized by densely populated settlements situated at low elevations and in close proximity to river networks, particularly in Tanjung Karang, Air Gading, Talang Jawa, Karang Agung, and surrounding villages. These findings highlight that land-use changes, topographic conditions, and the distribution of river networks play significant roles in increasing flood risk. The results of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for spatial planning, the strengthening of disaster mitigation policies, and the enhancement of community preparedness against flood hazards in the region.

Abstract Kebakaran merupakan salah satu bencana yang dapat mengancam keselamatan jiwa dan harta benda, khususnya di lingkungan hunian padat seperti rumah kos. Kos Putri Kanaya Projo merupakan salah satu kos putri di Ungaran Timur, Kabupaten Semarang, yang berisiko tinggi mengalami kebakaran akibat kelalaian penghuni dalam penggunaan peralatan listrik maupun kompor gas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membangun sistem pendeteksi kebakaran dini berbasis mikrokontroler dengan dukungan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT).  Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan mikrokontroler ESP32 yang terhubung dengan sensor MQ-2 (asap/gas), sensor PIR (api), dan sensor DHT22 (suhu/kelembapan). Output sistem berupa notifikasi peringatan pada aplikasi Blynk, buzzer sebagai alarm suara, serta tampilan informasi melalui LCD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah prototyping dengan tahapan perancangan, implementasi, pengujian, serta penyempurnaan sistem. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mendeteksi asap, gas, suhu tinggi, dan api dengan akurasi di atas 90% serta memberikan notifikasi peringatan melalui aplikasi Blynk dengan waktu respon kurang dari 10 detik. Dengan demikian, sistem ini efektif sebagai solusi deteksi dini kebakaran pada lingkungan kos sehingga dapat meningkatkan keamanan dan meminimalisir risiko kerugian material maupun korban jiwa

This study examines the collaboration between the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) and community organizations, specifically the Forum for Disaster Risk Reduction (FPRB), in implementing community-based disaster mitigation policies in Tamanayu Village, Lumajang. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research explores the dynamics, processes, challenges, and successes of collaborative efforts in disaster risk reduction (DRR) at the local level. The analysis highlights the significance of participatory strategies, local knowledge, and community empowerment in enhancing disaster preparedness and resilience. The involvement of multiple stakeholders—including government, community members, academia, private sector, and media—underpins the practice of the Pentahelix concept, fostering an integrated approach to disaster mitigation. The findings reveal that effective collaboration depends heavily on mutual trust, shared understanding, and a robust institutional framework that embeds disaster mitigation within the social fabric of the community. Challenges identified include coordination issues, limited resources, bureaucratic barriers, and disparities in perception and capacity among stakeholders. Despite these obstacles, the community's proactive measures, such as self-organized simulations and local resource utilization, demonstrate increasing resilience and capacity. The study underscores the importance of strengthening local institutional support, continuous capacity building, and the integration of indigenous knowledge to ensure the sustainability of disaster mitigation efforts. Furthermore, strategic alignment and synchronization between BPBD's top-down policies and bottom-up community initiatives are crucial for effective implementation. The research provides valuable insights into how participatory governance and community empowerment can lead to more resilient societies capable of adapting to evolving risks, including climate-change impacts.

Background: Central Sulawesi has experienced a high frequency of natural disasters, with 111 recorded incidents in 2023 and 238 in 2022. The province was also designated as a high-risk disaster area in 2021. Blood pressure and cholesterol screenings are essential tools for diagnosing diseases, identifying risk factors, tracking disease progression, and assessing the effectiveness of treatments. Objective: This initiative aimed to provide free health screenings and offer basic food assistance to the community. Methods: The screenings were conducted in Wombo Village, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi. Results: The community health screenings revealed that the majority of adults and elderly participants had normal blood pressure and cholesterol levels. However, 5 individuals were found to have high blood pressure, while 20 participants exhibited normal levels. Additionally, 25 individuals had normal cholesterol levels. Conclusion: The screening results indicated that while most participants were in good health, a small percentage had elevated blood pressure, which warrants further attention. This initiative successfully provided free healthcare services and essential food support to the community.

Background: Central Sulawesi has experienced a high frequency of natural disasters, with 111 recorded incidents in 2023 and 238 in 2022. The province was also designated as a high-risk disaster area in 2021. Blood pressure and cholesterol screenings are essential tools for diagnosing diseases, identifying risk factors, tracking disease progression, and assessing the effectiveness of treatments. Objective: This initiative aimed to provide free health screenings and offer basic food assistance to the community. Methods: The screenings were conducted in Wombo Village, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency, Central Sulawesi. Results: The community health screenings revealed that the majority of adults and elderly participants had normal blood pressure and cholesterol levels. However, 5 individuals were found to have high blood pressure, while 20 participants exhibited normal levels. Additionally, 25 individuals had normal cholesterol levels. Conclusion: The screening results indicated that while most participants were in good health, a small percentage had elevated blood pressure, which warrants further attention. This initiative successfully provided free healthcare services and essential food support to the community.

Indonesia is highly susceptible to natural disasters owing to its geographical location at the intersection of three major tectonic plates. Effective disaster mitigation requires active community participation through education and tangible environmental conservation measures. This community engagement initiative aimed to strengthen community capacity for disaster mitigation and environmental preservation through cross-sectoral collaboration involving the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the Faculty of Agriculture at Pattimura University, and the Sagu Salempeng GPM Foundation. Implementation methods comprised disaster mitigation education, extension services on conservation plant cultivation, memorandum of understanding (MoU) signing, and seedling distribution to 12 representatives from 6 villages in Ambon City, Maluku region. Outcomes revealed enhanced community comprehension of disaster mitigation concepts and strengthened commitment toward planting productive species for environmental conservation purposes. This initiative contributes to community resilience development and reinforces Indonesia's Disaster Resilient Village program.

This study aims to analyze the interfaith solidarity of UINSU Law students after natural disasters in North Sumatra and Aceh and to identify the forms of social activities and humanitarian values developed through these humanitarian actions. The research method used is a qualitative method with a field research approach through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research data sources were obtained from students, social volunteers, and disaster-affected communities involved in humanitarian activities. The results of the study indicate that UINSU Law students have an important role in helping communities through fundraising activities, humanitarian volunteers, psychosocial assistance, and interfaith cooperation. The interfaith solidarity carried out by the students was able to strengthen social relationships, increase tolerance, and create social harmony in post-disaster communities. In addition, the values of religious moderation, social concern, and unity became the main foundations of the students’ humanitarian activities. The presence of students among disaster victims gave a positive impact on the social recovery process and strengthened the sense of brotherhood and humanity within Indonesia’s multicultural society.

Nabire Regency, located in Central Papua Province, is among the regions highly vulnerable to flooding due to persistent and intense rainfall throughout the year. Flood disasters generate multifaceted impacts, including economic losses caused by property damage and business disruptions, social issues such as health problems and psychological distress, and environmental degradation in the form of erosion and water pollution. This study aims to formulate mitigation and adaptation strategies for flood disasters by analyzing community perceptions and evaluating existing measures. The research employs the Likert Scale method to assess public perception and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach to determine the most effective strategies for mitigation and adaptation. The findings reveal that the community possesses a solid understanding of flood events and acknowledges the necessity of implementing mitigation and adaptation efforts. The AHP analysis indicates that the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) plays a crucial role in executing flood management strategies, particularly within the environmental management domain. The primary recommended strategy is environmental planning and management. Through an integrated and sustainable approach, flood risks are expected to be mitigated more effectively, minimizing adverse impacts on both the community and the environment in Nabire Regency.

The Info BMKG application is a digital platform developed by the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) to provide information on weather, earthquakes, air quality, and early disaster warnings. This application is expected to enhance public preparedness in facing potential natural disasters. However, in its implementation, the Info BMKG application still encounters several issues, one of which is delays in delivering weather and disaster information. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Info BMKG application in providing weather and disaster information. The research applies Budiani's (2007) theory, using four indicators: Program Target Accuracy, Program Socialization, Program Objectives, and Program Monitoring. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that the Info BMKG application has made a significant contribution to supporting public preparedness for disasters. While the application is relatively effective in providing weather and disaster information in North Jakarta, further development is still needed. Improvements in information accuracy, notification speed, and enhanced public socialization will help improve the quality of the application’s services in the future.

Earthquakes are natural disasters that frequently occur in coastal areas, posing significant threats to the survival and well-being of local communities. Due to the high vulnerability of these regions, it is crucial for the population to possess adequate preparedness and a strong sense of self-efficacy in responding to such disasters. Self-efficacy, referring to an individual's belief in their ability to overcome challenges or manage difficult situations, is considered a key factor in preparing for and responding to earthquakes. Previous studies have shown that individuals with higher levels of self-efficacy are more likely to be better prepared for natural disasters, including earthquakes. This study aims to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and earthquake preparedness in the Parangtritis community, specifically in Dusun Sono. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the extent to which self-efficacy is related to earthquake preparedness. This study employs a descriptive correlational approach with a cross-sectional design, allowing the researcher to identify the relationship between two variables at a single point in time. A sample of 85 respondents was selected using purposive sampling, based on specific characteristics relevant to the research objectives. The respondents were from the Dusun Sono community, Parangtritis. Data were analyzed using Kendall’s Tau test to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and preparedness for earthquake disasters. The analysis revealed that 74.1% of respondents exhibited high self-efficacy, and 49.9% demonstrated good preparedness. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between self-efficacy and earthquake preparedness, with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05), suggesting that the results are highly unlikely to have occurred by chance. Additionally, the correlation coefficient of 0.615 indicates a moderate strength of the relationship between the two variables. These findings provide strong evidence that higher levels of self-efficacy are associated with better preparedness for earthquake disasters.

Kaloran Village is an area characterized by steep slope topography that makes it vulnerable to landslides, especially during the rainy season with high rainfall intensity. Although the landslide risk level in this village is still relatively low and has never caused any casualties, the potential for material losses and psychosocial impacts that may arise still need to be seriously anticipated. Disaster risk reduction efforts in Kaloran Village are carried out through the Disaster Resilient Village Work Program (Destana), which aims to increase the capacity and capability of the community in facing disaster threats. The program implementation method consists of three main stages: preparation through focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews with stakeholders, preparation of the Destana document containing mitigation strategies and steps, and community empowerment through socialization activities and preparedness training. The results of the study indicate that Kaloran Village is categorized as a Medium Resilient Village with a resilience score of 68.97. This achievement serves as an important basis for strengthening the village preparedness system, which is followed up with the establishment of the Disaster Risk Reduction Forum (FPRB) "Kaloran Tangguh Rescue" as a community coordination forum. In addition, evacuation route maps were produced, which serve as technical guidance in the event of a disaster, and the development of the Destana (Disaster Preparedness and Disaster Management) and Contingency Plan (Renkon) documents, which serve as official guidelines for disaster mitigation and management efforts at the village level. This program demonstrates that active community participation, collaboration between stakeholders, and the development of strategic documents can strengthen village preparedness for the threat of landslides.

Floods are one of the most common natural disasters and have a significant impact on the social, economic, and environmental aspects of society. This is particularly evident in the community of East Sorong District. East Sorong District is one of the areas frequently affected by floods, and this inevitably leads to numerous risks and consequences. There are several causes of flooding in the Sorong Timur District, including extreme rainfall, inadequate drainage systems due to trash blockages, uncontrolled land use changes resulting in overpopulation, and the loss of forest areas or green spaces that could function as water absorption zones. Additionally, the lack of flood control systems and weak oversight of development in flood-prone areas can exacerbate flood disaster risks. This study aims to analyze and measure the resilience of the Sorong Timur District in facing flood disasters through an evaluation approach focusing on infrastructure, service facilities, socio-economic factors, community capacity and preparedness, and institutional aspects. It was concluded that the infrastructure variable is still moderate, while the socio-economic variable, basic capacity, and community preparedness, as well as institutional capacity, are still low. Meanwhile, service facilities are also low. Overall, it can be concluded that the resilience of the Sorong Timur district in facing hydrometeorological disasters is weak.

Holtekamp Beach is a coastal area in Jayapura City that is very prone to abrasion due to sea waves because it is located directly opposite the Pacific Ocean. Abrasion and environmental damage on the coast of Holtekamp Beach are influenced by several interconnected factors that can have an impact on environmental problems. The research aims to analyze the impact of abrasion on the Holtekamp coastal area using survey and interview methods. Furthermore, data analysis is carried out by utilizing SWOT Analysis. This research was conducted from May to June 2025. The results showed that there are 4 (four) priority strategies that can be used as a basis for developing a strategy for Abrasion Disaster Risk Management Strategy in the Holtekamp Coastal Area of Jayapura City, namely; a) Increasing cooperation & coordination between stakeholders, namely the community and local government in achieving abrasion disaster management programs in the Holtekamp Coastal Area of Jayapura City; b) Optimizing supervision of development development/tourist lodges in the coastal area of Holtekamp Beach; c) Community participation is needed to maintain infrastructure that has been built and increase their awareness of environmental issues.d) Construction of wave breakers that function to reduce waves.

This study aims to determine the influence of motivation on employee performance at the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) Office of Sidenreng Rappang Regency. Motivation is seen as one of the fundamental factors in human resource development because it can encourage increased work morale, effectiveness, and efficiency in carrying out employee duties and responsibilities. Highly motivated employees will be encouraged to work more disciplined, creative, and productive, so that they can make a positive contribution to the achievement of organizational goals, especially in public service and disaster management.nThis study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The sampling technique chosen is a saturated sample, namely all employees and honorary personnel at BPBD Sidenreng Rappang Regency are made respondents. This consideration is made because the population is relatively small so that it can be reached as a whole. The research data was collected using a questionnaire compiled based on indicators of work motivation and employee performance, then analyzed using a simple regression test to determine the relationship and influence between variables.nThe results showed that the calculated t value of 2.167 was greater than the t table of 2.048 at a significance level of 5%. This proves that there is a positive and significant influence between motivation on employee performance. Motivation contributes 15.7% to performance improvement, while the rest is influenced by other factors such as work discipline, work environment, competence, and leadership. Nevertheless, these findings emphasize that motivation continues to play an important role as the main driver of employee performance.nThus, increasing motivation through the provision of awards, incentives, and continuous coaching can be an important strategy in strengthening the quality of performance of BPBD employees in Sidenreng Rappang Regency.

Flooding is a hydrometeorological disaster that frequently occurs in Jayapura City, especially in the catchment areas along the Acai River Basin. One of the main factors causing flooding is increased sedimentation triggered by massive land-use changes. This study aims to analyze the relationship between land conversion, increased sedimentation, and flooding in the catchment areas belonging to the Acai River during the period 2014–2024. The method used is a mixed-method approach that combines quantitative, qualitative, and spatial analysis. Data were collected through satellite image interpretation, field surveys, sedimentation measurements, and interviews with the community and related agencies. Spatial analysis was conducted to identify the dynamics of land-use changes and sedimentation zoning. Meanwhile, hydrological analysis was conducted using the Mononobe method and rational calculations to calculate the maximum flood discharge based on annual rainfall and runoff coefficient. The results of the study indicate that over the past decade there has been an increase in built-up land area of ​​more than 80%, which has resulted in an increase in runoff coefficients from 0.223 in 2014 to 0.370 in 2024. The maximum flood discharge has also increased significantly from 60.56 m³/s to 100.41 m³/s. Furthermore, river sedimentation has also increased drastically, especially in the middle and downstream parts of the watershed. The correlation map shows that areas experiencing significant land use conversion are also locations with high sedimentation levels and recurrent flooding. These findings indicate a strong link between land use conversion and increased flood risk through sedimentation mechanisms that provide river channel capacity. Therefore, an integrated watershed management strategy is needed, including controlling land use conversion and restoring riverbank vegetation to minimize the impact of future flooding.

This study examines disaster mitigation efforts in minimizing disaster risk in Manado City and identifies the key challenges as well as the strategies implemented by the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD: Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah). Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through interviews, direct observations, and document analysis, with the Head of BPBD serving as the primary informant. The analysis was conducted using Miles et al.’s (2014) interactive model, which consists of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing, thereby ensuring systematic interpretation of findings.The results indicate that disaster mitigation efforts in Manado consist of both passive and active strategies. Passive measures include strengthening institutional frameworks, enhancing governance capacity, integrating disaster management planning into regional development programs, and advancing education and research to support long-term disaster risk reduction. In contrast, active mitigation emphasizes community-based actions, such as the installation of disaster warning signs, the provision of basic disaster training for officials and volunteers, the establishment of temporary evacuation shelters, and the implementation of both structural interventions (e.g., drainage construction, flood control) and non-structural measures (e.g., socialization, counseling, and public campaigns). Despite these initiatives, several challenges persist. Limited public awareness, inadequate infrastructure and facilities, a shortage of skilled human resources, weak planning and socialization, complex disaster causes, and environmental vulnerabilities all reduce the overall effectiveness of disaster risk reduction efforts. To address these obstacles, BPBD Manado fosters collaboration with various stakeholders, including government institutions, academia, non-governmental organizations, and local community groups. Moreover, the agency emphasizes the use of disaster risk assessments and hazard mapping as evidence-based foundations for policy formulation and implementation.

Manado City is an area that is vulnerable to floods and landslides, but until now the effectiveness of disaster management still faces serious challenges due to low community involvement in mitigation planning. This study aims to analyze the role of participatory planning in improving community-based disaster preparedness, with a focus on how the Manado City Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD: Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah) involves the community in the process of formulating disaster strategies. Using a non-empirical qualitative approach through a literature study method, data were obtained from scientific journals, policy documents, and institutional reports that were analyzed thematically and contextually with reference to the framework of community participation and disaster risk management. The results of the study show that community involvement is still at a symbolic level, limited to the implementation stage, and has not touched the strategic planning process in a meaningful way. Lack of institutional capacity, low disaster literacy, and absence of formal participatory mechanisms are the main inhibiting factors. As a result, disaster programs are often not aligned with local needs and have an impact on low preparedness effectiveness. This study concludes that strengthening community participation in disaster planning is needed to build a more adaptive and iterative preparedness system. Theoretically, the study broadens the understanding of the relevance of participatory planning approaches in community-based disaster management, while practically, the findings provide recommendations for BPBDs and local governments to develop more collaborative and local needs-based policies as a step towards sustainable disaster resilience. 

Extreme weather events in Bintan Regency increased from 34 incidents in 2023 to 45 incidents in 2024, marked by strong winds and heavy rainfall, which caused damage to residential homes and disrupted community activities. This study aims to determine the mitigation strategies of the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of Bintan Regency. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The study is based on Fred R. David’s theory (2016). The results of this study show that the Strategy Formulation has been fully implemented in formulating the vision and mission of BPBD Bintan regarding disaster mitigation. However, the identification of internal and external environments has not been optimal due to issues such as the wide geographical coverage of Bintan Regency and the lack of transportation facilities. The Strategy Implementation indicates that the execution by BPBD Bintan is not yet fully optimal, as some community members have not received the planned activities. The Strategy Evaluation shows that BPBD Bintan's performance has been optimal, as evidenced by the Government Institution Performance Report (LAKIP), which states that the agency has achieved 100% of its service targets for those who received services. However, field findings reveal that community understanding and preparedness are still lacking due to the absence of outreach and training programs, which are hindered by factors such as the unestablished Disaster-Resilient Villages (Destana/Katana). Nevertheless, the community perceives BPBD Bintan’s response in providing aid during disasters as satisfactory.