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Electric vehicles use a power source from electrical energy to be converted into kinetic energy. The electrical energy source is stored in the battery. The battery charging process can be done using power sources from Solar Panels and PLN. Based on the analysis of the measurement results, it can be concluded that (1) recharging the battery using Solar Panels from minimum to maximum conditions takes 4 hours 38 minutes, and (2) recharging the battery using PLN from minimum to maximum conditions takes 2 hours.

This research aims to design and test a genset fuel conversion system from gasoline to HHO gas (brown gas) as a more environmentally friendly alternative. Conventional fossil-fueled generators face challenges in theform of limited resources and the impact of environmental pollution. In this study, HHO gas is produced through a water electrolysis process using an HHO generator that separates water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen using electric current. The test results show that increasing the voltage from 2.58 V to 5.12 V significantly increases the volume of gas produced. At a voltage of 2.58 V, the gas volume reached 110 ml, and increased to 750 ml at a voltage of 4.72 V. The generator set was successfully operated for 1 minute 15 seconds with HHO gas using a separate battery power source. These results demonstrate the potential of HHO gas as an efficient alternative fuel for generator sets. This study recommends further testing with voltage and current variations to find the optimal configuration, as well as the use of a larger power source to increase the efficiency of HHO gas electrolysis.

The rapid advancement of technology has led to an increasing demand for electrical energy. One of the efforts to meet this demand is the development of micro-capacity power generation systems utilizing heat energy. Heat energy can be harnessed using thermoelectric elements. This study aims to design and develop a portable power generation system that utilizes solar heat as an energy source. The prototype uses six TEC 1-12706 thermoelectric modules to generate electricity designed specifically to recharge devices such as phones, power banks, and flashlights. Solar heat is concentrated on the thermoelectric modules using Fresnel lenses, while heatsinks are employed for cooling. The thermoelectric modules are connected in series to produce sufficient voltage, which is then boosted by a boost converter. The generated electrical energy is stored in a battery to ensure voltage stability despite temperature fluctuations. This device can also operate at night due to the energy stored in the battery. Test results show that the average output voltage without load ranges from 9.49V to 9.56V, with an average temperature of 45.2°C at the thermoelectric modules. In load tests, the device successfully charged a Pixel 5 phone (5000 mAh battery) from 4% to 70% in 95 minutes. These results demonstrate the potential of this system as a reliable and environmentally friendly portable energy solution.

The building to be utilized should undergo regular inspections and performance testing to determine whether it can function and operate according to its intended use. Compliance with administrative and technical regulations governing the utilization of buildings is demonstrated through the issuance of a Building Worthiness Certificate (SLF). This study aims to assess the compatibility of the building's function with the conditions during the planning phase and evaluate the structural feasibility of the building. It also seeks to implement the provisions of Government Regulation No. 16 of 2021 regarding the Implementation of Law No. 28 of 2002 on Buildings. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the structural suitability of the MSC Indosat Baturaden building has changed compared to the planned building. Initially designed as a battery storage building, it is currently used as an MSC building or a facility for storing batteries and servers. Additionally, there are discrepancies in the area specified in the original Building Permit (IMB) compared to the current building. Further analysis of the building's structure and the application of current regulations regarding structural serviceability, including dynamic load analysis (earthquake), inter-story drift analysis, P-Delta analysis, and structural cross-section checks, concluded that the building is safe as it meets the requirements specified in SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. The highest structural cross-section capacity ratio was 0.2 < 1, and the inter-story drift value was 0.023 < 0.07. The existing concrete material meets the structural standards, with a characteristic compressive strength of 28.98 MPa. The results of the rebar scan detector test showed that the type of reinforcement used complies with the standards specified during the planning phase, referring to SNI 07–0408–1989. Overall, the structural analysis results for the MSC Indosat Baturaden building indicate that the building is safe and remains fit for use.    

In the future, electric vehicles will become the primary choice for transportation due to their environmentally friendly nature and zero carbon emissions. Electric vehicles use batteries as their main source of energy, which can be recharged by continuously flowing electric current. However, uncontrolled charging can cause overcharge to the battery. Therefore, this study aims to find an efficient strategy to control the voltage using fast charging algorithms for electric vehicles. The method used includes the design of a fast charging circuit, battery assembly, and fast charging testing. The results show that the fast charging circuit uses a buck converter circuit combined with a charger circuit to produce a specification of 48 Volts 6 Amperes. The capacitor and resistor components on the output affect the charging speed, and charging is considered fast charging when it reaches 40% battery capacity within 2 hours of charging.

The increasing number of motor vehicles in Indonesia produces repetitive mechanical loads on road surfaces that are rarely converted into useful energy. This study designs and evaluates a piezoelectric energy-harvesting speed bump intended to support low-power street lighting. The prototype integrates 25 piezoelectric discs (50 mm diameter) connected in series, an AC–DC bridge rectifier, a 2.7 V/500 F supercapacitor for short-term storage, and a DC–DC step-up converter to charge a 12 V battery. Field tests used a motorcycle at speeds of 5, 10, and 15 km/h with rider masses of 48, 70, and 79 kg; each condition was repeated ten times and averaged. Output voltage, current, and electrical energy per pass were measured after rectification. Results indicate that higher speed and mass increase electrical output, with a peak energy of 0.021 J at 15 km/h and 70 kg and an estimated conversion efficiency of about 0.20%. After repeated charging cycles, stored energy powered a 12 V/20 W LED lamp for several minutes. The proposed integration of series piezoelectric elements with supercapacitor buffering and step-up regulation demonstrates a feasible micro-energy harvester for traffic-dense areas and provides a basis for durability and scaling studies. Future work addresses packaging, fatigue, and multi-vehicle loading.

The Indonesian government issued Presidential Regulation Number 79 of 2023, amending Presidential Regulation Number 55 of 2019, to accelerate the adoption of battery-based electric vehicles (BEVs) and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through incentives. These incentives, both fiscal and non-fiscal, aim to encourage the public to switch to electric vehicles. However, the environmental impact of electric vehicles needs consideration in the context of sustainable transport. This study analyzes the challenges of the incentive policy in promoting BEVs and its potential connection to greenwashing practices, aiming to develop effective solutions for environmental issues related to these incentives. Using a normative juridical approach, the research relies on secondary data, including primary legal materials and secondary sources like textbooks, journals, expert opinions, and jurisprudence. The findings highlight the need for supervision in providing incentives and suggest prioritizing the electrification of public vehicles to achieve sustainable green transportation. Additionally, the study emphasizes strengthening non-motorized and electricity-based public transportation modes and transitioning to renewable energy sources to mitigate environmental impacts.  

Sea water pollution is an increasingly urgent global issue, caused by various factors such as industrial waste, household waste, and ship activities. One of the solutions needed to overcome this pollution is the development of a detection system that is able to monitor polluting substances quickly, accurately, and efficiently. This research aims to design and build a microcontroller-based seawater pollution detection system, which can identify various pollution parameters in real-time. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method to develop a system consisting of several main components, including a pH sensor, turbidity sensor, Arduino Uno, GPS module, Raspberry Pi 4, USB camera, LiPo battery, and step-down converter. Each component is tested individually before being integrated into the overall system. The results of testing in a real environment show that the system is able to detect seawater pollution parameters with high accuracy. However, there are some errors in data collection, especially in the camera sensor with a percentage error of 32%, turbidity sensor 20%, and pH sensor 24%. Further improvements and developments were made based on the evaluation results to enhance system performance. The resulting system is considered accurate, reliable and easy to use, making an important contribution to efforts to protect seawater quality and mitigate the negative impacts of pollution on the environment and human health.

The Indonesian government issued Presidential Regulation Number 79 of 2023, amending Presidential Regulation Number 55 of 2019, to accelerate the adoption of battery-based electric vehicles (BEVs) and reduce greenhouse gas emissions through incentives. These incentives, both fiscal and non-fiscal, aim to encourage the public to switch to electric vehicles. However, the environmental impact of electric vehicles needs consideration in the context of sustainable transport. This study analyzes the challenges of the incentive policy in promoting BEVs and its potential connection to greenwashing practices, aiming to develop effective solutions for environmental issues related to these incentives. Using a normative juridical approach, the research relies on secondary data, including primary legal materials and secondary sources like textbooks, journals, expert opinions, and jurisprudence. The findings highlight the need for supervision in providing incentives and suggest prioritizing the electrification of public vehicles to achieve sustainable green transportation. Additionally, the study emphasizes strengthening non-motorized and electricity-based public transportation modes and transitioning to renewable energy sources to mitigate environmental impacts.

Growing demand for electricity savings has led to the development of an automatic LED emergency light system. It is based on providing light when the power is cut off. Once fully charged, the battery ceases charging, and in the event of a power failure, the LEDs are automatically powered by the battery. The project focuses on two primary functions: it automatically activates during power outages to give illumination, eliminating the need to search for the switch, and the battery rapidly begins recharging as the main power is restored. The emergency light is crucial due to the inconsistent voltage distribution and frequent power outages in operational regions of communities and diverse enterprises. The system includes a power supply that converts 230V AC to 12V DC, a relay that uses a control pulse to alternate between connecting the battery to the LEDs and isolating it, and a rechargeable Li-ion battery that supplies power to the LEDs during blackouts. The parallel-connected LEDs light up during a power outage in the circuits. The circuit architecture shown here serves to mitigate the entire discharge of the battery, hence enhancing the battery's longevity. Key components of the system include a step-down transformer, a bridge circuit to convert AC to DC, a Zener diode to maintain voltage stability, capacitors for energy storage, and various diodes to control current flow. The project highlights the advantages of LED emergency lights, such as efficiency, longevity, and minimal energy waste, though it acknowledges the higher initial cost and temperature sensitivity as disadvantages. The automatic LED emergency light is suitable for use in homes, offices, retail shops, and other commercial settings. The project demonstrates a cost-effective and compact solution that enhances daily life by providing reliable lighting during power failures.

In simplifying the process of monitoring the temperature of electric vehicle batteries, especially in discharging conditions, a remote electric vehicle battery temperature monitoring system was created. The problem with the previous monitoring system was that there was no electric battery temperature monitoring system, so users could not monitor the temperature condition of the vehicle battery when in use. The purpose of this study is to design an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electric vehicle battery temperature monitoring device system using the web and add a data logger to monitor battery temperature remotely and find out the difference in temperature values from the device with a thermogun. And the addition of a cut off feature when the battery overheats as one of the safety. The research method uses experiments, namely by comparing the speed between 30km/h and 50km/h and comparing the readings of the monitoring device with a thermogun. In proving the performance of the monitoring equipment, it is carried out with a distance of 1km, 2km, and 3km and in sloping road conditions. The data obtained were then analyzed using the paired T-test method. The results of the study showed that the tool worked quite well with the highest error value of 3.88%. And the battery temperature value between the speed of 30km/h and 50km/h is a significant difference with a P-value result of 0.035 which means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted.

In the context of rapidly evolving mobile technology, memory management has become an important aspect that determines the efficiency and effectiveness of Android operating systems, particularly on mid- range smartphones. The objective of this research is to identify, analyze and develop memory management strategies that can improve the performance of the Android operating system on resource-constrained devices. Using an experimental approach, this study evaluates various memory management techniques, including the use of optimized caches, memory compression, and page replacement algorithms, to determine the most effective combination to improve system responsiveness and performance. The results show that the implementation of appropriate memory management strategies can significantly improve operating system performance and user experience while extending battery life. These findings provide valuable information for application developers and device manufacturers to optimize their products for mid-range smartphone competition.

This research aims to develop an efficient battery monitoring system using the ESP8266 module and INA219 sensor. Monitoring the battery condition effectively is crucial in various applications, especially in portable systems or isolated systems where real-time supervision is required. The method used in this research is the utilization of the ESP8266 module as the main microcontroller connected to the INA219 sensor to monitor the battery voltage, current, and power in real-time. The data obtained by the INA219 sensor is transmitted through the WiFi network managed by ESP8266 to a server or monitoring platform accessible to users via Blynk a web-based application or mobile application. The test results show that the system is capable of providing accurate information about the battery condition, including the charge level, usage current, and potential issues such as overcharge or undercharge. The implementation of this system is expected to be applicable in various applications, including renewable energy systems, portable devices, and electric vehicles, to improve battery performance and safety. The INA219 module as a voltage and current sensor found a voltage reading error percentage with a range of 0%-0.66% and an average of 0.18%. For readings at current with an error range of 0.91%-7.57%. For internal resistance readings which are calculated based on dividing the clamp voltage value by the circuit current, an error range of 0.04% -30.36% is found.

The drill method is serious repetitive activities do the same thing to strengthen or hone skills and make it permanent. The aim of this research is 1) To find out how to apply the drill method in mathematics lessons in class 4 at SDN 039 Air Terbit, 2) To find out whether the drill method is able to overcome students’ difficulties in understanding mathematics lessons, 3) To increase students’ learning motivation by applying the drill method in mathematics lessons in class 4 at SDN 039 Air Terbit. The method in this research uses classroom action research.. PTK is an approach to improving education through change by encouraging teachers to think about ttheir own practice so that they are critical of these actors an teachers want to change them. The results of this research are that students’ learning motivation is increasing. This can be seen from the results of the initial test. Learning engagement increased from 30% to 45% at the end of cycle 1 test and increased again at the end of cycle 2 test to 80%.  So from the test result above it can be concluded that learning using the drill method can increase students’ learning motivation in mathematics lessons, the material on operations for calculating fractions can be seen from the increased learning result, so student motivation also increases.

The development of smartphone technology is becoming faster and more diverse, so consumers are often faced with problems in choosing smartphones that fit their needs and budgets. Decision Support System (DPS) can help consumers make the right decisions. The purpose of this research is to design the best smartphone decision support system using the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. The SAW method is used to calculate the weight of smartphone attributes such as Price, Internal Memory, Smartphone Processing Performance and Speed, Camera Quality, Battery Capacity so that it can provide a solution to consumers in choosing smartphones according to their wishes and needs.    

Indonesia is one of the countries in Southeast Asia rich in nickel reserves, so this has become an attraction for foreign investors to compete to invest amid a drastic increase in market demand for lithium batteries for electric vehicles. Tesla, Inc. became one of the investors who showed interest in the potential for establishing a lithium-ion battery factory for electric vehicles. Indonesia is aware of Tesla's enthusiasm in trying to conduct intense negotiations and lobbying because these MNCs have several advantages in terms of advanced features and acceleration, as well as adhering to green principles. The author's aim in raising this issue is to reflect on Indonesia's long process of building government-to-business negotiations and lobbying with Tesla, where Indonesia sees this opportunity as a step to pursue national interests. The method used in this research is based on a literature study through secondary data collection. The findings from this research are that both Indonesia and Tesla use a rational approach and integrative strategy in negotiating investment cooperation. However, Indonesia's optimistic attitude is reflected in experiencing various challenges, including competition from competitors from other countries and unsustainable nickel mining problems.

Based on national policy, renewable energy is a source of energy that can be renewed, such as water, geothermal, sun, biomass, wind, changes in sea temperature, biogas, biofuel and sea waves. The sun is a type of renewable energy that is used to fulfill human needs. This condition is because the sun is basically eternal or never runs out, so its use is easier than other renewable energy. PLTS is a power plant that converts sunlight energy into electrical energy, often called a solar cell. This design is intended to study the hybrid PLTS design system to reduce dependence on electrical energy from PLN. A hybrid system is a system that uses two energy sources which will then back up each other. The results of this test in the solar panel test, the highest voltage was 17.51 ​​and the highest current produced by the solar panel was 4.12, and the battery charging test for 9 hours was 51.85Ah. Weather conditions and time differences cause the light intensity received by the panel to produce varying values, voltage, current and power due to uncertain weather conditions.

Data transmission efficiency is crucial in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where limited battery life and signal reliability are significant concerns. This research explores various machine learning algorithms aimed at optimizing data transmission in WSNs, focusing on reducing energy consumption and enhancing network stability. Simulation results indicate marked improvements in efficiency, making WSNs more viable for long-term deployment across diverse environments.

Battery storage systems are essential for stabilizing renewable energy grids, especially for sources like solar and wind power that are inherently variable. This study evaluates various battery technologies and their effectiveness in storing and redistributing energy within renewable energy grids. Through simulations and analysis of performance metrics, the study offers insights into optimal operating conditions for different battery types, highlighting their role in enabling sustainable and stable energy distribution.

This study focuses on optimizing electric vehicle (EV) battery recycling through the use of green chemical processes and circular economy principles. The research aims to enhance the recovery of valuable metals lithium, cobalt, and nickel from used lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in an environmentally sustainable manner. Green solvents were employed as a safer alternative to conventional, toxic chemicals, minimizing hazardous waste emissions and improving the efficiency of the recycling process. Experimental results showed that the green solvent-based process achieved high recovery rates of 90% for cobalt, 87% for nickel, and 85% for lithium, with metal purity levels exceeding 95% for all three metals. The study also examined the scalability of the green solvent method, revealing its potential to offer more sustainable and cost-effective solutions compared to traditional methods, which typically involve high temperatures and toxic chemicals. Despite the promising results, challenges such as solvent recovery and the adaptation of the process for large-scale industrial applications remain. Nonetheless, the study demonstrates that integrating green solvent-based recycling into the global EV supply chain can significantly reduce environmental impacts, conserve resources, and support the transition to a circular economy. The findings highlight the potential of this recycling method to provide a more sustainable and efficient solution for EV battery recycling, ultimately contributing to the development of a more sustainable EV industry.