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The discharge of surfactant-laden wastewater from the rapidly expanding laundry industry poses significant environmental risks, especially in densely populated urban areas. While constructed wetlands (CWs) and Eco-Enzyme technology have shown promise for surfactant remediation, their standalone application requires long hydraulic retention times (HRTs), limiting practical implementation. This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel integrated system combining a subsurface constructed wetland (SSFCW) with fruit peel-derived Eco-Enzyme to treat synthetic laundry wastewater. Over a 6-day treatment period, the combined system achieved a remarkable surfactant removal efficiency of 99.63%, reducing the concentration from 225 mg/L to 0.835 mg/L—well below the regulatory threshold of 3 mg/L. The synergistic degradation mechanism involves enzymatic hydrolysis via Eco-Enzyme lipase and protease activity, complemented by microbial mineralization in the wetland rhizosphere. This system maintains optimal environmental conditions, with a stable pH of 6.85-7.32 and a temperature of 30.9-35.2°C, supporting robust biological activity. These findings demonstrate that the integrated Eco-Enzyme/SSFCW system overcomes the limitations of conventional HRT approaches, offering a highly efficient, sustainable, and practical decentralized wastewater treatment solution for the laundry industry.  

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in economic development, one of which is through the rapidly growing laundry service sector in Padang City. Roemah Laundry, as an MSME player in the laundry service sector, faces challenges in maintaining service quality and customer loyalty amidst intense competition. This study aims to examine the application of quality management, risk management, and pricing strategies implemented by Roemah Laundry to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. The methods used include evaluating operational processes, quality control, employee training, as well as analyzing pricing strategies and risk management. The results of this study are expected to provide practical recommendations for Roemah Laundry to improve business effectiveness and serve as a reference for other MSME players in facing competition in the laundry service sector. Additionally, this study contributes to the development of MSME management science, particularly in improving service quality and sustainable business strategies.  

This research highlights the importance of social capital in the development of home laundry businesses in Jember. Starting from the significant contribution of MSMEs to the Indonesian economy, especially in creating jobs and driving the economy, the focus of this research is the laundry business as a type of service business that continues to grow. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that influence the welfare of laundry business actors in Jember, as well as how social capital can be used to overcome challenges such as tight competition and limited capital. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection methods in the form of in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The research results show that social capital through customer networks, local partnerships, and response to feedback can improve the performance and desirability of laundry businesses. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of social capital-based strategies in strengthening relationships with customers and local communities to achieve sustainable business success.    

The purpose of this study is to determine whether executive compensation, institutional ownership and executive risk preference affect tax avoidance. An empirical study on LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020. The sample in this study consisted of 11 LQ 45 companies with a total of 55 data processed with Eviews-9 software. The analysis technique in this research is quantitative using panel data regression method. The results of this study indicate that executive compensation has an effect on tax avoidance, while institutional ownership and executive risk preference have no effect on tax avoidance.