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This article explores the use of directive speech acts in dialogues presented in English textbooks. Drawing on the theoretical framework of speech act theory by Parker and Riley (1994), the study focuses on understanding how directives—utterances that seek to influence the behavior of the listener—are presented in various dialogues. It examines the various forms and functions of directives, their role in communication, and how they help learners of English understand and practice practical conversational strategies. The article highlights the importance of directive speech acts in both formal and informal contexts, with specific examples drawn from English language textbooks. This study uses qualitative descriptive research where data is found in dialogues in textbooks and then matched with theory and poured into a sentence. This study found that there are five types of directive speech acts, namely, orders, warnings, giving advice, suggestions, and recommendations. In this study, 7 command data, 3 warning data, 2 advice data, 8 suggestion data, and 1 recommendation data were found. In this study, two techniques were found in the delivery of speech acts, namely direct and non-direct. Non-direct techniques tend to contain an element of politeness rather than direct. In addition, the speech actions in this textbook can help students understand, and using directive speech acts effectively can significantly improve communicative competence in language learners.

This research is entitled "Analysis of language errors in persuasive speech texts for class 9J students at SMPN 9 Tasikmalaya". The aim of this research is to find out language errors in persuasive texts. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. The data used in the research are words in persuasive texts that experience errors in aspects of phonology, morphology and spelling. The technique used in this research is the listening and note-taking technique. This listening technique is used to obtain data by reading and listening to the use of language in the form of speech texts written by students, then the note-taking technique, namely writing down errors in the speech texts written by students. The results of the research show that the types of language errors that are most often found are errors in word usage, word selection and sentence construction that do not comply with correct Indonesian language rules. Factors causing this error include students' lack of understanding of language rules, as well as the influence of informal, everyday language habits. It's hoped that this research can provide insight into teaching Indonesian in schools, especially in improving the quality of students' written persuasive texts..

This study focuses on the analysis of language errors at the linguistic level. It employs a descriptive method to depict an existing and ongoing phenomenon to address the research problem. The process includes a literature review of several journal articles and other sources relevant to the analysis of language errors. Additionally, a video from the TikTok account Pegele, specifically a short video from the ADA Podcast, was used as the analysis material. The video analyzed at the linguistic level was transcribed into written form to facilitate the research process. The short video from the TikTok account Pegele was used as analysis material based on the subtitle textlines included in the video. The study identified several language errors at the linguistic level, including phoneme addition, phoneme reduction, phoneme substitution, affix addition, affix reduction, and affix substitution. These language errors can be attributed to several factors, such as the influence of the mother tongue, limited proficiency in Indonesian, and a lack of formal language instruction. Efforts to reduce linguistic errors in the speech acts performed by Arafah Rianti, Halda, and Derbi Romero in the ADA Podcast program include studying Indonesian sentence structures, expanding vocabulary, and practicing speaking more frequently.

This study focuses on the ability to analyze the text of a speech on the theme of cultural tourism of class X students of SMK Negeri 4 Denpasar in the 2023/2024 academic year. The purpose of this study was to determine students' ability to analyze the text of a speech on the theme of cultural tourism in Balinese language learning at school. This type of research is descriptive. The methods used in this study are the research subject determination approach method, the research subject approach method, the data collection method, the test method, the observation method, the questionnaire method, the interview method, and the data processing method. The subjects of this study were class X students of SMK Negeri 4 Denpasar. The theory used is the theory of understanding analysis, types of analysis, understanding speech, types of speech, the structure of the speech text, and the theme of cultural tourism. The results of this study are the ability to analyze the text of a speech on the theme of cultural tourism of class X students of SMK Negeri 4 Denpasar in the 2023/2024 academic year is good. This is evident from the average score that has reached the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) of 88. It is known that out of 177 students studied, 104 students have met the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) with a percentage of 58.75% and 73 students have not met the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) with a percentage of 41.24%..

This research examines how Robert Frost uses metaphorical language in three of his well-known poems: "The Road Not Taken," "My November Guest," and "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening." Personification, metaphor, symbol, exaggeration, and repetition are all often used, as the analysis makes clear. Personification is the most common figure of speech among them, lending human characteristics to inanimate things or abstract concepts in each of the three poems. This technique enhances the emotional impact of the poems and allows readers to connect more deeply with the themes and settings. The analysis of each poem explores how specific figures of speech contribute to the overall meaning. In "The Road Not Taken," metaphor and personification are used to explore the impact of life choices. "My November Guest" relies heavily on personification to portray melancholy and the beauty of autumn. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" uses personification, hyperbole, symbol, and repetition to create a sense of isolation and reflection amidst natural beauty. Ultimately, Frost's masterful use of figurative language elevates the meaning of these poems, allowing readers to explore deeper interpretations beyond the literal text. This exemplifies his skill as a poet who effectively conveys the complexities of human experience and the natural world.

This study is aimed to investigate the compatibility of materials in the textbook entitled "Cambridge English for Job-hunting" based on Tomlinson’s theory. The researcher used descriptive approach research as the type of the study. The data of the study were done by follows the process involved several stages, which are as follows: 1) The researcher selected an English textbook for analysis, 2) the researcher read the English textbook thoroughly, 3) the researcher carefully reviewed the content of the textbook, 4) the researcher gathered all the necessary materials from the textbook for analysis. The result of this study shows that the textbook substantially complies with Tomlinson's criteria for useful tools for language learning. It effectively engages students, builds confidence, offers appropriate information, uses actual speech, and accommodates a range of learning preferences and emotional conditions.    

Speech acts in pragmatic science are divided into several types, one of which is representative speech acts. Speech acts that bind the speaker to the truth of what he says are representative speech acts. Speeches that include speech acts can be found in learning videos. Based on this, this study analyzes the representative speech acts contained in the learning video. The data used in the research is in the form of learning videos in the "Summary of Indonesian Language Materials Class 7 K-13" playlist on the Youtube channel "Edukasi Portal". This study aims to provide exposure and describe various representative speech acts contained in the data source. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. It was found in Chapter 1 ''Description Text'' material, 1 0 data were produced, 1 2 data was found in Chapter 2 ''National Text'', 9 representative speech data were found in Chapter 3 ''Procedural Text'' , and 12 speech data were found. on the material of Chapter 4 ''Text of Observation Results'' and as many as 12 data on the material of Chapter 5 ''People's Poetry''. This research is useful for readers in facilitating understanding of representative speech acts. With the analysis of representative speech acts, it is hoped that readers can fully understand and comprehend representative speech acts. This research is useful for readers in facilitating their understanding of representative speech acts .    

Oral and written communication is broad and free. However, the content in it must comply with applicable rules, one of which is the principle of politeness contained in three anecdotal texts entitled “Liburan Kuli Bangunan”, “Perundungan Tanda Sayang”, and  “Korupsi Kecil”. Criticism in it is conveyed by paying attention to the principles of politeness. However, not all speech contained in the text meets the principles of politeness. Therefore, the author was moved to carry out an analysis of the principles of politeness in the anecdotal texts entitled “Liburan Kuli Bangunan”, “Perundungan Tanda Sayang”, and  “Korupsi Kecil” contained in the Cerdas Cergas Berbahasa dan Bersastra Indonesia SMA/SMK Kelas X. This analysis aims to discover and examine further the principles of language politeness by the discipline of pragmatics. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of data analysis were collected using reading and note-taking techniques. The results of the analysis in this research found 19 violations of politeness principles, dominated by violations of the thimble agreement. Apart from that, there is compliance with the principles of politeness, totaling 4 utterances, namely 2 on the thimble of agreement, and the other 2 on the thimble of humility and the thimble of feelings. With this research, it is hoped that it will be useful for providing understanding and as additional reference material for further research regarding the principles of language politeness in communication.

Oral and written communication is broad and free. However, the content in it must comply with applicable rules, one of which is the principle of politeness contained in three anecdotal texts entitled “Liburan Kuli Bangunan”, “Perundungan Tanda Sayang”, and  “Korupsi Kecil”. Criticism in it is conveyed by paying attention to the principles of politeness. However, not all speech contained in the text meets the principles of politeness. Therefore, the author was moved to carry out an analysis of the principles of politeness in the anecdotal texts entitled “Liburan Kuli Bangunan”, “Perundungan Tanda Sayang”, and  “Korupsi Kecil” contained in the Cerdas Cergas Berbahasa dan Bersastra Indonesia SMA/SMK Kelas X. This analysis aims to discover and examine further the principles of language politeness by the discipline of pragmatics. The approach used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of data analysis were collected using reading and note-taking techniques. The results of the analysis in this research found 19 violations of politeness principles, dominated by violations of the thimble agreement. Apart from that, there is compliance with the principles of politeness, totaling 4 utterances, namely 2 on the thimble of agreement, and the other 2 on the thimble of humility and the thimble of feelings. With this research, it is hoped that it will be useful for providing understanding and as additional reference material for further research regarding the principles of language politeness in communication.

Currently, many learning videos are available on various social media platforms. It is hoped that each video will achieve existing learning objectives and enable students to understand and implement the results of their learning activities well.  This research aims to examine and explain the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts found in several learning videos and evaluate whether the speech acts in these videos support the development of Indonesian language literacy and speaking skills in giving speeches.  Illocutionary speech acts relate to the power effect obtained by the audience of an utterance uttered by the speaker.  This research article uses a theoretical approach, namely a pragmatic approach with an analysis of the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts.  In this research, qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyze related data.  Data was obtained from six speech learning videos on the YouTube channel, and the data collection technique involved proficient free-involved listening (SBLC) and note-taking techniques.  Researchers watched videos about learning speech texts on the Literacy for Indonesia YouTube Channel, then took notes and recorded utterances that contained illocutionary utterances.  The data analysis technique uses matching and high techniques to study the form and type of illocutionary speech.  From the data analysis that has been carried out, it was found that there are assertive utterances giving testimony and stating, directive utterances giving advice and ordering, expressive utterances containing prayers and hopes, and commissive utterances offering and promising.  It is hoped that the results of the analysis in this article will increase deeper understanding and knowledge regarding illocutionary speech acts and their use, knowledge about their types, as well as guide educators and online learning material creators to increase learning effectiveness.

Currently, many learning videos are available on various social media platforms. It is hoped that each video will achieve existing learning objectives and enable students to understand and implement the results of their learning activities well.  This research aims to examine and explain the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts found in several learning videos and evaluate whether the speech acts in these videos support the development of Indonesian language literacy and speaking skills in giving speeches.  Illocutionary speech acts relate to the power effect obtained by the audience of an utterance uttered by the speaker.  This research article uses a theoretical approach, namely a pragmatic approach with an analysis of the types and forms of illocutionary speech acts.  In this research, qualitative descriptive methods were used to analyze related data.  Data was obtained from six speech learning videos on the YouTube channel, and the data collection technique involved proficient free-involved listening (SBLC) and note-taking techniques.  Researchers watched videos about learning speech texts on the Literacy for Indonesia YouTube Channel, then took notes and recorded utterances that contained illocutionary utterances.  The data analysis technique uses matching and high techniques to study the form and type of illocutionary speech.  From the data analysis that has been carried out, it was found that there are assertive utterances giving testimony and stating, directive utterances giving advice and ordering, expressive utterances containing prayers and hopes, and commissive utterances offering and promising.  It is hoped that the results of the analysis in this article will increase deeper understanding and knowledge regarding illocutionary speech acts and their use, knowledge about their types, as well as guide educators and online learning material creators to increase learning effectiveness.

This research aims to analyze illocutionary and implicatures in advertisments, slogans, and posters in the Indonesian language material for class VIII Merdeka Curriculum.  This research uses a descriptive qualitative and pragmatic approach.  The authors obtained data by listening and reading related references and recording information that could be used a data.  For this reason, the techniques used in this research are listening, reading, and note-taking.  The data studied in this research are advertisments, slogans, and posters in the Indonesian language material for class VIII Merdeka Curriculum.  The data analysis method used in this article method and pragmatic heuristic method. Researchers analyzed the text in depth in terms of characteristics and truth testing.  As a result of data analysis, only three types of five types of illocutionary speech acts were found in the 12 samples on advertisment images, slogans, and posters, including (1) assertive speech acts of stating and providing information; (2) inviting directive speech acts; and (3) prohibit declarative speech acts.  Through this research, it is hoped that we will be able to obtain an overview of illocutionary speech acts and their implicatures found in advertisments, slogans, and posters and practically this research can be used as a basis for future researchers, especially regarding the analysis of illocutionary speech acts and their implicatures.

The focus of this study is on the illocution of the anecdote text in the learning module of the Class X Indonesian High School Language Learning module compiled by Indri Anatya Permatasari. The existence of this study is used as a basis for explaining the intent of anecdotal texts as well as raising some issues around the community to be understood wisely through understanding the intent of anecdotal texts. In addition, the study also aims to provide an understanding of the classification of illocution speech in anecdotal text in the Indonesian language learning module of class X SMA compiled by Indri Anatya Permatasari. The methods used in this study are two, namely descriptive and qualitative, and use a pragmatic theoretical approach. The data used is in the form of anecdotal text in the X class of the Indonesian language learning module, which is then analyzed according to the classification of illocution speech. The data source in this study is anecdotal text in the learning module. The data collection for this study uses a listening or reading technique and notes. In his data analysis, use agility and body techniques. As for data presentation, it uses formal and informal techniques. The results of the data analysis found the action of assertive, directive, expressive, declarative, and commissive illocumentation. The most-finding data is assertive illocution speech, while the least is commissionive illocution speech. Hopefully, this article can provide an understanding of the classification of illocution speech in anecdotal text in a learning module.

The focus of this study is on the illocution of the anecdote text in the learning module of the Class X Indonesian High School Language Learning module compiled by Indri Anatya Permatasari. The existence of this study is used as a basis for explaining the intent of anecdotal texts as well as raising some issues around the community to be understood wisely through understanding the intent of anecdotal texts. In addition, the study also aims to provide an understanding of the classification of illocution speech in anecdotal text in the Indonesian language learning module of class X SMA compiled by Indri Anatya Permatasari. The methods used in this study are two, namely descriptive and qualitative, and use a pragmatic theoretical approach. The data used is in the form of anecdotal text in the X class of the Indonesian language learning module, which is then analyzed according to the classification of illocution speech. The data source in this study is anecdotal text in the learning module. The data collection for this study uses a listening or reading technique and notes. In his data analysis, use agility and body techniques. As for data presentation, it uses formal and informal techniques. The results of the data analysis found the action of assertive, directive, expressive, declarative, and commissive illocumentation. The most-finding data is assertive illocution speech, while the least is commissionive illocution speech. Hopefully, this article can provide an understanding of the classification of illocution speech in anecdotal text in a learning module.

This article examines drama texts that focus on pragmatic aspects, namely illocutionary speech acts. The texts studied are drama texts listed in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013. The background of this article is based on the diversity of the application of illocutionary speech acts in the drama text. The purpose of this article is to analyze illocutionary speech acts in drama texts. The method used in this research uses a methodological approach, namely descriptive qualitative, and a theoretical approach, namely pragmatics. The data of this article consists of a group of sentences that form a paragraph taken from the drama text in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013 and studied commensurate with the classification of illocutionary speech acts. The data source comes from the drama text in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013. The techniques used are note-taking techniques and listening techniques or reading data which are data collection techniques. The data analysis technique in the research uses agih and padan techniques. Data presentation techniques with informal techniques. From the existing data, the conclusion is that there are several forms of speech acts in the drama text, namely: representative/assertive, expressive, commissive, directive, and declarative illocutionary speech acts contained in the drama text. This article has benefits for students because it can provide knowledge about the classification of illocutionary speech acts.

This article examines drama texts that focus on pragmatic aspects, namely illocutionary speech acts. The texts studied are drama texts listed in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013. The background of this article is based on the diversity of the application of illocutionary speech acts in the drama text. The purpose of this article is to analyze illocutionary speech acts in drama texts. The method used in this research uses a methodological approach, namely descriptive qualitative, and a theoretical approach, namely pragmatics. The data of this article consists of a group of sentences that form a paragraph taken from the drama text in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013 and studied commensurate with the classification of illocutionary speech acts. The data source comes from the drama text in the Indonesian Language Book Class VIII Curriculum 2013. The techniques used are note-taking techniques and listening techniques or reading data which are data collection techniques. The data analysis technique in the research uses agih and padan techniques. Data presentation techniques with informal techniques. From the existing data, the conclusion is that there are several forms of speech acts in the drama text, namely: representative/assertive, expressive, commissive, directive, and declarative illocutionary speech acts contained in the drama text. This article has benefits for students because it can provide knowledge about the classification of illocutionary speech acts.

In the context of debate, another issue that occurs is the limited skills of students in identifying and formulating appropriate illocutionary speech acts. In a debate, it is important to communicate arguments clearly and convincingly. However, learners who do not understand the pragmatic aspects of language may have difficulty in formulating strong arguments. This study was conducted to determine the illocutionary speech acts contained in the debate text of Indonesian language book class X curriculum 2013. The purpose of this research is to examine the application of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis, pragmatics theoretical approach, and data collection techniques with observational studies on Indonesian language book documents grade X curriculum 2013. The analysis technique used in the research uses agic analyzing technique. This research makes a significant contribution to understanding and improving the application of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The results of this research, there is some data that covers the aspects of illocutionary speech acts in debate texts. The data contains expressive, directive, assertive, declarative, and commissive illocutionary speech act categories totaling 34 data. It is concluded that the application of illocutionary speech acts can be identified and classified in speech acts that are adjusted to the category. The benefit of this research is as a source of knowledge to deepen the science of pragmatics in illocutionary speech acts.

Every day, humans are involved in communication using language. During the communication process, everyone in language is always related to factors that affect the smoothness of communication. Communication can never be separated from the name of speech acts, and to state something is called locutionary speech acts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the various locutionary speech acts contained in the narrative excerpts of historical novels contained in Indonesian language textbooks intended for Class XII Curriculum 2013. The research method used is a descriptive approach with qualitative analysis. The data used are narrative excerpts of historical novels from Indonesian language textbooks intended for grade XII students. Among the identified locutionary speech acts, statement speech acts are the most frequently used, with command speech acts and question speech acts also present. Through this research, a deeper understanding of the use of locutionary speech acts in narrative excerpts of historical novels contained in Indonesian language textbooks for class XII of the 2013 curriculum is obtained. This study are expected to serve as a guideline for developing Indonesian teaching materials that are more effective and relevant.