Publication Search

PLN (Persero) is the state-owned company responsible for supplying electrical energy in Indonesia and plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and continuity of power distribution. Therefore, all electrical equipment, particularly power transformers, must be maintained in safe and reliable operating conditions. Transformers function to change voltage levels from high to low or vice versa and are essential components in the electric power distribution system. One important transformer component that requires periodic maintenance is the On Load Tap Changer (OLTC). To maintain transformer performance and extend its service life, routine maintenance activities such as OLTC oil replacement are necessary. PT. PLN (Persero) ULTG Rangkasbitung conducts regular OLTC oil replacement twice a year as part of its preventive maintenance program. Transformer oil serves as both an insulating medium and a cooling agent; therefore, its condition greatly affects transformer reliability and operational safety. Degraded oil quality can cause insulation failure and reduce transformer efficiency. This study aims to describe the procedure and implementation of On Load Tap Changer oil replacement at the transformer substation of PT. PLN (Persero) ULTG Rangkasbitung. The research method used is field research, carried out through direct observation and interviews with maintenance personnel. The results of this study are expected to provide a clear understanding of the OLTC oil replacement process, support proper maintenance practices, and emphasize the importance of transformer maintenance in ensuring the reliability and sustainability of the electric power system.

This study examines the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Christian Religious Education (PAK), using four Biblical principles love, justice, truth, and stewardship as a framework. Employing a qualitative approach with thematic triangulation through interviews with leaders, lecturers, and students, the research aims to understand how AI can be used ethically in PAK. The findings indicate that AI, when applied thoughtfully and ethically, can significantly enhance the learning process. The principle of love emphasizes the importance of honesty, empathy, and a compassionate approach in the use of AI. Justice calls for equitable access to AI tools, ensuring that all learners can benefit regardless of their backgrounds. The principle of truth encourages theological discernment in the application of AI, ensuring that it aligns with Christian teachings. Stewardship highlights the responsibility to manage AI technologies wisely, using them to serve God's purposes. AI is viewed not as a replacement for human educators but as a tool to serve and glorify God in the educational process. The study suggests that theological institutions should create ethical AI guidelines to ensure responsible use and should focus on enhancing faith-based digital literacy among students, preparing them for the digital age while remaining rooted in their faith.

The problems encountered are damage to the rubber wheel mount and universal/cross joints on the 90 m/hour capacity wood profile making machine, which can affect the uniformity and speed of wood profile making. Maintenance and repair planning aims to be able to create a maintenance and repair schedule for the 90 m/hour capacity wood profile making machine for the period 2026, estimate maintenance costs and the ratio of maintenance and repair costs to machine profits. The maintenance planning method includes collecting maintenance data from previous maintenance periods, reviewing the specifications of the wood profile making machine, estimating the age and price of components that are estimated to be damaged, estimating the cost and duration of dismantling and installing components that have been repaired in accordance with the provisions of the requirements for usable components or replacement spare parts, scheduling maintenance and repairs, estimating maintenance and repair costs for the period 2026, and determining the ratio of maintenance costs to profits. The planning results in the form of a maintenance-repair schedule for the period 2026; maintenance and repair costs in 2026, the ratio of maintenance costs to profits, and their implications indicate that the machine is still prospective and usable.

The problem faced is the decline in the performance of a 650 liter/minute centrifugal pump due to wear on components, especially the impeller, rolling bearings, and mechanical seals in supplying process water and clean water in industrial production systems. The planning objective is to obtain a maintenance schedule for a 650 liter/minute centrifugal pump for the operational period of 2026 and the ratio between maintenance costs and profits generated by the machine. The maintenance planning method includes collecting maintenance data from previous maintenance periods, reviewing centrifugal pump specifications, applying the inspection, replace, repair, and overhaul (IRRO) approach, estimating the age and price of components that are expected to be damaged, estimating the cost and duration of dismantling and installing components that have been repaired in accordance with the provisions of the requirements for usable components or replacement parts, scheduling maintenance and repairs, estimating maintenance and repair costs for the 2026 period, and determining the ratio of maintenance costs to profits. The planning results are in the form of a maintenance schedule for the 2026 period worth IDR 4,290,000,-, a maintenance cost to profit ratio of 7.44% and the implications indicate that the machine is still suitable for use and prospective for operations in the next few years.  

This study discusses consumer protection in the circulation of illegal cosmetic products through electronic commerce systems, focusing on the implementation of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The main problems of the research include legal regulations related to illegal cosmetics, legal provisions regarding electronic commerce, and consumer protection mechanisms against the circulation of illegal cosmetics on e-commerce platforms. This study uses a qualitative method with a normative legal research approach through literature studies, which involves primary, secondary, and tertiary data sources. The results of the study show that cosmetic distribution permits are regulated in the Regulation of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Number 12 of 2023 concerning the Supervision of the Manufacture and Circulation of Cosmetics. In electronic commerce, transactions occur electronically between sellers and buyers by involving a third party as the platform provider. Dispute resolution between consumers and business actors is regulated in the Consumer Protection Law through two channels, namely litigation and out-of-court dispute resolution. The research concluded that every cosmetic in circulation must have a distribution permit in the form of a BPOM Notification, and business actors are responsible for providing compensation in the form of refunds or product replacements. The research recommendations emphasize the importance of consumer prudence, honesty of business actors, and the government's firmness in handling consumer problems.

This study explores the use of psychotropic substances, which affect the central nervous system and can alter mental functions, behavior, and individual perception. In the medical context, psychotropics have been widely utilized for treating mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanisms of psychotropics to optimize their therapeutic benefits while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. The study employed animal models, specifically rats, using the forced swimming test (FST) to assess the antidepressant and sedative effects of various substances, including Esilgan, Xanax, Zolmia, Syzygium malaccense leaf extract, and lelap (herbal), with NaCMC as a negative control. The results demonstrated varying sedative and antidepressant effects among the substances, with Xanax exhibiting the most significant antidepressant effect, while Syzygium malaccense leaf extract showed potential as a natural sedative agent. The study also underscores the importance of applying the 3R ethical principles (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) in animal research and highlights the need for alternative methods to reduce reliance on animal testing. These findings are expected to serve as a foundation for developing safer, more effective, and ethical psychotropic therapies for mental disorders in the future.

This scouting activity will go through several stages until in the end the students receive the character education referred to by the author. The first stage is basic, namely an introduction to the history of "World Scouts and Scouts in Indonesia." By getting to know the history of scouting, it is hoped that students will be more interested and enthusiastic in taking part in the next activities. The expected character education is high curiosity. The second stage, began to introduce some scouting materials such as Box 1 Password and Semaphore. On the other hand, there is a replacement program, namely Scouting Extracurricular Activity Training with the majority of participants being students from SD Negeri Karanggintung 01 and 02. This program is held every Wednesday and Friday or can be adjusted to unexpected situations and conditions. The Scouting Program continues to be successfully implemented and of course cannot be separated from the help of several related parties. The author even implemented a calligraphy training program to develop and foster interest in the talents of elementary school age children.

The development of digital technology has significantly changed various aspects of life, including the religious sphere. Cyber Church has emerged as an innovation that allows churches to reach a broader congregation through digital media without relying on physical gatherings. This study aims to analyze the concept of Cyber Church, the role of technology in transforming church worship and ministry, its impact on congregational spiritual growth, and the integration of digital innovation with traditional church values. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, drawing from various journal articles and academic books. The findings reveal that Cyber Church provides significant opportunities for churches to engage with the digital generation while posing challenges in maintaining spiritual depth and personal interactions within faith communities. Furthermore, the integration of technology with church traditions is crucial to ensuring that digital innovation does not replace the essence of fellowship, which has long been the foundation of the church. Thus, this study asserts that Cyber Church should be understood as a complementary tool rather than a replacement for conventional church ministry.

The smoking habit among teenagers has become a serious health issue, with prevalence continually increasing. Smoking at a young age is associated with various health risks, including cancer, heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. One of the main contributing factors is peer influence and social environment. To reduce smoking habits, innovative approaches are needed, one of which is using innovative candies as an alternative to cigarettes. This study aims to analyze the potential of innovative candies in reducing smoking habits among teenagers. The method used is qualitative research with a literature review, collecting relevant scientific journal articles. The results indicate that candies such as Xylitol chewing gum, milk candy, cinnamon extract, and Vernonia cinerea extract can effectively reduce the frequency of smoking by providing a similar sensation without the negative effects of nicotine. Additionally, these candy products also have added benefits, such as improving oral and respiratory health. In conclusion, innovative candies can be a creative and effective solution to reduce smoking habits among teenagers, but further research is needed to assess their sustainability and long-term effects.

Chronic kidney failure in the end stage requires kidney replacement therapy in the form of haemodialysis. Haemodialysis is not to cure but as a replacement therapy for kidney function to clean the blood from various substances that cannot be excreted naturally by the kidneys which must be done for life. Chronic kidney failure patients undergoing haemodialysis can cause life changes that will affect the patient’s quality of life. This study aims to determine the relationship between the duration of haemodialysis therapy and age and the quality of life in chronic kidney failure patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. This study employed a descriptive correlation study with a cross-sectional method. The study population was 165 patients with a sample of 115 respondents. The instrument to determine the quality of life was the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) Questionnaire and interviews were done to determine the age and duration of haemodialysis therapy. The results of statistical tests using the Kendall Tau test showed a p-value> 0.05, which is 0.059 for the test of the duration of haemodialysis therapy with quality of life. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the duration of haemodialysis therapy and quality of life in chronic kidney failure patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Statistical tests for age with quality of life using the Kendall Tau test showed a p-value> 0.05, which is 0.694. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between age and quality of life in chronic kidney failure patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital.

This study aims to analyze the legal protection of workers' rights due to unilateral termination of employment (PHK) in outsourcing companies in Gorontalo City. The focus of the study covers two main aspects, namely the form of fulfillment of workers' rights affected by layoffs and the inhibiting factors of the Gorontalo City Manpower, Cooperatives, and SMEs Office in providing legal protection. The research method used is an empirical legal approach with data collection through interviews, document studies, and observations. The results of the study indicate that the fulfillment of workers' rights includes severance pay, long-service bonus money, and replacement money in accordance with applicable regulations. In addition, the relevant agencies play a role in providing mediation services and facilitating dispute resolution. However, the implementation of this legal protection faces various obstacles, such as low legal awareness of workers, limited human resources and budget in the Manpower Office, and weak supervision of outsourcing companies. This study emphasizes the need to strengthen labor regulations and increase the effectiveness of supervision to ensure optimal protection of workers' rights. The results of the study are expected to be a reference for policy makers and related parties in improving the legal protection mechanism for workers affected by layoffs.

A land certificate is legal and very important proof of land ownership. Therefore, people need to look after and maintain it well. However, there are still cases where the certificate is lost, so the land owner needs to make an application to obtain a replacement certificate at the local National Land Agency. In the certificate replacement process, there are several obstacles, such as the high costs for publication in the mass media, the length of bureaucracy that the applicant must go through, the long time required to complete the service, and the large number of documents that the applicant must submit.  This research aims to evaluate the quality of service in the process of issuing replacement certificates at the Blitar City National Land Agency and identify the obstacles faced in this process. This research uses qualitative methods whose results will be processed into descriptive data. The data collected includes primary data obtained from interviews and observations, as well as secondary data obtained from literature reviews. The data collection process was carried out through interviews, direct observation and documentation. The results of this research are based on a series of analysis processes from interview data, observation and documentation, showing that the quality of replacement certificate issuance services at the Blitar City National Land Agency is good. Judging from the five indicators of service quality used, namely  Tangibles,  Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance and  Empathy. There are obstacles faced, namely the occurrence of errors in the KKP system which is used to process all types of services, obstacles in making the oath agenda schedule which can hinder the completion of services    

  A Christian leader is someone whom God has called as a leader. Christian leaders should be people who are called by God and have qualifications that continue to grow in personality and Christ-like character. Christian leadership is a form of leadership that is based on Christian values and teachings, such as love, humility, service, integrity, and justice. In this context, Christian leadership not only aims to achieve organizational or community goals, but also to bring positive impact in the lives of individuals and society through a compassionate and ethical approach. The success of a leadership is due to the cooperation between the leading and the led generations. As a leader, one must know which principles to follow and uphold them in their leadership. A Christian leader should embrace the leadership principles of the successful leaders recorded in the Bible. Here are the principles of Christian leadership today. Secular comes from the Latin word saeculum, which means space and time. Space refers to the worldly sense, while time refers to the present age. Secular life principles are views or values that are not associated with a particular religion or religious belief. These principles often include concepts such as freedom of thought, tolerance, equality and the separation of religion from public affairs. Secular life emphasizes the importance of rationality, science, and individual freedom of decision without religious interference. Secularism is broadly speaking an ideology that states that a state institution or body should stand apart from religion or belief. Secularism also refers to the notion that human activities and determinations, especially political ones, should be based on what is considered to be concrete evidence and facts, and not on religious influences. In political terms, secularism is the movement towards the separation of religion and government, one example being the replacement of religious law with civil law. This is said to promote democracy by protecting the rights of religious minorities.  

Land acquisition has been regulated through Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning land acquisition for development in the public interest, and Presidential Regulation Number 71 of 2012 concerning the implementation of land acquisition for development in the public interest, as well as Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency number 5 of 2012 concerning technical guidelines for the implementation of land acquisition. The purpose of this community service is to increase the understanding and knowledge of regional heads, local government agencies, and especially the community about land acquisition for Temporary Shelters and Integrated Waste Disposal Sites of the Banjarbaru City Environmental Service. The specific target of this community service is for regional heads, local government agencies, and especially the community to know the regulations or policies in the land acquisition mechanism as well as the process of valuation and calculation of Fair Replacement Value or Market Value in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan Province. Community service activities carried out by the team by educating the process and stages of land acquisition according to regulations for Temporary Shelters and Integrated Waste Disposal Sites of the Banjarbaru City Environmental Service have received a positive response. In socialization, the Government and the private sector are asked to work together to create and develop an environment for land acquisition for temporary shelters and integrated landfills that allow for private sector growth. Meanwhile, the community includes the participation of stakeholders and beneficiaries of development policies.

Street lighting is a safety infrastructure on the highway. However, currently most of the public street lighting lamps do not comply with the provisions of the Indonesian National Standards Agency (BSNI). It is necessary to plan for lamp replacement by using lamps that are appropriate to field conditions, so that the light intensity produced is in accordance with established standards. Jalan Jenggolo Asri - Randu Asri in Sidoarjo is an example of a road that requires planning for lighting changes. This road is a type of secondary collector road with a length of 2500 meters and a road width of 6 meters. The lighting on this road does not meet the standards set by BSNI 7391: 2008 caused by several lights that go out and the power of the lights used is not optimal. Planning for replacing public street lighting is needed on this road by recalculating the maximum light intensity requirements. The method that can be done is to replace the lamp used with an LED lamp. In the current initial conditions, street lighting on this road uses 250W SON and 150W LED lamps. After planning, the lights will be replaced with 100W LED lights. The planning results show that by using a 100W LED lamp, a handlebar ornament angle of 14.06° will be produced, the light intensity is Candela, the lighting intensity is 6.77 Lux, and the power required per day is 26.4 kWh. Comparison with the use of 250 Watt SON lamps shows that the use of 100W LED lamps is more efficient in energy consumption by 51.76%. The results of this planning have met the standard requirements for secondary collector roads. Thus, by replacing the lights according to the plan, it is hoped that street lighting on Jalan Jenggolo Asri - Randu Asri Sidoarjo can meet the standards set by BSNI 7391:2008 and provide optimal light intensity with more efficient energy use.

In an effort to increase productivity to ensure smooth production processes, it is necessary to implement an appropriate maintenance system to reduce production machine downtime. The purpose of company maintenance is to keep production machines in good condition so that production operations can run efficiently and effectively. PT Yale Woodpallet Indonesia is a company in Indonesia that produces wooden pallets (wood pallet). This company often experiences problems with damage to machines due to suboptimal machine maintenance because the maintenance system is carried out to repair damaged components with new components resulting in downtime. Among these problems, this study aims to determine maintenance intervals to minimize maintenance costs by using modularity design and age replacement methods. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, it is known that the modularity design and age replacement methods can achieve optimal component replacement intervals for pallet machine components is 30,000 minutes, rotary screening components are 33,200 minutes and hopper components are 33,200 minutes. The total maintenance cost per year is Rp. 2,115,610,959, -. compared to the company's maintenance costs which have a value of Rp. 2,668,692,000, the maintenance system using the modularity design and age replacement method is more efficient by 1.27%.

Background: Nutritional problems that occur in early life have serious consequences. Underweight in children under five accounts for 4.7% of deaths or two million deaths from all deaths of children under five in the world. Mother's Milk Breast milk is the best food because it contains balanced and perfect nutrition for baby's growth and development. However, considering that when mothers are unable to breastfeed or can only breastfeed partially, there is a legitimate market for breast milk replacement products (PASI) for infants as an effort to fulfill infant nutrition. Methods: This research is a quantitative research with a correlational approach using a cross sectional design. This study aims to determine the relationship between the provision of breast milk substitutes with the nutritional status of infants at the UPT Puskesmas Aek Natolu, Lumban Julu District, Toba Regency in 2021. The population in this study were all infants aged 6 months in the working area of the UPT Puskesmas Aek Natolu as many as 32 babies. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling so that the number of samples was 32 infants. Data analysis was carried out by statistical tests using chi-square with a significance degree of = 0.05. Results: Most babies were not given PASI, as many as 22 people (68.7%) and a small portion were given PASI, namely 10 people (31.3%). Most of the reasons why babies were given PASI were recommended by family/friends as many as 5 people (50%), because 3 people did not get breast milk (30%) and a small part because the mother worked as much as 2 people (20%). Most of the baby's nutritional status is normal, as many as 25 people (78.1%.) and a small portion of the abnormal status is as many as 7 people (21.9%). The results of the chi square test obtained a p-value = 0.019, this value < 0.005, this means that there is a significant relationship between the provision of Breast Milk Substitutes (PASI) and the nutritional status of infants.