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The rise of the phenomenon of early marriage in Indonesia is the background to the birth of Republic of Indonesia Law number 16 of 2019 concerning marriage and the compilation of Islamic law, which sets the age limit for marriage to 19 years. The reality is that in society there are many cases asking to be able to get married and have it officially registered, which has led to the existence of a marriage dispensation. Marriage dispensation is permitted by law by considering positive matters. The aim of this study is to determine the long-term impact of early marriage on the welfare of individuals, families and society. The method used is qualitative, data collection is carried out by interviews, direct observation and also data related to the theme. Using this method will make it easier to observe phenomena in society regarding marriage dispensations. The data analysis used was an inductive method (Creswell, 1994). The results obtained were that the marriage dispensation from a legal perspective did not conflict with Law 16 of 2019. The granting of marriage dispensations was carried out by considering the impact. From a sociological perspective, our society views early marriage as something normal and often forgets the impact of child marriage. Marriage dispensation is a rational choice, even though the risks faced are very high. Therefore, it is necessary to increase public awareness of promiscuity and return to the essence of marriage.

This research discusses the Constitutional Court Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 regarding the minimum age requirement for presidential and vice-presidential candidates as stipulated in Article 169 letter q of Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections. In that decision, the Constitutional Court ruled that the age limit of 40 years remains in effect, but with an exception for candidates who are not yet 40 years old but have previously or are currently serving as regional heads. This research employs a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approaches, analyzing primary legal materials such as the 1945 Constitution, Election Law, and Constitutional Court decisions, supported by secondary legal materials from academic literature and journals. The research findings indicate that the Constitutional Court's considerations are based on the principles of citizens' constitutional rights, open legal policy, and the idea of leadership experience as an alternative age requirement. This decision has positive implications, including opportunities for leadership regeneration and increased political participation by young people, but it also draws criticism for its potential to discriminate against non-regional leaders and create political suspicion. Therefore, a revision of the Election Law is needed to clarify the legal norms resulting from the Constitutional Court's decision so that it does not lead to multiple interpretations and maintains the principle of equality. This research concludes that the Constitutional Court's decision is an opportunity to strengthen democracy, but also a challenge in ensuring constitutional justice in Indonesia.

Early marriage remains an issue with negative impacts on the health and quality of the younger generation, particularly through the risk of stunting in children. This article discusses the results of a counseling session titled "Marriage is Not Just Legal: Legal Education on Marriage Dispensation and Its Implications for Preventing Stunting Among Students" conducted at SMA Negeri 3 Parepare. The counseling aimed to raise students' awareness about the relationship between the marriage age limit, marriage dispensation, and the health impact on children, specifically the risk of stunting. The methods used include deconstruction, brainstorming, material delivery, reconstruction, and evaluation through pre-tests and post-tests. The results show a significant improvement in students' understanding from both medical and legal perspectives. The discussion focuses on analyzing the contradictions in legal norms regarding the marriage age limit and marriage dispensation, which often cause implementation issues. This counseling emphasizes the importance of integrating legal education and reproductive health as a preventive strategy to reduce early marriage and prevent stunting. Thus, this program contributes to shaping a healthy, legally aware younger generation capable of making mature and responsible marriage decisions.

The differences in the age limits of children as stipulated in several Indonesian laws and regulations—such as the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Law (UU Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak/SPPA), the Child Protection Law (UU Perlindungan Anak), and the Human Rights Law (UU HAM)—have created significant legal uncertainty. These inconsistencies pose serious implications for the protection of children's rights, particularly for those who are entangled in legal conflicts. One of the most critical impacts is the potential for injustice in the application of restorative justice and diversion programs, which should be guided by the principle of the best interests of the child. Discrepancies in age definitions may also result in unequal treatment in legal proceedings and hinder access to appropriate legal remedies and rehabilitation services. For instance, a child considered underage by one law may be treated as an adult under another, leading to inconsistent judicial decisions, discrimination, and psychological harm. Furthermore, this lack of regulatory harmony undermines the credibility and consistency of the justice system in handling cases involving children. The principle of legal certainty, which is fundamental in any just legal system, cannot be upheld if such foundational definitions remain fragmented. Therefore, there is an urgent need for harmonization and alignment of all regulations related to the legal age definition of a child within the Indonesian national legal framework. Establishing a uniform age standard is essential to ensure fair treatment, protect children's rights comprehensively, prevent discriminatory practices, and improve the effectiveness of restorative justice, rehabilitation, and child protection mechanisms in Indonesia.

The potention of a village can be seen in the form of a map when the map comes with a description of the land resources and human resources as the backbone of the rural economy. Land resources can be reflected in the distribution of land use in the village, while the human resources can be illustrated by the small industries or existing SMEs. Map existing describes village areas and sometimes the picture were draw by a person who know the areas. Village map usually contains location or the location of the village facilities, roads, rivers and boundaries hamlet/ RW or village limits. Moreover village map always displays information surrounding neighboring villages. Deficiencies that exist in a map of the village is likely to occur because of the knowledge map-making has not been fully understood by the individual who made the map. It could provide wrong and not information accurate for people whose using the village map. Purpose of this activity is to provide knowledge about the knowledge map to participants. While the purpose of the activities of Community Services were to provide knowledge about the map and the identification of potential rural village in the manufacture of Potential Map. The implementation of the Community Services with interactive discussions by Focus Group Discussion. FGDs were conducted as a way to confirm the village boundaries, facilities and potential village. Community Services activities result were that participants have understood the potential of the village and the knowledge base map. In addition it has arranged a map of Potential Rural Dusun Pisangan, Kelurahan Sumberejo, Kecamatan Tempel, Kabupaten Sleman. The map has been handed over to the village and their representatives - each elementary school in the two villages. 

The issue of carbon emissions in the transportation sector is a major challenge for developing countries like Indonesia, which experiences a sharp increase in vehicle ownership each year. This study aims to compare vehicle ownership policies between Indonesia and Singapore as strategies for reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Using a qualitative method with a comparative study approach, data were obtained through literature analysis on regulations, policies, and secondary emission data. The results indicate that Indonesia focuses more on incentives and emission standards tightening, while Singapore enforces strict vehicle ownership restrictions through the Certificate of Entitlement (COE) system, additional taxes, and vehicle age limitations. The novelty of this study lies in its comparative focus on vehicle ownership regulations as policy instruments for emission control—an aspect rarely examined in the Southeast Asian administrative context. The study concludes that strict and structured regulations, supported by efficient public transport systems, are key to reducing transportation-related carbon emissions.

The inconsistency in case rulings and its impact on the principles of separation of powers and the quality of democracy in Indonesia. The case challenges the age limit for presidential and vice-presidential candidates, with the Constitutional Court acknowledging the legal standing of the petitioner despite discrepancies in the outcomes of similar cases. The implications of adding norms in such rulings also raise questions about the legitimacy of Constitutional Court decisions in the political context. This study employs qualitative methods, leading to the conclusion that the decision results in controversy among the public, causing them to lose trust in the constitutional court due to autocratic rulings benefiting political elite. Keywords: Constitutional Court, Democracy.

Supreme Court Decision Number 23 P/HUM/2024 which annuls PKPU No. 9 of 2020. Supreme Court Decision Number 23 P/HUM/2024 relates to changes in the minimum age requirements for regional head candidates. In the decision, the Supreme Court granted the lawsuit filed by the General Chairperson of the Garuda Party, Ahmad Ridha Sabana, who challenged Article 4 paragraph (1) letter d of PKPU No. 9 of 2020 concerning the Nomination of the Election of Governor, Deputy Governor, Regent, Deputy Regent, Mayor, and Deputy Mayor. The problem is, what are the legal consequences of the Supreme Court Decision Number 23 P/HUM/2024 which annuls PKPU No. 9 of 2020 concerning the fourth amendment to PKPU Number 3 of 2017 concerning the Nomination of the Election of Governor and Deputy Governor, Regent and Deputy Regent, and/or Mayor and Deputy Mayor? How are the Aspects of Benefit and Legal Certainty in the Supreme Court Decision Number 23 P/HUM/2024 regarding the Age Limit for Regional Head Candidates? Normative legal research method. In conclusion, the legal consequences of the Supreme Court Decision Number 23 P/HUM/2024 which revoked PKPU No. 9 of 2020 concerning the Fourth Amendment to PKPU Number 3 of 2017 concerning the Nomination of the Election of Governor and Deputy Governor, Regent and Deputy Regent, and/or Mayor and Deputy Mayor. This decision has various legal implications that not only change the regulatory framework for regional elections, but also raise two (2) problems from the decision, namely: (a) Impact on the hierarchy of laws and regulations; (b) Impact on the nomination process. The Aspects of Benefit and Legal Certainty in the Supreme Court Decision Number 23 P/HUM/2024 regarding the Age Limit for Regional Head Candidates reflect efforts to realize a balance between the aspects of benefit and legal certainty in the general election system in Indonesia. Overall, from the aspect of utility, this decision does not provide a substantive solution to the community's need for clear and inclusive regulations, especially regarding the participation of the younger generation. From the aspect of legal certainty, this decision actually creates a vacuum of norms, opens up opportunities for new disputes, and creates instability in the implementation of regional elections. Thus, although this decision is legally valid, its impact shows weaknesses in creating utility and legal certainty.

Background: In Indonesia, coughs and colds increase from 10% to 35.5%. Due to this situation, many mothers are still not fully aware of the proper handling of coughs and colds, which is further exacerbated by the issue of syrup medications containing ethylene glycol that exceed the safe dosage limits, potentially leading to kidney failure in infants. There are two types of cold treatments: pharmacological with oral medications such as powders and syrups, and non-pharmacological with common cold massage. Research objective: This quantitative research determined the effect of educational videos on common cold massage for infants on mothers' cognition and motivation in performing self-massage at the Mranggen I Public Health Care with a pre-experimental method and a one-group pre-test-post-test design. The population in this study consisted of mothers with children aged 4–12 months at the Mranggen I Public Health Care taken with a simple random sampling technique, resulting in 54 mothers. The applied instruments in this research were the Common Cold Cognition questionnaire and maternal motivation. The researchers analyzed the data using univariate and bivariate analysis, employing the Wilcoxon test to identify the non-normally distributed effect of video education on knowledge, and the paired t-test to evaluate its normal distribution effect on motivation. Research Results: Video education has an influence on mothers' cognition and motivation to perform self-massage at Mranggen I Public Health Center, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusions and suggestions: Respondents, mothers with children aged 4–12 months at the Mranggen I public health care, had excellent knowledge (46.3%) and strong motivation (46.3%). The researcher expects that mothers in the Mranggen I public health care area will seek more information about common cold massages.

History often repeats itself in different contexts, as seen in the political dynamics of Indonesia in 2024, which are similar to the events of 1998. Although it has not yet reached the escalation of reforms, political tensions, polarization of society, and dissatisfaction with the government are the main issues. The fall in the Democracy Index reflects a weakening of freedom of opinion, human rights, and political participation. The wave of massive demonstrations against the revision of the 2024 Pilkada law showed resistance from various elements of society, including students, workers, artists, and public figures. Demonstrators demanded that the DPR comply with Constitutional Court decision Number 60/PUU-XXII/2024 regarding the threshold for the nomination of regional heads and Constitutional Court decision Number 70/PUU-XXII / 2024 regarding the age limit for candidates for regional heads. This research is a literature study with qualitative methods and a normative legal approach, including statutory, case, and conceptual analysis. The Data was obtained through the analysis of relevant legal and regulatory documents, as well as public opinion published in online media. This study provides an overview of the current challenges of Indonesian democracy as well as the implications of legal decisions on national political dynamics.

Narcotics are substances or drugs derived from plants or non-plants, either synthetic or semi-synthetic, which can cause decreased or altered consciousness, loss of feeling, reduced or even eliminated pain, and can cause dependency. Drug abuse in Indonesia has reached a very worrying stage. Drugs no longer recognize age limits , old people, young people, teenagers and even children are users and dealers of illegal drugs. The illegal distribution of drugs in Indonesia is no less worrying, drugs are not only circulating in big cities in Indonesia, but have also penetrated into small areas. The problem raised in this study is the role of the North Sumatra regional police in uncovering narcotics crimes. The type of research used is empirical legal research with conceptual approach methods, legislative approaches, and sociological approaches. The types of data are primary data and secondary data, while the data sources for this study come from the results of interviews with respondents and informants. It was concluded that the role of the North Sumatra Regional Police in disclosing narcotics crimes is that the police conduct counseling in schools, install banners, pamphlets on the highway, carry out patrols and police operations. Furthermore, the police enforce the law starting from the investigation stage to the transfer of cases to the District Court while still referring to Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the Police and other related regulations. The obstacles faced by the North Sumatra Regional Police are: Community factors, Limited Human Resources, Limited operational funds and Law enforcement factors .

This article examines the perspectives of Islamic law and positive law regarding the age limit for marriage. Age is generally seen as an indicator of maturity, though it is not always a reliable measure. The aim of this study is to explore the views of both Islamic law and positive law on the marriage age limit and its relevance in today's context. The research employs a normative juridical method, focusing on the applicable legal regulations. The findings reveal that Islamic law does not specify a particular age limit for marriage; rather, it relates to the stages of baligh (maturity) and rushd (wisdom). In contrast, positive law sets the marriage age limit for both men and women at 19 years.