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This research aims to develop audio-visual learning media based on the Discovery Learning model to improve the ability to write news texts in grade XI students of SMK Mutiara Qolbu Cianjur. The Research and Development (R&D) method is used by referring to the development model which includes the stages of identification of potentials and problems, data collection, product development, product validation, limited scale trials, product revisions, large-scale trials, final revisions, and final products. The research subjects consisted of 103 students in grade XI of SMK Mutiara Qolbu Cianjur which were divided into three classes. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, questionnaires, expert validation, and news text writing tests. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the study show that audio-visual learning media based on the Discovery Learning model obtained a very good feasibility level based on the results of the validation of material experts with a percentage of 91% and the validation of media experts of 89%. The results of the trial showed that the learning media received a positive response from students with an average percentage of 87.25%. In addition, the use of Discovery Learning-based audio-visual learning media has proven to be effective in improving students' ability to write news texts. This is shown by the increase in the average score of students from 64.21 in the pre-test to 84.37 in the post-test. The use of audio-visual media also improves students' learning activities, such as active questioning, discussion participation, and the ability to identify news elements.

This research is motivated by the low skills of students in writing speech texts, especially in the aspects of structure, idea development, and language use. This study aims to describe the application of infographic media, analyze the differences in writing abilities between the experimental and control classes, and determine student responses. The study used a quantitative approach with an experimental design at SMP Negeri 55 Surabaya. The research sample consisted of class VIII B as the experiment and VIII A as the control. Data collection techniques included observation, pretest and posttest tests, and questionnaires. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test. The results showed that the application of infographic media ran very well. There was a significant difference in the ability to write speech texts between the two classes, with an average posttest score of 78.2 for the experimental class and 69.5 for the control class (sig. 0.000 <0.05). Student responses were also in the very good category. Thus, infographic media is effective in improving students' speech writing skills.

This study examines compounding in exposition texts written by Grade XI students of SMA Swasta Anastasia. The study is motivated by the importance of word formation processes in enriching vocabulary and improving students’ writing skills, particularly in expressing ideas clearly and systematically. This research aims to identify the forms and meanings of compound words used in students’ exposition texts. A qualitative descriptive method with content analysis was employed, and the data were analyzed based on the concept of compounding in morphological studies. The findings reveal that students use various types of compound words, including noun–noun combinations, adjective–noun combinations, and reduplication forms that produce new meanings. The results indicate that compounding contributes to meaning clarification and enhances students’ ability to communicate ideas effectively through written texts. However, students’ competence in using compound words is still developing and influenced by their linguistic environment and learning experiences. This study contributes to morphology research and Indonesian language education by highlighting the role of word formation in students’ writing development.

This study compares Grammarly and Paraphraser.io in supporting students’ academic writing and rewriting skills based on Flower and Hayes’s (1981) cognitive process theory, which includes the stages of planning, translating, and reviewing. Using a descriptive qualitative method supported by quantitative data, the research involved 32 English Education students who had used both tools in academic writing. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed descriptively to identify students’ perceptions of grammatical accuracy, rewriting ability, feedback quality, and overall writing improvement. The results of this study indicate that 54.4% of students use Grammarly and 45.6% use Paraphraser.io, showing that Grammarly is the slightly more dominant and trusted tool for improving grammatical accuracy and clarity, while Paraphraser.io functions as a complementary platform for paraphrasing and generating new sentence structures; together, both tools contribute effectively though through distinct roles to enhancing students’ academic writing performance. The comparative analysis revealed that Grammarly was most effective in enhancing analytical skills during the planning and reviewing stages, improving grammar, coherence, and clarity. In contrast, Paraphraser.io was most beneficial for generative skills in the translating stage, directly enhancing originality and sentence variation. Most respondents rated their writing improvement highly, confirming the positive impact of both tools on academic performance. In conclusion, the findings confirm that Grammarly and Paraphraser.io serve distinct, yet complementary roles: the former ensures linguistic precision, while the latter supports structural creativity, ultimately helping students produce highly accurate and original academic texts.

This study aims to explain the application of various differentiated learning techniques based on Problem-Based Learning (PBL) to improve analytical and writing skills related to procedural texts among junior high school students. This research is based on students' lack of ability to understand and compose procedural texts methodically and in accordance with language conventions, which is caused by the prevalence of conventional teacher-centered learning. This study used a descriptive qualitative methodology involving seventh-grade students from a junior high school that has adopted the PBL model in Indonesian language subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that the application of PBL along with differentiated learning and TPACK increased student engagement, accommodated diverse learning styles, and fostered critical thinking, analytical abilities, and collaborative skills. Learning became more meaningful and relevant, enabling students to compose procedural texts more effectively. This study recommends the application of the PBL model with differentiation as an innovative strategy to improve the quality of Indonesian language education in junior high schools.

Education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have spiritual religious strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills needed by themselves, society, nation and state (Law of the Republic of Indonesia). To realize the goals of national education, the curriculum is made as a guideline used in learning activities as regulated in Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 32 of 2013 concerning National Education Standards. The purpose of this study is to describe the difficulties of students in writing stories in the Indonesian language subject of grade IV at SDIT Harapan Umat Brebes. This study uses a qualitative research type. The approach used in this study is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The location of this research is SDIT Harapan Umat Brebes on Jl. Proklamasi KM. 03 Utara Islamic Center (In front of the Integrated Government Office), Brebes, Central Java, Indonesia 52212. Based on the research that has been done on the analysis of the level of difficulty of students in writing stories in the Indonesian language subject, it can be concluded that the level of ability of grade IV students in writing stories is still quite low. The difficulties faced by students in writing stories in the Indonesian language subject in grade IV SDIT Harapan Umat Brebes include several things, including students experiencing difficulties in determining the title of the narrative text, students' inability to arrange words into a story that is interconnected with each other.

Based on the results of initial interviews and observations, it was found that several students still experienced difficulties in writing procedural texts effectively. These difficulties included a lack of understanding of the structure and characteristics of procedural texts, challenges in expressing ideas in written form, limited ability to compose coherent and communicative sentences, and the use of monotonous learning models that failed to stimulate student motivation. This study aims to describe the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model based on the Tri N approach (Niteni, Niroke, and Nambahake) to improve the procedural text writing skills of fourth-grade students at Sidomukti Elementary School, Ambal Sub-district, Kebumen Regency, as well as to identify the improvement in writing skills after its application. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, tests, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings revealed that the application of the PjBL model integrated with Tri N values significantly improved students’ ability to write procedural texts. The learning process was carried out through six main stages of PjBL: formulating essential questions, planning projects, creating schedules, monitoring student activities, testing results, and evaluating learning experiences. The integration with Tri N principles encouraged students to understand, imitate, and develop their writing skills gradually. Thus, the PjBL model based on Tri N proved effective in helping students overcome writing difficulties while also fostering creativity, independence, and active participation in the learning process.

This study aims to improve the inspirational story writing skills of ninth grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Paliyan, Gunungkidul Regency, through the SAVI (Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual) approach. The background of this research is the students’ low ability to express ideas coherently, meaningfully, and attractively in the form of inspirational stories. The SAVI approach is expected to make the learning process more enjoyable, active, and meaningful by involving various student learning styles. This research employs a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of the research were 32 ninth-grade students. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and writing skill tests. The data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods to assess the improvement in students’ writing skills. The results of the study indicate that the SAVI approach effectively enhances students’ inspirational story writing skills. In the first cycle, students showed initial improvements, though they had not yet reached the success criteria. After revisions in the second cycle, students' writing skills significantly improved and met the expected indicators. The improvements were evident in aspects such as text structure, language use, and idea development. Therefore, the SAVI approach is effective in teaching inspirational story writing.

Writing is a complex and fundamental language skill that plays a central role in developing students’ literacy, particularly in the context of producing negotiation texts. Negotiation texts are one of the text types taught in the Indonesian language curriculum that demand mastery of varied vocabulary, logical coherence, and persuasive language structures. Despite its importance, many students continue to face challenges in composing negotiation texts effectively. Difficulties are often found in choosing the right vocabulary, applying grammatical rules accurately, and constructing arguments that are logically consistent and persuasive. This study aims to analyze the extent to which students’ mastery of Indonesian vocabulary and grammar contributes to their ability to write negotiation texts. The research was conducted on class X students of MAN Kota Mojokerto using a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through three techniques: analysis of students’ written negotiation texts, interviews with teachers and students, and classroom observations during the learning process. The results of the study reveal that most students demonstrate limited mastery of vocabulary, which results in repetitive word choices and restricted expression. In addition, weaknesses in grammar application often lead to inaccurate sentence construction, lack of cohesion, and unclear argument flow. These shortcomings significantly affect the quality of negotiation texts, which tend to be less persuasive, poorly structured, and unable to fulfill the standard criteria of negotiation text writing. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that vocabulary mastery and grammar proficiency play a crucial role in supporting students’ negotiation text writing skills. To address this issue, Indonesian language learning needs to adopt strategies that consistently emphasize writing practice, provide opportunities for vocabulary enrichment, and strengthen students’ grammatical competence. Such approaches are expected to improve students’ literacy levels, particularly in the production of negotiation texts.

This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of using AI Gemini in improving the writing ability of chronological essays among second-semester students of the English Education Department at Universitas Bhinneka PGRI. A quantitative approach with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was applied. The instruments used were writing tests administered before and after the treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 through descriptive statistics, normality testing, and hypothesis testing. The results indicated a significant improvement in the post-test scores, with a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000 (<0.05). The mean pre-test score of 66.50 increased to 85.00 in the post-test. These findings demonstrate that the use of AI Gemini is effective in supporting students to improve their writing skills, particularly in grammar accuracy, sentence structure, vocabulary, and text coherence. This study also emphasizes the importance of applying AI tools in a balanced way to foster critical thinking and independent writing skills.

The ability of students’ writing skills in class VIII is related to the use of spelling (letters). Capitalization) and word selection (meaning) in writing slogan text compositions for students are still lacking. This study aims to analyze errors in the use of Indonesian in writing slogan text compositions for class VIII students at UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli. This study is a qualitative descriptive study. The data for this study are student worksheets in writing slogan text compositions. The data sources in this study were class VIII-F students at UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli and one of the Indonesian language teachers. The research instruments were tables of Indonesian language errors in writing slogan text compositions and interviews. Data collection techniques were observation, interviews and written tests. The data analysis technique in this study was reduction. Data, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, the errors in Indonesian language in writing slogan text compositions found 161 errors in the use of Indonesian language in writing slogan text compositions of class VIII-F students including: (1) the use of spelling (capital letters) as many as 31 errors, starting from errors in the placement of capital letters (capital) and placement or use of lower case letters in writing student slogan texts, (2) word selection as many as 72 errors

This research aims to determine the improving writing descriptive texts using picture in Class X at SMA Negeri 1 Lawe Sigala-gala in the academic year 2023/2024. The population of this study consists of all 198 students in Class X, with a sample size of 30 students. The research method employed is an experimental method with a one-group pretest and posttest design, and data analysis using the "t" test. The initial test results show that students had an average score of 50.33, categorized as less satisfactory, with a standard deviation of 6.82. There was an improvement in the final test scores, with an average score of 76.83, categorized as good, and a standard deviation of 2.85. Based on the initial and final test results, and considering the passing grade (KKM) for English in high school is 75, students' ability in writing descriptive texts is classified as good. The hypothesis testing yields a t-value of 14.1, compared with the t-table value at a 5% significance level (1.706). As a result, the hypothesis is accepted (14.1 > 1.706). In conclusion, there is an improving the student writing descriptive texts using picture in Class X at SMA Negeri 1 Lawe Sigala-gala in the academic year 2023/2024.

His study aims to analyze the ability of fourth grade elementary school stundents in writing argumentative texts. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with an instrumen in the form of Student worksheet (LKPD) wich were developed to measure the skills of expressing opinions, giving reasons, and making consclusions in the form of argumentative texts. The result of the study showed  that most students were able to express oponions and reason simply, but still had difficulty in comosing coherent and coherent paraghraphs. This study provides an overview of the importance of continuous practice in writing arguments for elementary sschool students.  

This study aims to describe the planning of the use of historical films in learning to write drama texts for Class XI.2 students at SMA Taruna Mandara, describe the implementation of using historical films in learning to write drama texts for Class XI.2 students at SMA Taruna Mandara, describe the students’ ability to write drama texts using historical films, and describe the students’ responses to the use of historical films in learning to write drama texts. This research used observation, interviews, documentation studies, and questionnaires as its methods. The analysis techniques used were descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of this study are fourfold: (1) the planning for using historical films in learning to write drama texts includes the main objectives of using historical films, criteria for selecting historical films, the platforms used to select historical films, and the integration of historical films into the learning process, (2) the implementation consists of three stages: introduction, main activity, and closing, applying the discovery learning method, (3) the students’ learning outcomes using historical films in writing drama texts reached an average score of 82, categorized as good. (4) the students’ responses to the use of historical films in writing drama texts obtained an average score of 35.78, categorized as positive.

This study aims to analyze the difficulties faced by phase B learners in primary schools in the skill of writing description essays. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach, which involves observation and in-depth interviews with 20 learners. The results of the analysis showed that the difficulties in writing description essays resulted from several factors, including a lack of understanding of text structure, a lack of vocabulary, and a lack of motivation to learn. In addition, environmental factors such as support from parents and teachers also affect students' writing ability. This research is expected to provide insights for teachers and related parties in improving description essay writing skills so that students can develop optimally.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of uring the Project Based Learning model on the ability to write narrative texts in grade IV students at UPT SDN 18 Gresik. The type of research used is quantitative research with an experimental reseacrh method. The experimental research method used is a quasi esperiment, because in this study the researcher cannot control all variables. The subjects involved in this research were class 4 of UPT SDN 18 Gresik in the 2024/2025 academic year, totaling 54 students who were divided into 2 classes, namely class IVA and IVB. The analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Based on the result of the analysis that has been done, the average value of the post-test value of the experimental class is 83,77. While in the control class, the average value is 78,56. From these results, it it proven by hypothesis testing using the independent sample T Test at a significance level of α = 0,05 showing a Sig value of 0,000, which means the Sig value < 0,05.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the use of infographic media can enhance the argumentative writing skills of eleventh-grade students at SMK Negeri Sragi, located in the Sragi District of Pekalongan Regency, Central Java. Argumentative writing is a critical academic skill that enables students to express opinions clearly, logically, and persuasively. However, many students struggle with organizing their ideas, building coherent arguments, and presenting supporting evidence effectively. To address this issue, the research employs a quantitative descriptive method with a pre-test and post-test design. A total of 30 students from grade XI were randomly selected as research participants. Infographics were introduced as an instructional medium to assist students in better understanding the structure of argumentative texts, including thesis statements, supporting arguments, counterarguments, and conclusions. The visual nature of infographics was expected to improve students’ ability to grasp and organize key components of argumentative writing. The results of data analysis indicate a significant improvement in students’ writing performance after the implementation of infographic-based instruction. Students demonstrated enhanced clarity, coherence, and persuasiveness in their arguments. Furthermore, the use of infographics increased student motivation and confidence in expressing opinions through writing. This research concludes that infographic media is an effective tool for improving argumentative writing skills among vocational high school students. It is recommended that educators incorporate visual learning tools such as infographics to support writing instruction. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more engaging and innovative teaching strategies that promote critical thinking and communication skills in the classroom.

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of vocabulary on the ability to write descriptive texts, to find out grammar on the ability to write descriptive texts and to find out the relationship between the use of vocabulary and grammar on the ability to write descriptive texts in students of SMP Negeri 11 Jayapura City. With a quantitative research method. Based on the analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of vocabulary and grammar mastery on the ability to write descriptive texts of junior high school students in Jayapura City. statistically proven with a significant value (Sig.) which is smaller than 0.05 on all variables tested, both individually and together. These results indicate that the combination of vocabulary and grammar mastery is very important to improve students' descriptive text writing skills. Overall, the variables of grammar and vocabulary mastery can explain 60 percent of the variation in students' descriptive text writing skills, with vocabulary making a greater contribution (35.74 percent) than grammar (24.26 percent). These findings emphasize the importance of focusing on developing vocabulary and grammar simultaneously to achieve the best results in learning to write descriptive texts in junior high schools in Jayapura City.

This research aims to describe students' reading interest, to explain students' ability to write expository texts, and to prove the correlation between reading interest and the ability to write expository texts of class X students at SMA Negeri 1 Gowa. The population of this study was 432 students. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The sample in this research was class X.7 students, totaling 36 students. The data collection technique uses a reading interest questionnaire and an expository text writing ability test. The validity test uses the product formula, there are 36 or all statements are valid because the calculated r is greater than the r table, data analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The results of the research data description show that students' reading interest can be said to be in the high category with a percentage of 36% and students' ability to write expository texts is in the medium category with a percentage of 42%. From the results of descriptive statistical analysis using the product moment correlation formula, it can be seen that the level of relationship between interest in reading and the ability to write expository texts obtained a calculated r value of 0.782. Meanwhile, the r table with N=36 at the 5% significance level is 0.329. These results show that r count > r table, indicating that there is a positive and significant relationship between interest in reading and the ability to write expository texts in class X SMA Negeri 1 Gowa for the 2024/2025 academic year.

Writing is communication that is used to express ideas or concepts in written form. When writing, you need the ability to express thoughts, concepts and experiences to make writing easier. However, after observations were made in class VII C regarding writing, namely writing response texts, it turned out that there were still many students who were lazy, lacked enthusiasm, had difficulty expressing ideas, liked playing games, and were less interested in writing response texts. Therefore, action is needed to improve students' writing skills. The aim of this research is to describe the improvement in skills in writing descriptive response texts through flowing sentence techniques with image media in class VII C students at SMP Negeri 3 Madiun. The learning process is carried out through two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. The results of this study showed that the class average score on the pre-cycle knowledge test was 63.47. In cycle I there was an increase of 78 or in the quite good category and in cycle II there was another increase of 84 or in the good category. The increase in writing descriptive response texts was also followed by changes in students' learning attitudes towards a better direction during the learning process of writing descriptive response texts using flowing sentence techniques using image media.