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HIV/AIDS poses a considerable public health challenge on a global scale, and Indonesia is no exception. The HIV virus can be transmitted through several pathways, including mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding, as well as through unprotected sexual intercourse and the use of non-sterile medical equipment. Studies have shown that delivering a baby via caesarean section can lower the risk of HIV transmission compared to vaginal delivery. Additionally, breastfeeding from HIV-positive mothers may heighten the chances of passing the virus to their infants, particularly under certain conditions. To reduce the risk of HIV transmission, preventive measures such as antiretroviral therapy (ARV) are vital, especially for serodiscordant couples—those in which one partner is HIV-positive while the other is not. Furthermore, social support and counseling play critical roles in encouraging adherence to treatment regimens among patients. This research aims to deepen our understanding of HIV transmission and to investigate effective preventive strategies that can significantly lower the risk of infection.

In the digital era, competition in the graphic design industry is increasingly competitive, requiring businesses to innovate and adapt with effective strategies. This study aims to develop business strategies using the Business Model Canvas (BMC) for Trikarasu Design, a start-up in the graphic design field. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach and literature study method, the research maps the nine BMC elements to analyze opportunities and challenges faced. The findings reveal that BMC aids Trikarasu Design in identifying product value propositions, customer segments, and relevant distribution channels. Digital promotion strategies through social media platforms like Instagram and TikTok are proven effective in enhancing visibility and fostering personal relationships with customers. This study provides practical contributions in the form of BMC-based strategies that support the sustainability and growth of Trikarasu Design in the dynamic graphic design market.

Employee performance, particularly in the customer care department, is crucial as all aspects of hospital care related to patient experience. Effective and responsive interactions can enhance patient satisfaction, build trust, and create a supportive environment that aids the healing process. Additionally, customer care employees serve as a bridge between patients and medical staff, ensuring that patients' needs and inquiries are addressed with distinction. Therefore, it is essential for hospital management to maintain employee performance by providing work motivation, discipline, and appropriate compensation. This study aims to analyze the partial and simultaneous effects of work motivation, work discipline, and compensation on improving employee performance in the Customer Care Department of Bandung Adventist Hospital. This descriptive quantitative research was conducted with 30 customer care employees at Bandung Adventist Hospital in early September 2024. The findings indicate that work motivation and compensation do not significantly affect employee performance according to the data analysis, whereas work discipline has a significant impact on employee performance. However, when considered together, work motivation, work discipline, and compensation collectively have a significant effect, accounting for 44.1% of the variance. From this data, it can be concluded that maintaining work motivation, discipline, and compensation together can help sustain employee performance in the Customer Care Department of Bandung Adventist Hospital.

This study analyzes the rhetorical strategies in Samsung’s Galaxy S24 FE advertisement on YouTube, examining how diction, persuasion techniques, and language style appeal to a broad audience. Through qualitative content analysis, the research categorizes diction into denotative and connotative meanings and general and specific terms to understand how Samsung communicates product attributes clearly and persuasively. Persuasive techniques include rationalization, identification, suggestion, conformity, and compensation. Samsung’s language style, characterized by alliteration, assonance, and anastrophe, and Samsung’s repetition language style, characterized by epistrophe, reinforces product qualities and aids memorability. The results reveal that Samsung effectively combines direct, relatable language with emotional and logical appeals, positioning the Galaxy S24 FE as a product that meets diverse lifestyle needs. This study contributes insights into the role of rhetoric in digital advertising, highlighting methods for effective consumer engagement and brand positioning.

This research aims to analyze the comparison of using contextual learning media (concrete) involving technology in improving the mathematics learning outcomes of first-grade elementary school students.  The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach.  Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation to understand students' interactions with creative learning media and its impact on their understanding of basic mathematical concepts.  The results of this study indicate that the use of learning media, both contextual (concrete) and involving technology, such as visual aids and educational games, can increase students' interest in learning, help them understand the material more easily, and have a positive impact on their mathematics learning outcomes.  It is hoped that the use of innovative and creative learning media can continue to be applied in mathematics education to support the cognitive development and interest of students in mathematics from an early age.  However, the use of concrete learning media involving counting boards and jumping frogs is hindered by time efficiency.

PE learning in schools will be optimal if the available facilities and infrastructure are adequate and the learning process focuses on the needs of students, of course, on the kasti ball game material. There are several factors that are obstacles, namely from the students themselves such as fear in doing blows, lack of confidence. This study aims to determine the effect of the modification of hitting aids and balls on the ability of hitting and throwing skills in the game of kasti ball for grade 6 students of SDN Gading 1 Surabaya. Data collection was carried out through student skill tests by providing modifications to batting aids and balls to determine the improvement of hitting skills in students. Data analysis uses descriptive statistical tests in the form of averages, standard deviations, variances, and inferential statistics using normality tests, t-tests, and improvement measurements. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that there was an increase in the ability of hitting skills in the game of kasti ball by more than 90% after being given modifications of batting aids and balls to students.

Teachers, lecturers, students, and the community use the library as a knowledge and information resource in the context of implementing learning. A library is often thought of as a sizable book collection that is kept for the express purpose of gathering, maintaining, and dispensing books. Students can look up and gather the most recent scientific data in the library, which aids them with their assignments. People's preference for instant information via social media, especially students, is one of the reasons reading is becoming less popular these days. Aside from the fall in students' interest in reading, two other reasons why libraries are silent are their incapacity to adapt to the changing times and their failure to satisfy the demands of students. As a result, Balige must have a public library that can serve everyone in the city and can meet the demands of community activities. This Public Library design uses a contextual architectural approach to integrate various elements of the surrounding building facades.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the demonstration teaching method in improving the learning outcomes of Islamic Religious Education (IRE) for eighth-grade students at SMP Budi Utomo, Srono. The demonstration teaching method was chosen because it provides students with direct experience, allowing them to understand the material more clearly and practically. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation, and were then analyzed by systematically describing the findings based on facts and phenomena observed in the field. The results of the study show that the implementation of the demonstration teaching method was carried out through three main stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. During the planning stage, the teacher prepares relevant materials and teaching aids for the topic being taught. The implementation stage involves using visual media and teaching aids to clarify the explanation of the material, while engaging students in the demonstration activities directly. In the evaluation stage, the teacher provides feedback to assess the students' understanding of the material taught. The application of the demonstration method has a positive impact on the students' learning outcomes. The study shows that students experienced an increase in their understanding of IRE material, greater enthusiasm for learning, and improved responsiveness to issues in their surrounding environment. Additionally, group learning activities during the teaching process strengthened communication skills among students. Therefore, this method proves to be effective in enhancing the quality of classroom learning.

Physics is a part of natural science that has the properties of processes, products and values. Most of the concepts of physics are formulas, but they can be tested through experiments. Along with technological developments in experiments often used technology-based aids, for example the use of PhET (Physics Education Technology) applications to determine gravitational acceleration through simple swivel arrangements. The simple rotation experiment was performed by giving variations in rope lengths of 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 90 cm, and 100 cm for each of the different bulk masses of 0.5 kg and 1 kg. The study aims to determine the value of gravitational acceleration in simple rotations using PhET applications. (Physics Education Technology). Research data is displayed in tables and graphs. The data analysis uses a linear regression equation between the length of the string (L) and the square of the period (T2). Large gravitational acceleration is obtained through the gradient of the linear equation of the longness of the rope (L). The magnitude of gravitational acceleration obtained for a 0.5 kg body mass was 9.50 m/s2, for a 1 kg body weight was 9.67 m /s2, and the average perception of gravity was 9.58 m / s2.

This study investigates the effectiveness of green-space–based interventions in reducing eco-anxiety among urban adolescents, a population increasingly vulnerable to climate-related psychological distress. Eco-anxiety, characterized by persistent worry, cognitive overload, and emotional tension in response to environmental change, has emerged as a significant mental-health challenge. The intervention examined in this research involved structured exposure to natural environments combined with guided reflective activities over multiple sessions. Quantitative results showed a substantial reduction in eco-anxiety symptoms, with participants experiencing approximately a 30% decrease in climate-related worry after the intervention. Improvements were also observed in emotional resilience, including enhanced self-regulation, greater cognitive clarity, and improved coping capacity. Qualitative findings reinforced these outcomes, revealing that participants reported deeper emotional calm, stronger feelings of agency, and an increased sense of connectedness with nature. They described green spaces as restorative environments that helped reduce overthinking, clear mental fatigue, and create psychological grounding. These experiences appear to activate mental-restoration processes consistent with environmental psychology, suggesting that nature engagement can serve as both a preventive and therapeutic mental-health strategy. A comparison with conventional counseling approaches indicated that while standard psychological support aids emotional regulation, it often fails to address the specific ecological concerns driving eco-anxiety. In contrast, green-space exposure offers a more targeted and holistic benefit, combining physiological relaxation with meaningful emotional reassurance. The study concludes that expanding access to green spaces, incorporating nature-based therapeutic elements into public-health programs, and promoting balanced climate literacy may enhance adolescent well-being in a time of intensifying environmental challenges.

The program of efforts to improve the quality of educational facilities and infrastructure services at TKK St. Michael Baobolak, the development of economic literacy in the Maryke Village community aims to improve the quality of educational services at TK St. Michael Baobolak through the provision of facilities and infrastructure that are still inadequate, such as teaching aids, reading books, and play equipment. Thus, it is expected to create a more conducive and enjoyable learning environment for children, and support their optimal growth and development. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews with related parties such as the principal, teachers, and staff, as well as documentation related to educational facilities and infrastructure at TKK St. Michael Baobolak. The results of the study showed that this program succeeded in improving the quality of educational facilities and infrastructure services at TKK St. Michael Baobolak. On the other hand, the results of this activity have also provided coloring tools and alphabet posters. Coloring tools, such as crayons, colored pencils, and markers, are very important media to stimulate children's creativity. Through coloring activities, children not only train their fine motor skills, but also develop their imagination and ability to express themselves. Meanwhile, alphabet posters serve as effective visual aids to help children recognize letters and build the foundations of reading skills, thus having a positive impact on their well-being.

The research that has been done is entitled "Analysis of the Role of Librarianship to Improve Library Services at Pondok Pesantren Al-Yusriyah Sei Meran Pangkalan Susu Langkat Regency", which is motivated by the background that the Library is useful for improving the quality of education in schools, with the aim of supporting the general education curriculum and developing interest in reading. To achieve the goal of quality service, the library is required to meet the needs of its librarians. Not only the fulfillment of information sources, but it is also necessary to pay attention to physical facilities, service quality, and technology that can help the service process so as to achieve user satisfaction. A descriptive qualitative research method was used to conduct this research, providing a more thorough explanation of the research topic. Three data collection methods were used: documentation, interviews, and observation. Interviews in the form of guidelines with several questions were used as study aids. Data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions were used in data analysis techniques, triangulation, including triangulation of sources and theories. The results of the study revealed that (1) The role of librarians at AlYusriyah Islamic Boarding School in improving the quality of library services is very good, it's just that it is necessary to compile a more detailed budget plan and submit it to the school or government, (2) Develop and implement appropriate strategies to attract students and increase visits to the library, (3) and face various significant obstacles, such as limited funds, lack of funds has an impact on inadequate facilities and infrastructure, such as narrow library space and lack of reading facilities. Based on the research findings above, improving the quality of library services is worth applying and implementing as a solution to improve the quality of a more disciplined library to create a quality educational environment.

The quality of health services is the degree of perfection of health services that are in accordance with professional standards and service standards by using the potential resources available in the hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine the Quality of Service in At-Tin Ward Reviewed from Quality Dimensions at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Sukoharjo.This research method is qualitative, namely a research procedure that produces descriptive data to determine the Quality of Service in At-Tin Ward Reviewed from Quality Dimensions at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Sukoharjo. The population in this study were the Head of PMKP, Head of Inpatient Room, Nursing Officer, IPSRS Officer, CS Officer and patients. The variables used in this study are Service Quality, with three dimensions of tangible quality, reliability, responsiveness. conducted in July 2024 to August 2024. The research instruments include observation guidelines, interview guidelines, Data Collection, Data Reduction, Data Display, Conclusion Drawing.The results of the study show Physical Evidence (Tangible) on the aspect of cleanliness. The cleaning staff carries out their duties well, the Aspect of the Availability of Medical Equipment is considered to be in accordance with the standards set for type C hospitals, the aspect of the condition of the ward room can be said to be not good enough, Reliability of officers has sufficient knowledge regarding the procedures and procedures for serving patients, Responsiveness is good quality of service in terms of communication, speed of service, and friendliness of staff.The conclusion of this study is that the Cleanliness Aspect still needs to be improved, Availability of medical devices for respiratory aids needs to be improved, Room conditions in the adult ward still need to be improved, Accurate and Reliable Service Medical personnel in the adult Inpatient ward have shown good competence in carrying out their duties, but there is no clear SOP regarding service times.

The goal of this article is to find the CEO of Iraqi companies that use strategic planning and determine if they are capable of diagnosing the traits of strategic planning systems that improve these companies' capacity to successfully address crisis-related needs. The capacity of the company to successfully react to crisis needs and demands is enhanced by the use of strategic planning, according to a review of data from 64 enterprises utilizing statistical analysis. Furthermore, top and division or unit managers must be involved and committed for strategic planning to be successful. It also has to be planned with an external orientation and get more than just lip service from top and unit or division level managers. In other words, it must concentrate on how well the business responds to the needs of its crisis and it must recognize and take advantage of any future growth crises. Additionally, a CEO must possess a variety of qualities to engage in good strategic planning. Core Competence Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities are especially important for individuals who will be in charge of carrying out the final plan since it must be compatible with the crisis-management and decision-making approaches. The study's findings suggest that managers of Iraqi businesses should think carefully about the value of strategic planning during times of crisis. also Many CEOs lack knowledge, skills, and talents since they did not complete business universities or practical training programs. Managers must attempt to incorporate crisis management into the strategic planning process for their organizations. The conclusion encourages a firm's strategy approach to include crisis management procedures. This contributes to better performance and increased crisis management efficacy. Additionally, the board of directors must rely on advice from experts who can assist them strategize and prepare throughout a crisis, which improves their capacity to handle one effectively. One way to integrate and improve managers' ability to handle crises is to encourage the use of strategic crisis planning.

This study aims to analyze the extent to which community participation influences the public policy-making process in Indonesia. The public policy-making process encompasses a series of actions and decisions that lead to the development and adoption of specific public policies. Community participation is a critical element in this process as it aids in shaping, defining, and implementing policies that directly affect the community. This research employs a qualitative methodology, gathering data through in-depth interviews, document studies, and participant observations of stakeholders directly involved in the public policy formulation process. The findings indicate that while community participation is granted a significant role in policy formulation, several barriers remain, such as a lack of information, limited technical capacity among community members, and other structural issues that impact the level and quality of participation. This study advocates for increased transparency and openness of information, training and capacity-building initiatives for communities, and enhanced participation in the policy formulation process. It contributes to the literature on the role and influence of community participation in public policy formulation, particularly in the Indonesian context.

This study investigates the effect of the Team Word-Webbing technique on reading comprehension among tenth-grade students at MAN Koto Baru, Dharmasraya. Reading comprehension is critical for language acquisition and academic success, as it encompasses the ability to extract and interpret meaning from text. Despite its importance, many students struggle with reading comprehension due to various factors including limited vocabulary and insufficient engagement. To address these issues, the study employed a quantitative experimental design, using a quasi-experimental approach with an experimental group and a control group. The research involved a pre-test and post-test assessment to measure reading comprehension levels before and after the implementation of the Team Word-Webbing technique. The experimental group was taught using this technique, which involves organizing ideas visually to enhance understanding, while the control group received traditional instruction. The sample consisted of two classes selected through purposive sampling, with data analyzed using t-tests to compare outcomes. Results indicated that the Team Word-Webbing technique significantly improved reading comprehension compared to conventional methods. The experimental group demonstrated higher post-test scores, with statistical analysis revealing a significant difference (p < 0.05). This suggests that Team Word-Webbing enhances students' ability to understand and retain reading material by facilitating better organization of ideas and active engagement. In conclusion, the study supports the effectiveness of Team Word-Webbing as an instructional strategy to improve reading comprehension. This technique not only aids in comprehension but also promotes active learning and student interaction, making it a valuable tool for educators aiming to enhance reading skills in the classroom.

The lack of understanding of the concept of Multiplication and Division as well as the lack of knowledge about learning media or teaching aids for children in Wali ATE Village encouraged the Team to carry out socialization activities on the use of Smart Board teaching aids to improve numeracy skills, especially multiplication and division material. The implementation of the activity started with a demonstration of the use of smart board props by the Team, followed by the opportunity for the children to try out the smart board props. The results show that it is easier for children to understand the concept of multiplication and division of numbers as seen from the children's enthusiasm in playing the smart board props

This article discusses the English language learning development program at Madrasah Jamiyatut Tholibin, Soket Dajah Village, Bangkalan, Madura. This program was motivated by the low English language skills of students in the area, which were caused by limited educational facilities, lack of teaching resources, and ineffective teaching methods. This program aims to improve students' English skills through a more interactive and contextual approach, which is relevant to their daily lives. In addition, this program also involves training for teachers to improve their competence in teaching English, including the use of media and technology as learning aids. The results of this program showed a significant increase in students' English skills, both in terms of comprehension and communication skills. In addition, this program also succeeded in increasing students' learning motivation and developing teachers' capacity in teaching English. Thus, this program is expected to be a model for the development of English language learning in other rural areas in Indonesia.

With all respect and gratitude, we express our gratitude to the presence of Allah SWT who has bestowed His grace and grace, so that we can complete a paper entitled "Development of Hear Talk Me Application Design for Deaf People Based on the Android operating system". Shalawat and salam may always be poured out to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, a role model for mankind. This paper describes the development of smarthphone aids that aim to improve accessibility for deaf people. This application is designed using the android operating system to be easily used by users with special needs. The main features included include text to voice translation and vice versa, as well as vibration notifications for incoming calls or messages. With this paper, we hope to create a useful and effective tool for deaf people to be able to access and utilize Smartphone functions maximally, hopefully this paper can provide useful insights and inspire further research in the development of accessibility technology

In the current era of computers, technology and information systems have become common aspects of daily life. The evolution of information technology, particularly in the use of computers and the internet, is rapid among society. The presence of technology and information systems greatly aids individuals in disseminating and receiving information. Due to its rapid development, technology and information systems are not only a medium for obtaining information but can also be used as tools in the academic world. The attendance of students at SMA Muhammadiyah Waingapu is still done manually or written using paper/books, making it prone to damage and loss. The purpose of this research is to facilitate teachers in retrieving student data so that when teachers need to conduct grade meetings or promotion meetings, it will be easier to collect each student's attendance. This system is built using the extreme programming method with PHP, CSS, Xampp, and MySQL programming languages.