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The ability to describe graphs accurately in English is an essential academic skill for EFL learners, particularly in higher education contexts where students are required to interpret and communicate visual data. However, many learners still experience difficulties in producing grammatically accurate graph descriptions. This study aims to investigate the level of grammatical accuracy demonstrated by EFL learners in graph description tasks and identify the grammatical aspects that require further improvement. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, the research analyzed 30 samples of students’ written graph descriptions produced by undergraduate learners. The analysis focused on several grammatical aspects, including subject–verb agreement, tense consistency, article usage, sentence structure, prepositions, and punctuation. The findings reveal that students frequently struggle with subject–verb agreement and article usage, while punctuation errors occurred less frequently. The study highlights that grammatical accuracy remains an important challenge for EFL learners in academic writing tasks involving data interpretation. Therefore, it is recommended that grammar instruction be integrated more intensively into graph description activities in English classes. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective teaching strategies in academic writing instruction for EFL learners.

This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic procrastination in completing final assignments among Psychology students at Medan Area University. Academic procrastination is a procrastination behavior often carried out by students when facing important tasks, including their thesis, which can impact graduation delays and decrease learning motivation. Psychological factors, such as emotional intelligence, are thought to influence this procrastination tendency. Emotional intelligence encompasses an individual's ability to recognize, understand, manage, and express emotions healthily, as well as establish positive interpersonal relationships. Students with high emotional intelligence tend to be better able to cope with pressure, manage academic stress, and maintain focus on their academic goals. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlational method to examine the relationship between the two variables. The subjects in this study were 80 final-year students who were in the process of preparing their final assignments. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with the criteria being active students who were writing their thesis. The instruments used consisted of an emotional intelligence scale and an academic procrastination scale compiled based on relevant theoretical indicators. Data analysis was performed using the Pearson correlation test. The analysis results show a significant negative relationship between emotional intelligence and academic procrastination. This means that the higher a student's emotional intelligence, the lower their level of academic procrastination. This finding suggests that emotional intelligence plays a crucial role in supporting students in completing their final assignments on time. Therefore, developing emotional intelligence through psychological training or guidance could be a strategy to reduce procrastination among students.

Sustainable learning should begin with strengthening basic skills such as reading, writing, and arithmetic (calistung). This is heavily influenced by the teaching methods, media, and teaching modules used. Adapting the content into student activities through modules is key to improving the quality of the learning process. In response to this issue, the Community Service Team (PkM) conducted a Training on Preparing Teaching Modules at the Swara Peduli Ceria Foundation, located in Klender, East Jakarta. This training aimed to assist educators at the learning center in developing relevant and impactful teaching modules for children. The activity was held at the Learning Center Hall of the Swara Peduli Ceria Foundation, with 15 participants attending. The training was carried out in five stages: (1) initial preparation, (2) activity presentation, (3) delivery of material, (4) activity evaluation, and (5) follow-up. Participants were given both theoretical materials and practical experience in developing teaching modules. The results showed an improvement in the participants' ability to design teaching modules that were appropriate for the needs of the children at the learning center. The final product, a collaboratively developed teaching module, was considered beneficial and practical for the educators to implement in their lessons. This activity provided a positive impact not only for the participants but also for the quality of learning at the center. The PkM program strengthened the role of higher education institutions in supporting sustainable education for the community. By helping educators in preparing suitable teaching materials and modules, the program contributed to enhancing the learning environment for children, ensuring that the education they receive aligns with their developmental needs. This initiative also highlights the importance of collaboration between universities and local educational institutions in improving education quality and fostering sustainable growth in the community.

This study aims to improve the ability to write job application letters among 12th-grade students at SMK BAZNAS Makassar through a contextual approach. The background of this research is based on the students’ low skills in writing job application letters in accordance with linguistic conventions and proper text structure. The method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles. Data collection techniques include observation, writing tests, and documentation. The results of the study show that the contextual approach significantly enhances students' ability to write job application letters, as evidenced by an increase in the average score from 68.5 in the pre-cycle to 81.2 at the end of the second cycle. This research recommends that Indonesian language teachers at vocational schools implement contextual approaches as an effective and relevant teaching strategy aligned with workplace demands.

The ability of students’ writing skills in class VIII is related to the use of spelling (letters). Capitalization) and word selection (meaning) in writing slogan text compositions for students are still lacking. This study aims to analyze errors in the use of Indonesian in writing slogan text compositions for class VIII students at UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli. This study is a qualitative descriptive study. The data for this study are student worksheets in writing slogan text compositions. The data sources in this study were class VIII-F students at UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Gunungsitoli and one of the Indonesian language teachers. The research instruments were tables of Indonesian language errors in writing slogan text compositions and interviews. Data collection techniques were observation, interviews and written tests. The data analysis technique in this study was reduction. Data, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, the errors in Indonesian language in writing slogan text compositions found 161 errors in the use of Indonesian language in writing slogan text compositions of class VIII-F students including: (1) the use of spelling (capital letters) as many as 31 errors, starting from errors in the placement of capital letters (capital) and placement or use of lower case letters in writing student slogan texts, (2) word selection as many as 72 errors

The purpose of this research is to  analyze the ability to write review texts without using the Concept Sentence model of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Tigapanah, analyze the ability to write review texts by using the Concept Sentence model of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Tigapanah, and analyze the impact of the Concept Sentence model on the ability to write review texts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Tigapanah. This research uses a quantitative method with a true experimental design in the form of a posttest-only control group design. The research population was all class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Tigapanah, and the sampling technique was carried out randomly with two selected classes: one as a control class consisting of 25 students, and one as an experimental class consisting of 25 students. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews, and review text writing tests. The results of the research indicate that the average value of the capability to write review texts of students in the control class (without the Concept Sentence model) was 65.98 with a sufficient category, while the average value in the experimental class (using the Concept Sentence model) was 85.7 with a good category. Hypothesis testing with the t-test approach using the SPSS application obtained a 2-tailed significance value of 0.00 <0.05.

This study aims to describe the planning of the use of historical films in learning to write drama texts for Class XI.2 students at SMA Taruna Mandara, describe the implementation of using historical films in learning to write drama texts for Class XI.2 students at SMA Taruna Mandara, describe the students’ ability to write drama texts using historical films, and describe the students’ responses to the use of historical films in learning to write drama texts. This research used observation, interviews, documentation studies, and questionnaires as its methods. The analysis techniques used were descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of this study are fourfold: (1) the planning for using historical films in learning to write drama texts includes the main objectives of using historical films, criteria for selecting historical films, the platforms used to select historical films, and the integration of historical films into the learning process, (2) the implementation consists of three stages: introduction, main activity, and closing, applying the discovery learning method, (3) the students’ learning outcomes using historical films in writing drama texts reached an average score of 82, categorized as good. (4) the students’ responses to the use of historical films in writing drama texts obtained an average score of 35.78, categorized as positive.

This study aims to develop Genially-based teaching materials for the topic of news text writing for Grade VII students at UPTD SMP Negeri 5 Gunungsitoli. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Borg and Gall model, which consists of ten stages ranging from identifying potentials and problems to mass production. The research subjects were students from class VII-E (6 students: 3 male and 3 female) and class VII-D (31 students: 15 male and 16 female). The validation results of the teaching materials indicated a very high level of feasibility, with scores from three experts: material expert (100%), language expert (100%), and design expert (96.6%). A practicality test conducted on a small group yielded a score of 96.11%, categorized as "Very Practical." The effectiveness test carried out on the larger group showed an effectiveness rate of 83.87%, classified as "Very Effective" in improving students’ ability to write news texts.In conclusion, the Genially-based teaching materials are highly feasible, practical, and effective for teaching news text writing in Grade VII. This study is expected to serve as a reference and provide additional insights for future researchers.  

The main objectives of this study were to determine whether students of grade VIII of SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan could write explanatory texts using the Inquiry model, to find out whether they could write explanatory texts using the Teams Games Tournament model, and to find out how the Teams Games Tournament model affected the ability of grade VIII students in writing explanatory texts. A total of 64 students were selected from a population of 351 grade VIII students and divided into two groups: the experimental group (32 participants) and the control group (32 participants). General statements, sequences of events, conclusions, causal and chronological conjunctions, technical terminology, and nouns were some of the instruments used. After the quantitative test of the two experimental groups, data analysis techniques such as hypothesis testing, normality testing, and analysis requirements testing were applied. The calculated t value > t table (3.42423 > 2.04227), which shows that grade VIII students at SMPS Muhammadiyah 1 Medan significantly increased their capacity in writing explanatory texts during the 2023/2024 academic year, indicating that the Teams Games Tournament Model has a significant impact on the ability to write explanatory texts.

This study aims to (1) analyze the skills of class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School in compiling explanatory texts before the implementation of the RAFT strategy. (2) Analyze the skills of class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School in compiling explanatory texts after the implementation of the strategy. (3) Analyze the impact of the RAFT learning strategy on the skills of compiling explanatory texts of class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School. The population in this study were class VIII students of GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar Private Middle School, namely class I with 26 students and class II with 27 students. The method used in this study was a two-group posttest design. Analysis assumption tests, normality tests and hypothesis tests were used in data analysis. The results of the study in the control class reached an average of 69.5 and were included in the "sufficient" category. The results of the study obtained with the RAFT strategy were 86.03 and were included in the "very good" category. Through the hypothesis test, namely tituing>ttable, namely 7.109>1.67528, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the use of the RAFT strategy on the ability to write explanatory texts of Class VIII students of SMP Swasta GKPS 3 Pematangsiantar.

Behind the importance of a teacher's role in the progress of a nation comes a weighty responsibility. Teachers are expected to be able to master the skills required to make the teacher profession a professional. In Indonesia education systems has been governed the competence that a teacher must maintain his duty while linked to the implementation of a supervision, to which this writing is the answer to the problem. For research methods, researchers use descriptive qualitative methods. Interviews, observation and documentation as data collection. And the miles and hubberman technique as the data analysis technique, with procedure 1) data reduction, 3) data presentation and 4) data verification, 2) powerability and 3) dependability as far as the results of this study are 1) education supervision is the development and monitoring activities that are done to help teachers and educators improve the quality of education, 2) supervision of learning at SDN katulampa 04 times a month, 3) supervision plays an important role in making it easier for teachers to improve teaching ability and reduce barriers to learning.

"Improvement of Short Story Writing Ability Through the Personal Experience of Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar". Thesis of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Makassar Muhammadiyah University.This type of research is a Class Action Research (Class Action Research) which aims to describe the improvement of short story writing skills through the personal experience of students of class Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar and describes the process of improving the ability to write short stories through the personal experience of the MA class Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar. The instruments used in data collection were tests, observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and the data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The data in this study are in the form of tesp there are 24 students and the results of observations in the learning process.The results showed that quantitatively there was an increase in the learning outcomes of short story writing through the personal experience of 24 students, namely on the pretest results, an average score of 56.63%. In the first cycle the average score of student learning outcomes was 68.13%, while the second cycle of student learning outcomes writing short stories through personal experience was 81.74%. In the first cycle, students who finished 9 students or 46.48% and categories of incomplete were 15 students or 53.52%. While in the second cycle category there were 21 students or 89.96% and the incomplete category were 3 people or 10.04% meaning that there was an increase of 13.61%.Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the results of learning to write short stories through the personal experience of students of class XI MA Darul Istiqamah Maccopa Maros Regency can be improved through students' personal experiences.

Adolescence is a crucial period where individuals begin to build their self-identity in determining the direction of their lives, especially in grade XII students. Where this condition often causes anxiety, self-doubt, feelings of boredom, and social pressure, one important aspect that influences an individual's ability to adapt and resilience to these challenges is self-efficacy. Someone with high self-efficacy is usually more optimistic, resilient, and able to overcome challenges to achieve their goals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of expressive writing techniques in improving self-efficacy. Participants in this study were 34 students, who were divided into two groups, namely the control group and the experimental group. The experimental group was given treatment in the form of expressive writing. This study used a Quasi-Experimental research type with a Two-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Data analysis used in this study was processed using Jamovi software. While the data analysis method used was the paired test and independent sample T-Test. Based on the results of the analysis of the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group, a significant value of 0.280 (p> 0.05) was shown, which means there was no significant difference in the level of students' self-efficacy after treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that expressive writing treatment can improve students' self-efficacy.

This research aims to, (1) To determine the ability to write reviews in class XI students of SMA Negeri 8 Medan using the Conventional model, (2) To determine the ability to write reviews in class ) To determine the effect of the 5E Learning Cycle model on the ability to write reviews in class XI students at SMA Negeri 8 Medan. The population in this study were all class XI students, totaling 309 people. The sample consisted of 65 people who were divided into two classes, namely the control class with 32 people and the experimental class with 33 people. The instruments used in this research are the title, book identity, outline of the book's contents, book advantages, book weaknesses, closing review, spelling and punctuation, and neatness of writing. This research uses a two group test design experimental method using a quantitative approach. The data analysis techniques used are analysis requirements tests, normality tests, and hypothesis tests. The research results in writing reviews using the conventional model are in the fair category with an average value of 62. Meanwhile, the research results in writing reviews using the Learning Cycle 5E model are in the good category with an average value of 74. Through hypothesis testing, a t count of 18 is obtained. .05 > t table 1.66, this proves that there is a significant influence from the use of the Learning Cycle 5E model on the ability to write reviews in class XI students at SMA Negeri 8 Medan for the 2023/2024 academic year.    

This research aims to examine the influence of digital literacy on elementary school students' interest in reading and writing during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is qualitative research using the systematic literature review (SLR) method. Information is taken from the Google Scholar database for the last 5 years, viz. between 2020 and 2024 in full text format. The research results show that the Covid-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on elementary school students' education, especially in distance learning. Obstacles faced include lack of facilities, slow internet connection, and lack of direct interaction. Parents and teachers also face the challenges of costs, adapting to technology, and difficulty controlling and understanding students. However, online learning opens up opportunities for innovation and collaboration between parents, teachers and the community. Research also shows that the pandemic affects elementary school students' digital literacy and reading interest. Rahman found an increase in reading ability despite obstacles. Mirnawati identified the challenges and opportunities of online learning. Siroj noted that good digital literacy increases interest in reading. Andarini concluded that digital literacy at the UPI Serang Pilot Laboratory Elementary School was going quite well. Salsabillah revealed the negative impact of online learning on literacy and numeracy. Ayuniar highlighted the important role of teachers in teaching reading skills. Solahudin identified internal and external factors that influence students' reading interest. Anam emphasized the need for educational updates and technological support during the pandemic.

This research is motivated by the use of YouTube audio-visual media in improving the ability to write news for Indonesian language learning. Factor This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using YouTube audio-visual media in improving students' ability to write news and find out the challenges and obstacles in using YouTube audio-visual media. This research uses a qualitative-descriptive approach to collect data and information through the library study method. The results of this study show that the use of YouTube audio-visual media in learning Indonesian has great potential to improve students' news writing skills. The effectiveness of using YouTube as a learning tool can be seen from various aspects, including student involvement, increased understanding of concepts, and practical skills in writing news.

In this study explains two objectives, first describe the improvement in the process carried out and second, describe the improvement in the results of the ability to write poetry through collaborative learning model activities. This research was conducted in class X-9 SMA Negeri 21 Surabaya which amounted to 35 people. Data collection was carried out using observation sheet analysis and tests. The results of the study explain that learning by using a collaborative model can improve the skills of writing poetry in students. These skills have increased can be seen from the average score of students. In the initial condition, the average score of students got 60, in cycle I it increased to an average of 65 still below the KKM value of Indonesian language subjects, in cycle II it increased significantly to an average score of 89. Through the application of collaborative learning, it is quite significant in improving the poetry writing skills of class X students at SMA Negeri 21 Surabaya.

This research aims to describe the abilities of grade 5 students in writing persuasive texts. This research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. This research involved one of the 5th grade elementary school students. The data collection technique in this research is the assignment technique for writing persuasive texts. The data collected shows that students are quite capable of writing persuasive texts well, seen from the aspect of text structure and linguistic rules of persuasive texts that students have written, but there are still some difficulties experienced by students in writing persuasive texts so they need guidance and direction from the teacher. to overcome errors so that students can improve their abilities in writing persuasive texts.  

In today's digital era, the ability to write effective and professional academic texts has become a very important skill for students. Writing academic texts is not just about writing, but also about how to convey ideas and arguments in a clear, logical and credible way. This article will discuss several important aspects of writing academic texts, including topic selection, research, organizing ideas, and effective writing. In an era of vast and rapidly developing information, the ability to write high-quality academic texts is the key to success in study and career. Students will not only use these skills in their studies, but also in their future jobs. Therefore, it is important for students to understand and develop their writing skills from an early age. In today's digital era, the ability to write effective and professional academic texts has become a very important skill for students. Writing academic texts is not just about writing, but also about how to convey ideas and arguments in a clear, logical and credible way. This article aims to help students understand and develop their writing skills, especially in an academic context. This article will discuss several important aspects of writing academic texts, including topic selection, research, organizing ideas, and effective writing.

Mathematics is a scientific field that investigates formless structures and forms of interaction within them. Mathematical interaction is a powerful tool used to express mathematical opinions verbally or in writing. The Think-Talk-Write (TTW) learning approach is designed to facilitate the construction, reflection, and organization of new mathematical views. This study aims to explore the efficacy of using TTW learning examples as a tactic to enhance the quality of students' mathematical communication, and to assess the impact of this approach. In order to achieve these goals, researchers used classroom action research in two stages of testing. The study involved 21 students in grade VIII at SMP Parulian 1 Medan. The initial ability test revealed that the students' mathematical communication ability scores were 34.2%. After conducting test activities in cycle I, the average mathematical communication ability of students rose to 36.8%. In the second cycle (II), the percentage result increased to 88%. The results of the research demonstrate that students in Class VIII at SMP Parulian 1 Medan experience a significant improvement in their mathematical communication skills through learning via the Think-Talk-Write model. We can conclude that this approach is an effective way to enhance students' mathematical communication skills.