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Background: Malaria transmission in Indonesia exhibits substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity, particularly between stable endemic areas and remote outbreak-prone areas. Although routine surveillance is crucial for malaria control and elimination efforts, its limitations can obscure early warning signals, particularly in geographically isolated areas. Objective: This study aimed to analyze malaria epidemiology by integrating routine surveillance data from endemic primary health care settings with results from high-mortality outbreak investigations in remote highland districts in Indonesia, focusing on temporal trends, spatial clustering, Plasmodium species patterns, diagnostic gaps, and mortality. Methods: A mixed epidemiology approach was used. A retrospective longitudinal analysis of routine malaria surveillance data was conducted for the period 2023–2025 in endemic settings, while a cross-sectoral outbreak investigation was conducted in remote highland districts. Descriptive analyses were conducted to assess trends, demographic characteristics, species distribution, spatial heterogeneity, case detection methods, and outbreak-related mortality. Results: Routine surveillance data revealed fluctuations in malaria transmission, with a significant decline in cases in 2024 followed by a sharp increase in 2025. Conversely, outbreak investigations documented high case fatality rates, particularly affecting children and older adults, caused by delayed diagnosis, limited diagnostic capacity, and limited access to timely treatment. Conclusions: These results highlight the dynamic and context-dependent nature of malaria epidemiology in Indonesia. Integrating routine surveillance with outbreak investigations provides a comprehensive understanding of endemic trends and systemic vulnerabilities. Strengthening adaptive surveillance, improving diagnostic capacity, and implementing spatially targeted interventions are crucial for preventing outbreaks and reducing malaria-related mortality, particularly in remote and high-risk areas.

The fisheries sector plays a strategic role in Indonesia's national economic development due to its significant contribution to meeting food needs, creating jobs, and earning foreign exchange. However, this sector still faces various serious challenges, such as Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing practices, excessive exploitation of marine resources, degradation of aquatic ecosystems, and weak compliance with applicable legal provisions. These problems not only impact the sustainability of fisheries resources but also threaten the economic sustainability of coastal communities. This study aims to analyze the government's role in overseeing the fisheries sector in Indonesia, which includes regulatory and institutional aspects, and the implementation of supervision in the field. The research method used is a normative juridical approach through a review of relevant laws and regulations, including Law Number 31 of 2004 concerning Fisheries as amended by Law Number 45 of 2009, and other derivative regulations. The analysis also considers the role of supervisory institutions such as the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL), and law enforcement officials in preventing and prosecuting violations in this sector. The research findings indicate that the government plays a strategic role in establishing policies, establishing oversight institutions, providing monitoring facilities and infrastructure, and taking legal action against violators. However, oversight effectiveness is still suboptimal due to limited human resources, monitoring technology, inter-agency coordination, and low legal awareness among fisheries business actors. Therefore, strengthening an integrated oversight system, increasing the capacity of officials, utilizing information and satellite technology, and consistent law enforcement are necessary. These steps are expected to ensure sustainable management of Indonesia's fisheries sector, protect marine resources, and support national economic growth.

The corruption that occurred at PT Pertamina reflects the weak integrity of public officials and the inadequacy of internal oversight systems. The positive legal approach has proven ineffective in addressing corruption in practice. Therefore, this study departs from the need for an alternative approach based on Islamic political values such as trustworthiness (amanah), justice, and supervision in addressing corruption within state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method. Data were collected from academic journals, official reports by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK), as well as credible media sources. The data were analyzed by categorizing them according to the principles of trustworthiness, justice, and supervision, and then interpreted through the framework of Islamic political thought to deeply understand the root causes of corruption. Corruption in PT Pertamina involves power protection, budget manipulation, and procurement fraud. Violations of trust, injustice in resource distribution, and weak supervision indicate the absence of Islamic principles in corporate governance. Ethical and spiritual values have not yet been internalized within the bureaucratic system and organizational culture of SOEs. This study concludes that corruption in PT Pertamina is a result of the loss of trust, the breakdown of justice, and weak oversight. An Islamic political approach that emphasizes ethics and spiritual responsibility is highly relevant to be applied. These values can help form a just and transparent governance system and rebuild public trust in SOEs.

The phenomenon of default on insurance policy claims is quite rampant in Indonesia, for example what happened to PT Jiwasraya and AJB Bumiputera 1912 so that the implementation of the supervisory function by the Financial Services Authority is questioned. This research aims to find out how the challenges of the Financial Services Authority in implementing the supervisory function of insurance institutions. This research uses normative legal research with literature study. The results of this study indicate that the Financial Services Authority implements its supervisory function using the risk-based supervision (RBS) method and faces challenges in implementing its supervisory function, namely: limited data, human resources, and budget; the complexity of financial institutions; changes in organizational culture within the Financial Services Authority and insurance institutions; and lack of financial literacy among the public.

Pemindahan hak atas tanah secara melawan hukum merupakan permasalahan yang sering terjadi dalam praktik pertanahan di Indonesia, yang dapat mengancam kepastian hukum dan keadilan bagi pemilik tanah yang sah. Tindakan pemindahan hak atas tanah secara melawan hukum bisa dilakukan melalui berbagai cara, seperti pemalsuan dokumen, penipuan, penyalahgunaan wewenang, atau pengambilalihan tanah secara paksa tanpa prosedur yang sah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek perlindungan hukum terhadap hak atas tanah dalam pemindahan hak secara melawan hukum, serta mencari solusi untuk memperbaiki sistem perlindungan hukum di bidang pertanahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif, dengan mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan, literatur hukum, dan teori-teori hukum yang relevan untuk melihat perlindungan hukum yang ada dalam sistem pertanahan Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun ada sejumlah aturan hukum yang mengatur perlindungan hak atas tanah, praktik pemindahan hak secara melawan hukum masih sering terjadi karena lemahnya pengawasan, penyalahgunaan wewenang, dan kurangnya pemahaman hukum di kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini berdampak pada terjadinya sengketa pertanahan yang tidak hanya merugikan pihak yang sah, tetapi juga merusak kepercayaan publik terhadap sistem hukum. Sebagai solusi, penelitian ini menyarankan beberapa langkah, antara lain: (1) peningkatan sistem administrasi pertanahan dengan penggunaan teknologi informasi yang lebih baik untuk mencegah pemalsuan dokumen, (2) penguatan penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku pemindahan hak atas tanah secara melawan hukum, (3) peningkatan edukasi dan penyuluhan hukum kepada masyarakat terkait hak-hak atas tanah, serta (4) penyediaan bantuan hukum bagi kelompok rentan yang menjadi korban pemindahan hak tanah secara ilegal. Dengan demikian, diharapkan perlindungan hukum terhadap hak atas tanah dapat lebih efektif dan memberi kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat.

Researchers will discuss the problems found in the implementation of educational supervision in schools/madrasas. Educational supervision is an educational management process that aims to improve the quality of education through supervision, direction, and guidance of teachers or educators. Academic supervision is one of the scopes of educational supervision that aims to assist teachers in improving the quality of academic activities, both inside and outside the classroom. Researchers identified several problems faced by educational supervisors, such as the complexity of the principal's managerial tasks, the lack of preparation of the supervised teachers, the high element of subjectivity, the frequent changes of principals, the lack of teacher discipline, and the lack of teacher knowledge about managing an effective teaching and learning process. In addition, the quality of teachers in carrying out teaching tasks is also a challenge, as teachers often face difficulties in incorporating new innovations into learning. Researchers emphasize the importance of educational supervision in improving teacher performance and ultimately impacting on student learning outcomes. Therefore, efforts are needed to overcome the problems faced in implementing educational supervision, so as to improve teacher professionalism and the overall quality of education. 

This study aims to: 1), Know the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency), Know about - factors that affect the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and the obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency. To achieve this goal, researchers use data collection techniques through, observation, interviews, and documentation or literature studies. The data obtained from the results of the study were processed using qualitative analysis to find out about the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency and Know about- what factors influence implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles in Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency. The results of this study show that: 1. the implementation of the supervisory function of the Village Consultative Body and its obstacles In Tana Rara Village, Loli District, West Sumba Regency has not been fully carried out optimally because of the existence of people who are pro and con to every decision made, Regarding the implementation of the supervisory function carried out has been carried out properly so as to minimize the occurrence of deviations from the implementation of Village Regulations and APBDes. 2. factors that affect the implementation of BPD's supervisory function are affectedby 2 (two) factors, namely internal factors which include community support/participation in BPD, and good cooperative relations between BPD and Village Government. While the second factor is external factors which include the lack of benefits provided to BPD members, facilities and infrastructure, lack of human resources who fill BPD membership and the existence of communities that are pro and con to every decision made.

Protection and supervision of the law from the perspective of human rights is something that must be realized in the justice and welfare of every individual. The existence of legal protection for this right aims to refer to a mechanism and procedure that has been provided by the state to ensure that this right can be respected and monitored. Supervision of the law, if seen on the other hand, includes several efforts to ensure that the law can be implemented as fairly as possible, without discrimination or abuse. This right to humans has the aim of protecting the dignity possessed by every human being, this right can guarantee that every person needs to be respected and their nature cannot be contested.

This research was written and packaged to provide information related to mass communication. This article links mass communication to political policy.  Mass communication can be used as a medium to monitor policies made by the government.  Basically, Indonesia is a democratic country and the people's prosperity will be prioritized.  Therefore, to follow up on unfair policies carried out by the government, a forum is needed to be able to correct this.  This article will discuss how mass communication can fulfill the function of monitoring political policies.  Political policies will also be described in this article, accompanied by an examination of policies that are not appropriate by society.  The mass communication model will determine the direction of how this mass communication will run.  Mass communication will definitely have the effect of building public awareness and correction towards the government.

This research explores the supervision and law enforcement concerning digital businesses. The rapid growth of digital businesses has significantly impacted the global economy, while simultaneously posing various legal challenges. This study aims to analyze the role and effectiveness of supervision and law enforcement on digital business actors in ensuring compliance with applicable regulations. The research methodology employs a qualitative approach, involving literature review, analysis of relevant legal regulations, and case studies on the implementation of supervision and law enforcement on digital businesses in various countries. The findings highlight the legal challenges faced by governments and supervisory bodies in coping with the developments in the digital business landscape. The study also evaluates various strategies that can be employed to enhance the effectiveness of supervision and law enforcement on digital businesses, including cross-sectoral collaboration, the utilization of information technology, and the development of regulations that are responsive to the dynamics of digital businesses. The implications of the research findings are expected to provide a more comprehensive insight into addressing the legal challenges emerging alongside the evolution of digital businesses in the era of globalization.

Bandara Tjilik Riwut Palangka Raya merupakan bandara tempat dilaksanakan penelitian ini. Sisi udara merupakan bagian vital yang harus terus mendapatkan pengawasan untuk setiap pergerakan kendaraan yang beroperasi di sisi udara agar berjalan dengan lancar untuk meningkatkan keselamatan penerbangan. Pengawasan ini merupakan tugas dari petugas Apron Movement Control (AMC). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui unit Apron Movement Control dalam pengawasan pergerakan kendaraan di sisi udara, serta pelanggaran apa yang sering terjadi dan sanksi apa yang diberikan terhadap pelanggaran pengguna kendaraan di sisi udara, dan kendala yang pernah dihadapi dalam melakukan tugas pengawasan pergerakan kendaraan di sisi udara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kualitatif dikarenakan peneliti melakukan observasi secara langsung. Dimana peneliti ini meneliti analisis peran unit Apron Movement Control Dalam Pengawasan Pergerakan Kendaraan Di Sisi Udara Untuk Meningkatkan Keselamatan Penerbangan Di Bandar Udara Tjilik Riwut Palangka Raya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dengan tiga marasumber petugas Apron Movement Control dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa dalam melaksanakan tugas pengawasan terhadap pergerakan kendaraan di sisi udara untuk meningkatkan keselamatan penerbangan oleh petugas AMC sudah cukup baik, dengan mengikuti SOP yang sudah ditetapkan serta melakukan peneguran dan penindakan tegas bagi setiap pengguna kendaraan yang beroperasi di sisi udara yang melanggar aturan. Namun dalam hal ini tidak adanya CCTV yang mengarah langsung ke sisi udara sehingga dapat di pantau langsung dari ruangan AMC untuk melihat pergerakan kendaraan di sisi udara secara langsung masih menjadi kendala yang sampai saat ini masih dihadapi oleh petugas AMC.

The purpose of this study was to find out and analyze the effect of compensation, supervision and employee performance on Banjar Waterpark regional companies. The research method used was a survey method with a quantitative approach, the sample of this study was 40 respondents who took a questionnaire. Sampling used saturated sampling technique and the method of analysis used was multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25 software. Based on the research results, the variables of compensation, supervision and employee performance are included in the good classification. The test results show that compensation partially has a significant effect on performance and supervision partially has a significant effect on performance. Simultaneously compensation and supervision have a significant effect on employee performance at Banjar Waterpark Regional Company.  

This research is based on the desire to analyze the role of supervisory management in dealing with waqf management problems. The analysis tool is a qualitative method used by the author, namely to fill in the data or information collected with the final result in the form of writing. This method is used to describe and explain management strategies for dealing with waqf problems through gathering information and studying documents, such as e-books, journal articles, and papers. The ideas that will be put forward highlight: first, the concept of waqf; second, the legal basis of waqf; third, the waqf supervisory management function; fourth, productive waqf and its management in Indonesia.The research results conclude that basically, the problem of supervision is something that is absolutely necessary. For hundreds of years, waqf in Indonesia has not received serious supervision. As a result, quite a lot of waqf assets were neglected and some of the waqf assets were even lost. The waqf supervision process is part of waqf management. The management function includes 4 things, namely: planning, organizing, actuating and controlling.

Kuantan Singingi Regency is one of the regencies in Riau Province which is growing rapidly in recent years, one of which is in the field of oil palm plantations. However, due to the rapid establishment of oil palm companies, it causes a lot of palm oil waste disposal caused by the disposal of these companies. The purpose of this study was to determine the supervision of palm oil waste by the Environmental Service of Kuantan Singingi Regency (Case Study: Sungai Bawang Pollution). Then to find out the inhibiting factors in the implementation of waste control in the Bawang River, Singingi Hilir District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. The monitoring activities that have been carried out are the activities of controlling palm oil waste with a percentage exceeding the quality standard, the activities carried out by the Environmental Service are not yet maximal so that violations pass the quality standards, and the lack of firmness in giving sanctions to companies is a phenomenon found. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive case study approach. The collection of data obtained, both primary data and secondary data were collected through interviews, observations and documentation and then analyzed so that conclusions can be drawn from existing research problems. The results of this study found that the supervision of the environmental service in the supervision of palm oil waste has not been carried out optimally, this is caused by several inhibiting factors, namely the ability of human resources, funds and infrastructure and company behavior

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji upaya perlindungan konsumen dari segi pengawasan pemerintah dalam kasus minyak goreng curah dengan logo halal palsu di Banten. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendakatan perundang-undangan dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa masyarakat, lembaga perlindungan konsumen swadaya masyarakat dan pemerintah berperan secara bersamaan dalam melakukan pengawasan terhadap produk yang beredar di pasaran dalam kasus minyak goreng curah dengan logo halal palsu, sesuai dengan amanat UUD 1945 serta Undang-undang No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen bahwa tujuan pengawasan ini dilakukan untuk melindungi segenap bangsa dalam hal ini konsumen dalam upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan. Dilakukan penindakan sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku oleh kepolisian agar memberikan efek jera bagi pelaku usaha.  

.Penyalahgunaan zat terkait aborsi adalah masalah utama dengan risiko kesehatan dan etika. Praktek ini melibatkan penggunaan obat-obatan yang tidak diatur dan dilakukan tanpa pengawasan medis yang ketat. Fokus utama artikel ini adalah pada penyalahgunaan obat-obatan yang digunakan sebagai alat aborsi. Artikel ini menyajikan ketentuan hukum penyalahgunaan narkoba sebagai sarana aborsi dari perspektif hukum pidana Indonesia dan Islam. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana hukum pidana Indonesia dan Islam memperlakukan penyalahgunaan narkoba sebagai sarana untuk mengakhiri kehamilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Artinya, penulis tidak menggunakan satu sampel pun. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode kepustakaan dan penulis mengidentifikasi secara sistematis sumber-sumber yang terkait dengan objek. Setelah menerima data, penulis menganalisis data peraturan hukum yang diperoleh pada subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa menurut hukum pidana Indonesia dan hukum pidana Islam, penyalahgunaan zat dalam aborsi membawa hukuman yang berbeda untuk dokter, pelaku aborsi dan pelaku aborsi. Hukuman terberat menurut hukum pidana Indonesia adalah penjara dan denda sebesar Rp. 1 miliar bagi pelaku tindak pidana yang dikenai hukuman Ta’zir menurut hukum pidana Islam

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi penyalahgunaan narkoba di lingkungan lapas, Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah wawancara, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penyalahgunaan narkoba di lingkungan Lapas adalah faktor internal, seperti adanya kecenderungan untuk mencoba-coba narkoba sebelum masuk penjara, dan faktor eksternal, seperti mudahnya mendapatkan narkoba di dalam Lapas dan adanya tekanan dari sesama narapidana. Selain itu, faktor lingkungan seperti kondisi kelebihan kapasitas Lapas dan kurangnya pengawasan oleh petugas Lapas juga mempengaruhi penyalahgunaan narkoba di lingkungan Lapas. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi bagi pihak Lapas untuk meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap penghuni Lapas, termasuk pencegahan masuknya narkoba ke dalam Lapas dan memberikan pendampingan serta rehabilitasi bagi penghuni Lapas yang sudah terjerat penyalahgunaan narkoba. Selain itu, diperlukan peningkatan kapasitas Lapas sehingga dapat menampung jumlah narapidana sesuai dengan kapasitasnya, serta peningkatan kualitas pengawasan dan pelayanan petugas Lapas.

The practice of the Nominee Agreement, which involves an agreement between the legal shareholder and the beneficiary, is often the method used for shareholding in limited liability companies, especially Joint Ventures. In this agreement, the registered shareholder (nominee) is the shareholder, while the beneficiary is the party who actually controls and receives direct benefits from the company. Even though this practice is expressly prohibited in foreign investment in Indonesia, especially based on Article 48 UUPM, and the agreement can be canceled by law because it does not meet the requirements of a legal cause in accordance with Article 1338 Paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, the use of nominee shareholders has not been prohibited explicitly by the government. Therefore, this can be considered as an attempt to circumvent the law or an act of legal manipulation. The type of research used in this study is empirical research, which includes research on legal identification and research on legal effectiveness.

The purpose of this study was to find out about the effect of facilities, service quality, and location on service user satisfaction at the Customs and Excise Service Office of the Middle Type Tanjung Emas Semarang. The population used is all service users of the Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office (KPPBC) of the Tanjung Emas Middle Type Customs Office, Semarang. which amounted to infinity. Determination of this sample using accidental sampling technique. The number of samples used in this study were 40 service users. This research data analysis tool uses multiple linear regression. The results of the study show that facilities have a positive effect on service user satisfaction. This is indicated by the calculated t value that is greater than t table, namely 3.092> 1.688, with a sig. of 0.000 <0.05 (significant). Service quality has a positive effect on service user satisfaction. This is with a calculated t value of 3.913 > 1.688, with a sig. of 0.000 <0.05 (significant). Location has a positive effect on service user satisfaction. This is indicated by the t-value which is negative, namely 7.396> 1.688, with a sig. of 0.000 <0.05 (significant).  

The democratic party in the State of Indonesia is realized through the General Election mechanism, which is carried out at various levels from the village to the district. Democracy is often interpreted as the people, by the people, and for the people, or more clearly, the term democracy is the overall highest power in the hands of the people. This type of research is a descriptive research and qualitative research approach. This research was conducted in Kalianget District, Sumenep Regency. There are three strategies for preventing crime violations, the first is Primary Crime Prevention, the second is Secondary Crime Prevention, and the third is Tertiary Crime Prevention. Of the three concepts, the Primary Prevention Strategy is more effective in conducting political socialization. This strategy aims to increase public awareness and knowledge through political socialization so that money politics in society does not occur during the General Election process in Kalianget District.