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This study aims to analyse the interaction between ethno STEM based thematic learning and conventional learning with early mathematical abilities in improving students' numerical literacy. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. Data collection was carried out through a numerical literacy test. Methods of data analysis using two-way variance analysis using a general linear model univariate analysis. The research subjects were fifth grade elementary school students in Tuban Regency, East Java Province. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling technique, taking into account the homogeneity of students' early mathematical abilities in both classes. Homogeneity is determined by giving pre-tests to students. The research sample consisted of 48 students, which were divided into two classes. The results showed that there was no interaction between conventional and ethno-STEM based thematic learning with the categories of students' initial abilities on students' numerical literacy. However, for each level of students' early mathematical ability, the increase in numerical literacy of students who received learning with an ethno-STEM approach was higher than students who received conventional learning.

Formal words are words which follow the language rules that have been determined in formal situations both in oral and written. The purpose of this study is to improve the ability of primary school students in distinguishing formal words. The method used is SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) in waterfall model. The result of this study is the design of a scratch-based game design of KaKu  to improve students’ ability to distinguish formal words at primary school has code blocks on 1) Teacher’s sprite, 2) Easy quiz, 3) Medium quiz, 4) Hard quiz, 5) Tick sprite, 6) Cross sprite, 7) Easy sprite, 8) Medium sprite, and 9) Hard sprite. The conclusion of this study is that there are 9 scratch-based game designs of KaKu (formal words) to improve students’ ability to distinguish formal words at primary school.

Foreign language learning anxiety is a prevalent emotional phenomenon among English major students that significantly impacts their learning effectiveness and motivation. This study comprehensively examines the definition, classification, causes, and complex effects of foreign language learning anxiety from a theoretical perspective. Through analyzing the interplay of personal factors (such as self-esteem, learning styles, learning motivation) and environmental factors (such as teaching methods, classroom atmosphere, test pressure, cultural differences), it reveals the multidimensional nature of foreign language learning anxiety. The research indicates that this anxiety not only reduces learners' motivation and efficiency but also interferes with their cognitive processes, affects the development of speaking and listening skills, and even negatively impacts their physical and mental health. To address this issue, based on the Affective Filter Hypothesis, Humanistic Psychology, Constructivist Learning Theory, and Social Interaction Theory, this study proposes educational intervention strategies, including optimizing curriculum design, improving teaching evaluation systems, establishing psychological counseling mechanisms, and strengthening the emotional support function of teachers. These strategies aim to create a positive, interactive learning environment to help students overcome anxiety and enhance learning outcomes.

The This study aims to explore the implementation of online learning of Teaching Skills and Microteaching courses, focusing on three main aspects: preparation, implementation, and evaluation of learning. This study also considers the challenges that arise due to student involvement in the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program, which often affects the consistency of their participation in regular learning. This study was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study design. The results showed that online learning was quite effective in conveying teaching skills theory through digital materials and asynchronous activities. However, teaching practice simulations faced several limitations, such as the difficulty of observing non-verbal elements, classroom management, and spontaneous responses of students during online simulations. Technical constraints, especially unstable internet connections, were also major obstacles in implementing learning. In addition, students involved in MBKM reported difficulties in dividing time between program assignments and regular course preparation, which impacted their participation and engagement.

This research is a quantitative descriptive study with an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out in two ways, quantitative data was analyzed by non-parametric statistics and qualitative data was classified through coding. The population and sample of this study were all 12 teachers. The results showed that (1) all teachers at SDN Kepanjen 01 Kepanjen District, Malang Regency carried out WFH according to the Government Circular Letter, namely the learning planning stage: using it for making lesson plans and discussing with fellow teachers; stages of the learning process: using google forms and WA for student attendance, zoom for delivering material, WA for giving and collecting assignments, youtube and the web for learning media; and the learning evaluation stage: using google forms for PH or PTS and gadgets to correct student evaluation results. (2) The implementation of WFH at SDN Kepanjen 01 encountered various obstacles. (3) Obstacles during WFH are categorized into obstacles in gadgets, internet, material understanding, finance, communication, and level of focus. (4) The solution to the problems experienced is adjusted to the situation and condition of teachers and students' families at SDN Kepanjen 01 so that WFH and BDR can still run optimally. (5) WFH has a positive impact, namely creating a feeling of security because it avoids the spread of covid-19, has more free time, is free to determine work schedules, and automatically reduces transportation costs. While the negative impact is that teachers experience boredom, reduced interaction with colleagues, lowers the quality of performance results, and is addicted to social media. The researcher's suggestions for teachers are that teachers should (1) implement whatever policies have been set by the Principal with full responsibility and enthusiasm; (2) discuss all the obstacles that arise during WFH with the Principal and fellow teachers in order to obtain the most appropriate solution; (3) always teach students to apply health protocols at home; and (4) although WFH has a negative impact, teachers must be able to overcome it in various ways so as not to affect the quality of learning for students.

This study examines the effectiveness of hybrid learning for RPL (Recognition of Prior Learning) students at Panca Marga University. Hybrid learning, which combines face-to-face and online instruction, addresses scheduling challenges faced by working students. Using a quantitative approach and survey methods, the study evaluates the impact of hybrid learning on learning flexibility, engagement, and academic outcomes. Results show that hybrid learning enhances flexibility, allows students to balance work and study, and improves learning outcomes by 15% compared to conventional methods. However, challenges such as internet dependence and digital fatigue remain significant. The study highlights the need for technological infrastructure and faculty training to optimize hybrid learning implementation.  

This study aims to review the role of emotional intelligence in facilitating first-year university students' adjustment. The transition from high school to college often presents significant psychological, academic, and social challenges. Based on 50 recent academic sources, it was found that students with high emotional intelligence are better able to recognize and regulate emotions, build healthy social relationships, and handle academic pressure adaptively. This study uses a systematic literature review approach with descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that emotional intelligence significantly supports student adjustment success. Therefore, emotional intelligence-based interventions should be considered in university orientation programs.  

This study developed a Discovery Learning model with a Meaningful Learning approach to improve students' critical thinking skills in Economics at SMAN 2 Tulang Bawang Udik. The study used the ADDIE model and produced a conceptual model, lesson plans, student worksheets, and HOTS assessment instruments. Expert validation results showed that the products were feasible, practicality tests obtained a very practical category, and effectiveness tests with a Nonequivalent Control Group design showed that the critical thinking of students in the experimental class was higher than that of the control class. These results confirm that this learning model is feasible, practical, and effective, and can be a guide for teachers for active, contextual, and high-level thinking skills-oriented learning. Additionally, the integration of Discovery Learning and Meaningful Learning provides a structured and student-centered learning process that encourages learners to construct knowledge independently while connecting concepts to real-life contexts. The resulting learning tools also support teachers in implementing systematic instruction that fosters student engagement and deeper understanding. Overall, the developed model contributes to improving instructional quality in Economics education and offers an innovative alternative for enhancing students’ cognitive abilities, particularly in critical thinking.

This study aims to analyze the efficiency of the curriculum of Islamic universities in Indonesia in ensuring the readiness of students to enter the workforce, by reviewing the role of Islamic religious education in improving intellectual competence. Through a literature study approach, this study identifies the challenges and opportunities faced by Islamic universities in integrating religious values ​​with the intellectual and professional needs of students. The main focus of this study is the effectiveness of the curriculum in balancing theoretical aspects of religion and practical skills needed in the workplace. This study found that the curriculum of Islamic universities in Indonesia has attempted to adopt an integrative approach that combines religious education with the development of soft skills and hard skills that are relevant to professional careers. However, there are still some weaknesses in the implementation, such as the lack of curriculum adjustment to the dynamics of the labor market, as well as the imbalance between religious education and practical skills. The results of this study indicate that Islamic religious education has an important role in shaping the character and professional ethics of students, which are the main capital in entering the workforce. Therefore, increasing the efficiency of the curriculum through collaboration between academics, industry practitioners, and policy makers is needed to ensure that students' intellectuality is in accordance with the demands of the workplace. This study contributes to the academic discussion on the reform of Islamic higher education curriculum and emphasizes the importance of Islamic religious education in producing graduates who are not only intellectually competent, but also have strong ethical values ​​to face professional challenges. The implication of this study is the need for a more flexible and adaptive curriculum strategy to improve the competitiveness of Islamic higher education graduates in the global job market.

This analysis discussed the Taboo Words Used in Murder Mystery 2 Movie. The objectives of this study are to identify and describe the types and the functions of taboo words used in Murder Mystery 2 movie and to determine the most frequently used categories of the types and the functions of taboo words. Data were collected using note-taking and observation techniques. Mix method is used to categorize the types and functions of taboo words and determine their frequency. The results of discussion found seven types of taboo words with 175 occurrences taboo words. The most frequently used type is religious taboo (57.1%), predominantly involving the use of the word “god” with 82 occurrences, followed by scatological references and disgusting objects (21.1%), insulting references to perceived psychological, physical, and social deviations (11.4%), offensive slang (5.7%), sexual references (2.2%), animal names (1.7%), and ancestral allusions (0.5%). There are three functions of taboo words identified with 177 occurrences. The main function is to achieve personal outcomes (71.8%), primarily to intensify negative emotions, with 91 occurrences, followed by intensifying positive emotions and catharsis, each with 18 occurrences. Other functions include achieving interpersonal outcomes (17.5%), inconsequential outcomes (9.6%), and literal or denotative use (1.1%).

The Indonesian Islamic educational system is critical to shaping students' moral and intellectual development. Efficient administration is essential for improving educational outcomes, fostering a pleasant learning environment, and sustaining Islamic principles. As a result, the primary goal of this study is to assess the efficiency of the Islamic management system in Islamic schools by gathering information from the management teams of the selected schools. The study used a qualitative research design to collect important information from the target audience. The study's findings show the need of excellent administration in improving Islamic curricula in Indonesian educational institutions. A complete plan that blends creative teaching methods with efficient administration is required to foster a strong and vibrant learning environment. However, the results have limited generalisability to other ethnic or educational backgrounds because they are unique to Indonesia's Islamic schooling system.

Teachers are the pillars of the development of society's building blocks, i.e., the students; therefore, for the effective and constructive nourishment of the students, the performance of the teachers must be excellent with the support of external elements. To empirically analyse teachers' performance, this study employed a quantitative research technique, elucidating the influence of school environment, character development, and school administration on teachers' performance levels through the mediation of the efficacy component of individual personality. The study targeted high school teachers in Indonesia, collected data purposefully using a survey instrument, and used a total of 227 legitimate and effective responses to compile the results. The research found substantial results for all direct interactions, and mediation was recommended for the school climate and teacher performance. The study added a fresh piece of evidence to the literature by shedding light on the impact of external environmental elements at the school level on teachers' performance.

This study aims to examine the relationship between intrinsic learning motivation and academic achievement among high school students. The importance of this study lies in understanding how internal factors such as interest, curiosity, and self-determination can influence students' academic outcomes. Using a quantitative method, the study surveyed 120 students from various high schools in Semarang. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic performance. These findings suggest the importance of nurturing intrinsic motivation as a pathway to improving academic outcomes.  

In carrying out economic development in Indonesia, it has an impact on the rampant environmental damage which means the rampant environmental crimes that occur in Indonesia. Basically, these development activities contain the risk of environmental pollution and damage. Lack of supervision of environmental management permits by authorized agencies, law enforcement officers who are less than optimal in enforcing environmental law and weak criminal sanctions and compensation applied to business actors who violate, cause a lack of deterrent effect on business actors who violate. In addition, the desire of business actors who only prioritize profit and do not care about environmental recovery by ignoring the management of solid waste of Hazardous and Toxic Materials (B3) which can have a fatal impact on the environment. Management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) in Indonesia is guided by Government Regulation Number 101 of 2014 concerning Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste (B3) and Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. B3 waste is a waste or waste whose nature and concentration contain toxic and hazardous substances so that directly or indirectly it can damage the environment, disrupt health, and threaten the survival of humans and other organisms. B3 waste is not only produced from industrial activities but household activities can produce several types of this waste. The method used is normative legal research by examining the regulations and laws that regulate it. This study aims to determine the relationship between positive legal regulations and the problem of B3 waste and how to overcome this B3 waste so that the environment is maintained.    

This research investigates students’ perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a tool for learning English at MTsN 4 North Aceh. Quantitative descriptive method was employed in this study that involving 40 students as participants. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to assess students’ attitudes towards AI in relation to motivation, and skill development (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). The results indicate that most students perceive AI positively, appreciating its ability to enhance their understanding of English materials, increase motivation, and provide real-time feedback. Many students highlighted that AI tools offered interactive and flexible learning opportunities. Overall, artificial intelligence (AI) is not seen as a replacement for conventional teaching, even though it is a useful tool for learning English. The best strategy could be to combine AI with human instruction, maintaining a balance between the flexibility and immediate feedback that AI offers and the individualized help that teachers can provide.

This study aims to analyze the influence of technology-based learning on student engagement and achievement in the digital era. The development of information and communication technology has changed the way of learning and teaching, so that universities are required to adopt new approaches that are more in line with the needs of students in the digital era. This study uses a quantitative method with a survey design to collect data from 200 students involved in the technology-based learning process in various study programs. The instruments used include a questionnaire to measure the level of student engagement and analysis of academic results to assess their achievements. The results of the study indicate that technology-based learning significantly increases student engagement, both in terms of active participation in class and interaction with fellow students and lecturers. In addition, the use of technology in learning also contributes positively to improving student academic achievement. These findings indicate that technology integration in higher education can be an effective strategy to encourage deeper engagement and better achievement among students. This study recommends a broader and more strategic implementation of technology-based learning to improve the quality of education in the digital era.

This research aims to detect grammatical errors in the undergraduate thesis of students of the Department of Arabic Language Education at Sultan Sharif Qasim Islamic State University Riau in 2017. The design of this research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data collection tools are the official documents method. In this research, the researcher analyzed the grammatical errors in the university thesis, where the researcher went through three stages, namely: 1- Recognizing the error, the researcher looked at the texts of the supplementary research written in Arabic for students of the Department of Arabic Language Education at Sultan Sharif Qasim Islamic State University in 2017, and identified the errors in which the students deviated from the grammatical rules. 2 - Correcting the error, the researcher clarified what is correct 3 - Clarifying the error, the researcher clarified what are the correct rules in the Arabic language. The results of this research are: The grammatical errors made by the students of the Department of Arabic Language Education at Sultan Sharif Qasim Islamic State University, Riau, in writing the supplementary research are many, including those related to the section of marfu’at, manshubat, majrurat, majzumat, asma` ma’rifah, tawabi’ and murakkabat. The researcher found forty-nine errors in the section of tawabi’ (na’at haqiqy) and forty errors in the section of murakkabat (tarkib idhafah). The least number of errors were found in the section of majrurat and majzumat.    

This study aims to examine the latest developments in the application of machine learning, software, applications, and websites in language teaching. With the advancement of technology, language learning is increasingly facilitated by the use of digital tools that utilize artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to improve the learning experience in an adaptive and interactive manner. The study reviewed a variety of platforms that use this technology, including key features that support personalization, automated feedback, and student performance assessments. In addition, this study discusses the effectiveness of the technology in supporting independent and formal learning in the classroom, including implementation challenges in various educational settings. It was found that although this technology provides a great opportunity in accelerating language learning, there are some limitations, such as limited access in regions with low digital infrastructure, as well as lack of integration with relevant cultural and social contexts in language learning. This study concludes that machine learning-based technology in language teaching has great potential, but further research is needed to optimize its application in various educational contexts.    

The rapid transformations that are taking place today and due to multiple factors, including modern technological development and intense competition between sports institutions at the local and global levels with the aim of controlling the sports market and achieving superiority, have put marketing representatives in difficult situations, and increasing pressure due to the demand of administrative officials in the field of sales to increase their sales and profits on the one hand, and on the other hand, the demand of sports consumers to satisfy their multiple and different needs and desires, in addition to the presence of competitors for the sports institution produced locally and globally. With high quality standards, the sports marketing job will face great and difficult challenges. The research aimed to identify the relationship between competitive marketing and social persuasion among a sample of sales representatives of sports teams in Iraq, whose number of representatives was (60) delegates randomly selected from the total community. The descriptive approach was used in the relational method of the relationship. Competitive marketing and social persuasion measures were distributed to the sample with the need to confirm the answer as an alternative, and once the answer was completed, the questionnaires were collected, audited and processed statistically using appropriate statistical means. The researcher found that: sales representatives are characterized by competitive marketing and have the ability to convince the social consumer of sports, the possession of representatives to a degree of competitive vigilance in marketing has a positive ethical relationship with their ability to convince the sports consumer socially. Therefore, the researcher recommends when choosing sales representatives the need to distinguish competitive marketing due to their role in convincing the consumer to buy.

Efforts to improve educational quality include various policy measures and programs, such as increasing educational access, improving curricula, and enhancing the quality of teachers and lecturers.The aim of this study is to determine the extent of the influence of emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence on the performance of lecturers at Institut Nalanda. The methodology used is quantitative with multiple regression analysis, involving a population of 34 respondents and a sample size of 34 lecturers from Institut Nalanda. The results of this study indicate that emotional intelligence has an impact of 61.6% on lecturer performance; spiritual intelligence is shown to contribute 64.9% to lecturer performance; and both emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence together have an impact of 61.6% on lecturer performance.