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Linguistics plays a crucial role in studying and understanding the structure of language, including in the context of Arabic. The Arabic language, with its complex system of morphology, syntax, and phonology, requires an in-depth linguistic approach to analyze its grammatical structure. This study aims to explore how linguistic theories, such as phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics, contribute to understanding the basic structure of Arabic. Through linguistic approaches, a clearer and more structured understanding of sentence structure, word patterns, and the relationships between language elements can be achieved. This paper also discusses the challenges faced in applying linguistic theories to Arabic, as well as the importance of a linguistic approach in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. The findings of this study are expected to provide broader insights into the role of linguistics in learning and teaching Arabic more effectively and systematically. 

Bilingualism has been widely studied for its cognitive and social benefits. This article explores how bilingualism enhances cognitive flexibility, problem-solving skills, and cross-cultural communication abilities. Using findings from linguistic and sociocultural psychology studies, this research highlights the advantages of bilingualism in promoting intercultural understanding and adaptability in multilingual societies. It concludes that bilingual education plays an important role in global communication.

The purpose of this study is to look at the morphology of affixation on vocabulary in Almaira's noveltoon ‘Behind Aisha's Veil’, especially in the third chapter with the theme ‘Love?’. The method used is qualitative. The data were collected through literature research and descriptive analysis that experienced affixation. This study found that the novel uses affixation, a linguistic process that involves adding affixes to the base form to produce new meanings. The study found that the use of affixes in the novel not only improves character descriptions but also increases the emotional depth of the story. The analysis results show that morphology plays an important role in shaping the meaning and characters in the story. It also shows that morphology reflects the social and cultural dynamics that women face in modern society. It is hoped that this research will enhance our understanding of how morphology is used in modern literary works.

Folklore plays an important role as a medium for maintaining the cultural identity of indigenous communities. This article investigates the role of oral traditions in maintaining cultural heritage, focusing on folklore, myths and legends from indigenous communities in Asia. Through ethnographic research and narrative analysis, this study shows how folklore transmits values, beliefs and collective memory between generations, ensuring cultural sustainability amidst globalization.

The purpose of this study is to look at the morphology of affixation on vocabulary in Almaira's noveltoon ‘Behind Aisha's Veil’, especially in the third chapter with the theme ‘Love?’. The method used is qualitative. The data were collected through literature research and descriptive analysis that experienced affixation. This study found that the novel uses affixation, a linguistic process that involves adding affixes to the base form to produce new meanings. The study found that the use of affixes in the novel not only improves character descriptions but also increases the emotional depth of the story. The analysis results show that morphology plays an important role in shaping the meaning and characters in the story. It also shows that morphology reflects the social and cultural dynamics that women face in modern society. It is hoped that this research will enhance our understanding of how morphology is used in modern literary works.

Political discourse plays a very important role in shaping public opinion and reinforcing power structures in multicultural societies. This research applies Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine how language is used in political speeches to construct social hierarchies, national identities, and public perceptions. By analyzing speeches from leaders in diverse societies, this study highlights the use of rhetoric, metaphor, and persuasion strategies in influencing collective ideologies

This article presents a systematic review of pragmatic competence in second language acquisition (SLA), emphasizing its critical role in effective communication and intercultural understanding. Pragmatic competence encompasses the ability to understand and use language appropriately in diverse social and cultural contexts, including mastering speech acts, politeness strategies, conversational implicatures, and intercultural pragmatics. Despite its importance, pragmatic competence often receives less attention in language instruction compared to grammar and vocabulary. The review highlights the effectiveness of explicit and implicit teaching methods, authentic interaction, and cultural immersion in developing pragmatic skills. It also underscores the role of technology, such as digital platforms and simulations, in enhancing learners’ ability to navigate real-life communication scenarios. The findings reveal significant challenges, including cultural variability in pragmatic norms, difficulties in standardizing assessments, and the influence of learners’ individual differences. The study calls for innovative teaching and evaluation methods, focusing on personalized approaches and the integration of pragmatic learning with emotional intelligence. By synthesizing current research and practices, this article provides valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and researchers, advocating for adaptive, culturally informed, and technology-supported strategies to enhance pragmatic competence in SLA.

The pre-wedding procession in Mandailing tradition is a tradition that is still carried out today. Mandailing customary law regulates forms of marriage that reflect the community's kinship, cultural and religious values. Traditional weddings involve Dalihan Na Tolu—mora, kahanggi, and anak boru—as the core of the traditional procession. The wedding ceremony begins with a traditional meeting called makkobar or markkatai, where unique and formal greetings are used. Post-wedding processions such as marulahari, mangupa-upa and so on, all of this cannot be separated from the customs that are still inherent in Mandailing customs. All Mandailing traditional practices cannot be separated from the role of dalihan na tolu, especially in matters of marriage. This research uses a literature study method by analyzing traditional documents and related literature. The results show that Mandailing customs not only reflect cultural identity, but also strengthen social harmony and are able to adapt to changing times.

The pre-wedding procession in Mandailing tradition is a tradition that is still carried out today. Mandailing customary law regulates forms of marriage that reflect the community's kinship, cultural and religious values. Traditional weddings involve Dalihan Na Tolu—mora, kahanggi, and anak boru—as the core of the traditional procession. The wedding ceremony begins with a traditional meeting called makkobar or markkatai, where unique and formal greetings are used. Post-wedding processions such as marulahari, mangupa-upa and so on, all of this cannot be separated from the customs that are still inherent in Mandailing customs. All Mandailing traditional practices cannot be separated from the role of dalihan na tolu, especially in matters of marriage. This research uses a literature study method by analyzing traditional documents and related literature. The results show that Mandailing customs not only reflect cultural identity, but also strengthen social harmony and are able to adapt to changing times.

This research investigates the role of context in pragmatic interpretation, focusing on how context influences the understanding of meaning in communication. By examining various aspects such as implicature, deixis, presuppositions, and speech acts, the study highlights how speakers and listeners navigate meaning through contextual clues. The research employs a qualitative approach, gathering data from real-life interactions, including interviews and observations. Findings reveal that context is not just a passive backdrop but an active participant in shaping meaning, particularly in intercultural communication. This study emphasizes the dynamic nature of context and its indispensable role in pragmatic interpretation, offering insights for language teaching, intercultural communication, and artificial intelligence applications.

Feminism studies are studies that focus on the movement of women to gain freedom and determine themselves. In this beautiful novel Luka depicts the oppression of women during the Japanese colonial period. The beautiful novel Luka shows the resilience of a mixed Dutch and native woman who was detained by the Japanese army and had to be forced to work as a prostitute. The problem of this research is what is the psychological aspect of feminism analysis contained in the beautiful novel Luka by Eka Kurniawan? What is the social aspect of feminism analysis? contained in the novel "beautiful wound" by Eka Kurniawan. This research aims to find out: analysis of feminism, social aspects contained in the novel "beautiful wound" by Eka Kurniawan. The theory used by the author is mana sikana theory (2005), Ghajali, et al (1980), Ahmad Fauzi (1999). The authors used descriptive methods to conduct this research. The technique used was hermaneutic techniques. The type of research was library research. Research results (1) psychological aspects divided into character (character) thinking, taste, and emotional pressure (2) social aspects are divided into socialization process, social tasks, character (character) thinking, emotion, action, and reactions, flavors were found to be environmental factors and were influenced by age. Feelings of pressure were found to be frustration involving feelings of disappointment, sadness, sadness and suffering in each female character. Social aspects, especially the socialization process based on formal and informal education. Social tasks based on the role of wives and society. Social classes are based on lower, middle and upper class categories.

Reza Indragiri Amriel's book "Ajari Ayah, Ya Nak!" was published in 2014 and offers a fresh perspective on the crucial role of parents, particularly fathers, in educating and guiding their children. The author invites readers to consider how father-child interactions can become a process of mutual learning, with a focus on the father's role as an educator and how children learn from their own experiences. The aim of this abstract is to examine the messages and values contained in the book, as well as its connection to the progress of family education in Indonesia. The book emphasizes the importance of fathers being actively involved in their children's education and how this can influence their character in the future. This article seeks to understand how Reza Indragiri Amriel portrays the role of fathers in family education and how this influences the personal development of children. We do so by employing a qualitative approach. The findings are expected to provide readers with an understanding of the importance of parental collaboration in educating their children.

Social media has emerged as a transformative platform for youth skill development, particularly in diplomatic literacy. This qualitative study investigates how university students leverage social media to enhance their soft skills, focusing on communication, critical thinking, and cultural sensitivity. Through interviews and focus group discussions with 30 university students, the research explores the mechanisms by which digital platforms facilitate skill development. Findings reveal that social media provides unique opportunities for global interaction, information evaluation, and cross-cultural understanding. Students reported significant improvements in communication skills, critical thinking abilities, and cultural awareness through engaged social media use.

Mastering English from an early age is an important factor in preparing children to face global challenges in the future. This research aims to explore effective English language teaching methods in local communities, especially for children aged 7-12 years from lower middle socio-economic backgrounds. A qualitative approach was used through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of learning activities for 3 weeks. The research results show that interactive methods, such as games, role playing, and the use of simple technology, can improve language skills, build self-confidence, and create an enjoyable learning experience. In addition, local community involvement and parental empowerment have proven to play an important role in supporting children's learning. These findings emphasize the need for collaboration between communities, educators, and families to create sustainable and relevant learning programs. With a needs-based and technology-based approach, English language teaching can be an effective tool for building a brighter future for children.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the portrayal of greed and power in the film Planet of the Apes and focus on how these themes affect the relationship between humans and apes. This study will focus on understanding the role of greed and power in social and interspecies dynamics and explore how these destructive forces shape character behavior as well as the broader conflict in the story. This study uses qualitative descriptive analysis to explore the themes of "greed" and "power" in Planet of the Apes. The study employs descriptive research to explore how these themes are intertwined in the plot, particularly the dynamics between humans and apes. The study emphasizes the destructive effects of greed, which leads to conflict, exploitation, and oppression and affects both species. Proximus symbolizes the greed of apes, who misuse Caesar's teachings to fuel their violent ambitions, while Mai symbolizes the greed of humans, who crave manipulation and control. The results of this study show how humans struggle to coexist with the greedy apes, thus reinforcing the narrative of inevitable conflict and power struggle.

Stand-up comedy has evolved into a dynamic platform for the treatment of complex social and environmental issues, combining entertainment and education. However, little is known about how stand-up comedians manage the balance between entertainment, education, and ethical responsibility when addressing environmental challenges. This study aims to understand how humor functions as a tool for raising environmental cultural awareness and promoting positive behavioral changes. The study employs a case study methodology in conjunction with a qualitative approach. The analysis will be carried out through discourse analysis to uncover the underlying themes, ethical considerations, and communication techniques embedded in Pandji Pragiwaksono's humor. The findings from this study will not only enhance our understanding of humor's role in environmental communication but also provide practical insights for comedians, environmental educators, and communicators who are trying to effectively engage audiences while maintaining ethical integrity across different cultural contexts.

This research explores the role of ethics in cross-cultural translation, focusing on the essential principle of cultural sensitivity in translation work. In an increasingly globalized world, translation not only requires linguistic expertise but also the ability to navigate complex cultural landscapes. The research highlights the importance of understanding cultural nuances, ethical considerations, and the impact of translation on social responsibility. Through a literature review, the study examines various scholarly perspectives on translation ethics, drawing on the works of notable researchers and case studies. The methodology employed in this study is a comprehensive literature review, synthesizing insights from existing research on translation ethics, social responsibility, and cultural sensitivity. The findings emphasize that ethical translation is not merely about accurate word-for-word translation but involves a deeper awareness of cultural contexts and values. Translators must balance linguistic accuracy with the cultural meanings embedded in the source text, ensuring that the translated work resonates with the target audience while respecting cultural differences.

This research explores English Literature students’ perspectives on digital literacy through visual content on the @rappersrelated Instagram account. The main focus is how this platform facilitates digital literacy skills by using design composition analysis, supporting critical thinking, and enriching aesthetic appreciation and cultural trends. This research used qualitative methods with the participation of 10 UNIMED English Literature 7th semester students to gain in-depth insights into their experiences. Thematic analysis showed that Instagram enhances visual literacy, but also faces challenges such as ambiguous interpretation and limited cultural context. The findings provide valuable insights into the role of social media in supporting digital literacy in the digital age.

Language literacy is essential for effective communication, especially in text-based interactions where nonverbal cues are absent. This study aims to explore the mediating role of feedback in clarifying ambiguity in text messages among students. While there is already research on feedback and language literacy, there is a gap regarding how feedback can specifically address ambiguity in digital communication. Using a descriptive survey method, data was collected from 30 students at Medan State University through a questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp. The analysis results show that syntactic ambiguity is the most prevalent type, followed by semantic and referential ambiguity. The findings showed that feedback strategies such as repetition, reformulation, and explicit clarification significantly improved understanding and reduced miscommunication. Students reported that these strategies helped clarify ambiguous messages and encouraged clearer interactions with the lecturer. In conclusion, effective feedback mechanisms are essential for improving communication clarity in text messages, especially in academic contexts. This study underscores the importance of developing feedback literacy among university students to effectively navigate ambiguity, thereby improving their language literacy and overall communication skills. Further research can extend these findings by exploring different contexts and demographics to generalize the results.

This study aims to investigate the role of digital literacy in helping students assess the validity of skincare product advertisement claims, particularly exaggerated or hyperbolic claims often found in beauty product advertisements on social media. Using a qualitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design, this study involved 30 students of the English Literature Study Program at Medan State University as respondents who had basic knowledge of digital literacy and familiarity with skincare product advertisements. Data were collected through an online survey using a Likert scale to measure students' perceptions of advertising claims and the influence of digital literacy in evaluating those claims. The results showed that the majority of respondents had the ability to distinguish between valid and invalid claims thanks to their digital literacy. In addition, most students use the internet as the main source to verify advertising claims. However, there are still a small number of students who have not utilized digital literacy optimally. Overall, this study confirms the importance of digital literacy in helping students develop a critical attitude towards advertisements and can play a role in encouraging them to become smarter consumers who are skeptical of unrealistic claims in beauty product advertisements.