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This research aims to improve student learning outcomes through the inquiry method on the subject of special treatment of fruit plant seeds. The study was conducted as classroom action research (CAR) at SMKN 1 Gondang for class XI Agribusiness of Food Crops and Horticulture (ATPH). The research was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through tests and observation sheets. The results show that the inquiry method significantly improves student engagement and cognitive outcomes. Average class performance increased from 62% in Cycle I to 85% in Cycle II. These findings suggest that inquiry-based learning can enhance students' critical thinking and understanding in agricultural subjects.

Today, higher education is one of the pillars of development and economic growth for every country in the world. The absence of innovation in higher education is one of the primary problems that Iraqi universities confront and still unable to overcome. This situation could be attributed to the dearth of strategic innovation programs and a lack of creativity in lecturing. Therefore, this study proposes a framework that fits innovation practices and employee creativity into the organizational performance of Misan University in Iraq. Quantitative methods were used to test the hypotheses and validate the fitness of the conceptual framework with the empirical data. Simple random sampling technique was used in the survey procedure. The study sample includes 500 lecturers, whereas 422 valid questionnaires have been included in the data analysis. The results show that innovation practices and creativity have a significant effect on the organizational performance of Misan University. These findings provide evidence that achieving superior performance in higher education no longer depends on the deployment of tangible assets like financial resources or the number of academic staff and faculty, but also on intangible assets such as creative lecturing and adopting innovation practices in the learning process. Thus, this study recommends that higher education institutions in Iraq focus on recruiting creative lecturers who can improve students' learning ability by promoting new ways of learning scientific materials in parallel with an innovation strategy in all organizational functions and processes.

This community service activity aims to improve the learning abilities of children in Sindanglaya Village, Cimeyan Sub-district, Bandung Regency, through non-formal education programs at Taman Baca Shekinah. The background of this activity is the low human resources and limited educational access in the local community. The activities carried out included learning assistance for elementary school students in grades 1–6, literacy classes for toddlers, and morning exercise for local residents. A descriptive qualitative method with a participatory approach was used. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed an increase in children’s learning abilities, active participation, and community involvement in supporting children's education. Formal school teachers acknowledged the acceleration in students' understanding of subject materials. This activity demonstrated that community reading parks play an important role in supporting formal education and building children's character in resource-limited areas. The implication of this program is expected to be a literacy empowerment model for similar communities in other regions.

This study aims to enhance students' critical thinking skills in Science learning at SMP Negeri 259 Jakarta through the utilization of the Class Point application. The research employs the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in three stages: pre-cycle, cycle I, and cycle II, with 35 eighth-grade students as the subjects. The results show that the use of Class Point significantly improved students' critical thinking skills, reflected by the increase in the class average score from 68.2 in the pre-cycle to 82.1 in cycle II. The students' engagement also increased from 55% in the pre-cycle to 89% in cycle II. Thus, the use of Class Point proves to be an effective alternative in enhancing students' critical thinking abilities in Science learning.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, requiring early and accurate diagnosis to reduce mortality. This study proposes a hybrid classification pipeline that integrates Hybrid Statistical Feature Selection (HSFS) with unsupervised LSTM-guided feature extraction for breast cancer detection using the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset. Initially, 20 features were selected using HSFS based on Mutual Information, Chi-square, and Pearson Correlation. To address class imbalance, the training set was balanced using the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). Subsequently, an LSTM encoder extracted non-linear latent features from the selected features. A fusion strategy was applied by concatenating the statistical and latent features, followed by re-selection of the top 30 features. The final classification was performed using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with RBF kernel and evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation and a held-out test set. Experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved an average training accuracy of 98.13%, F1-score of 98.13%, and AUC-ROC of 99.55%. On the held-out test set, the model reached an accuracy of 99.30%, precision of 100%, and F1-score of 99.05%, with an AUC-ROC of 0.9973. The proposed pipeline demonstrates improved generalization and interpretability compared to existing methods such as LightGBM-PSO, DHH-GRU, and ensemble deep networks. These results highlight the effectiveness of combining statistical selection and LSTM-based latent feature encoding in a balanced classification framework.

The study aimed to identify and analyze the errors made by seventh-grade students at SMP Dwijendra Denpasar in pronouncing certain English consonants, which are essential components of their target language learning. The study specifically focuses on the student’s articulation of six English contoid consonants: [ʃ], [ʧ], [θ], [ʒ], [ʤ], and [ð]. A qualitative descriptive method was applied in this research, involving several stages: collecting data from the students as research subjects, organizing and constructing the data for analysis, interpreting the results, and drawing relevant conclusions. The research findings revealed that no students could pronounce the targeted consonants accurately according to standard English pronunciation norms. The articulation errors were mainly caused by various influencing factors, including interlingual transfer, where the students’ first language interferes with their pronunciation of English sounds, and intralingual factors, which refer to difficulties arising from the complexities within the English language. However, the mispronunciation of key consonant sounds created misunderstandings and affected the clarity of their spoken language. As a result, these errors posed a challenge in achieving effective oral communication as a critical aspect of mastering a second language. The findings emphasized the importance of addressing these pronunciation challenges through targeted interventions and improved teaching strategies to enhance students’ language proficiency and communication skills.  

The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has transformed the paradigm of shopping experiences on e-commerce platforms. This article examines the future of AI-powered virtual shopping assistants designed to provide personalized solutions in the digital marketplace experience. Virtual shopping assistants, driven by technologies such as chatbots, voice assistants, and machine learning, enable consumers to receive more relevant product recommendations and a shopping experience tailored to their preferences. This study aims to explore how the implementation of AI-powered virtual shopping assistants can enhance customer loyalty, sales conversion, and consumer satisfaction in online marketplaces. Using a mixed-method approach involving in-depth interviews and quantitative surveys, the research identifies consumer perceptions of this technology and its impact on their purchasing decisions. Findings reveal that consumers who engage with AI-powered virtual shopping assistants report more personalized and satisfying shopping experiences, contributing to increased loyalty and sales conversion for e-commerce platforms. This article provides practical insights for marketplace managers to optimize the use of AI in creating more personalized and responsive shopping experiences. Furthermore, this research opens opportunities for further exploration of AI integration across various digital shopping channels.

This study aims to analyze the listening skills of students of the Indonesian Language Education (PBI) study program at Siliwangi University in understanding folk tales delivered through audiovisual media which is considered capable of increasing student involvement and understanding in the listening process because it combines visual and audio elements simultaneously. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through listening tests. The results of the study indicate that the use of audiovisual media significantly helps students understand the content of the story, characters, and cultural values ​​contained in folk tales. In addition, this media also motivates students to be more active and focused in listening activities. This study recommends the use of audiovisual media as an alternative to effective listening learning in language teaching, especially in the context of folk tales.

This study aims to identify and classify factors that influence the work readiness of vocational school graduates, analyze the contribution of each factor, and provide evidence-based recommendations for policy development and learning practices in vocational schools. The method used in this study is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which analyzes articles related to factors affecting the work readiness of vocational school graduates from ScienceDirect. The results of the review show that the Work Readiness of vocational school graduates is influenced by three main categories of factors: individual (technical competence, soft skills, self-efficacy), institutional (curriculum, industrial practice experience), and external (industrial environment, local job opportunities, government policies). All three interact with each other and contribute significantly to work readiness. Strengthening work readiness can be achieved by adapting the curriculum that is relevant to labor market needs, increasing industrial practice experience, and strengthening institutional support and cooperation with the business world. Recommendations for vocational education policy development include improving curriculum quality, strengthening soft skills, and providing wider internship and career development opportunities.  

Multiculturalism presents a significant challenge to contemporary social development, particularly in Indonesia, a nation characterized by its vast ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity. Multicultural Islamic education is viewed as a strategic solution to fostering social harmony and mitigating potential conflicts based on ethnicity, religion, race, and intergroup relations (SARA). This study employs a qualitative approach using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method based on the PRISMA framework to analyze various references related to the implementation of multicultural Islamic education values in schools. The findings indicate that Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a crucial role in instilling values of tolerance, respect for diversity, and democratic attitudes among students. However, the implementation faces several challenges, including a lack of parental support, limited learning media, and insufficient time allocation for promoting multicultural values. Therefore, effective strategies are needed, such as integrating Islamic concepts into multicultural education, strengthening an inclusivity-based curriculum, and enhancing teachers' capacity to deliver diversity-respecting instruction. The findings highlight the strategic role of Islamic religious education in preventing radicalism and promoting national unity through inclusive multicultural education    

This research presents the basic concept of learning interaction, especially in the Indonesian classroom. A literature review is a technique used in this study. The data collection technique was carried out by searching for library sources based on the outline topic, grouping library sources based on relevance to the subject and year of the research, then sequencing the structure of explanations and comparing interrelated data. The data is then analyzed through 3 steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study explained that in general the interaction is divided into three patterns, (1) one-way patterns, (2) two-way patterns, and (3) multi-directional patterns. All three are needed in the learning process. However, what should be more dominant is the multi-directional pattern. In language classes, especially Indonesian interactions, learning interaction aims to develop four aspects of language skills, namely (1) listening, (2) speaking, (3) reading and (4) writing. Each aspect of skill has its pattern, technique/method. In addition, teacher and student activities during learning can be classified into seven categories of interactions known as the Brown Interaction Analysis System (BIAS).    

The Social studies has an important role in education, namely understanding the wider social world so that students are able to face the challenges of global issues. This research explores the transformation of social studies learning in the modern era, focusing on contemporary global issues such as climate change, geopolitical conflicts, economic disparities, health problems, and human rights violations. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach and literature study, this research examines the urgency of social studies education transformation in responding to these issues. The results show that social studies education needs to adopt more interactive and technology-based learning methods, integrate character values, improve digital literacy, and incorporate global issues into the curriculum, the key role of teachers as facilitators and continuous evaluation to ensure the effectiveness of the transformation. This study concludes that a comprehensive transformation of social studies learning is essential to prepare the younger generation to be responsible global citizens and able to contribute to a better society.  

This study aims to explore and analyze the values ​​of the integration of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) with science in learning in Senior High Schools (SMA) in the Riau Islands. In the era of globalization and rapid technological advances, it is important for education to integrate religious knowledge and science in order to create students who are not only intellectually intelligent but also have strong characters. The research approach used is qualitative descriptive with a case study method involving in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies in several high schools in the Riau Islands. This study found that despite major challenges in terms of limited infrastructure, human resources, and access to technology, the integration of PAI and science can enrich students' understanding of the relationship between religion and science. By integrating science into Islamic teachings, students not only learn scientific knowledge but are also trained to think critically in the context of religion and morals. On the other hand, geographical challenges and limited facilities in the Riau Islands cause gaps in the implementation of this integration. Therefore, this study suggests the need for more adaptive learning strategies, improved teacher training, and the use of mobile technology to overcome these challenges. This research is expected to contribute to the development of a more inclusive and relevant education curriculum, especially in remote areas such as the Riau Islands.

In educational research, identifying variables and determining data sources are essential components in designing a systematic and accurate study. Research variables refer to the elements that are observed and measured within a study. These variables can include student achievement, motivation, teaching strategies, or learning environment conditions. Generally, variables are categorized as independent, dependent, control, or moderator variables. The independent variable is the influencing factor, while the dependent variable is the outcome. Control variables are held constant to avoid interference, and moderator variables affect the strength or direction of the relationship. The process of identifying variables begins with formulating the research problem and objectives. By reviewing theoretical frameworks and previous studies, researchers can focus their investigation on measurable aspects. For instance, in a study about the effectiveness of online learning on student performance, the independent variable is online learning, while the dependent variable is student achievement. Beyond identifying variables, researchers must also determine the appropriate types of data sources. Data sources are generally divided into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary data are collected directly from research subjects, such as through interviews, observations, or questionnaires. Secondary data, on the other hand, are obtained from existing sources like documents, books, journals, or official reports. The choice of data source must align with the research approach—quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods. In quantitative research, primary data such as test scores or survey responses are used to measure variables numerically. In qualitative research, in-depth interviews and observations are commonly used to explore meanings and context. Using both types of data in combination can enhance data validity through triangulation. Ultimately, researchers must ensure the validity and reliability of their data, while also maintaining ethical standards in data collection and reporting. By understanding how to identify variables and select appropriate data sources, educational research can yield credible findings that contribute meaningfully to educational theory and practice.

This research analyzes the efforts of Akidah Akhlak teachers in reducing smartphone addiction through classical guidance services in Islamic religious education (PAI) learning at MTsN 3 Magetan. The method used was qualitative observational, with data obtained through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that classical guidance methods such as Team Game Tournament (TGT), Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD), and Jigsaw were effective in fostering student engagement and reducing smartphone use during class. Supporting factors include school regulations, teacher-parent collaboration, and interactive learning environments, though external environmental influences remain a challenge.    

Based on literature research conducted over the past five years, from 2020 to 2024, this study aims to analyze the positive and negative impacts of technology use on students' cognitive development in schools. Digital technology plays a significant role in modern education, both in supporting students' critical thinking, creativity and conceptual understanding, and in introducing risks such as decreased concentration and digital dependency. The method used was a literature study that used a sample of literature covering various levels of education, from elementary school to higher education, using relevant articles and journals. The results of the analysis show that technology can accelerate the learning process and increase students' learning motivation if used appropriately and accompanied by the role of parents or teachers. However, excessive and unsupervised use can lead to cognitive, social and emotional impairment. Therefore, a balanced strategy for using technology is needed so that the benefits can be maximized and the negative impacts minimized.

Character-based learning assessment plays a crucial role in shaping the Pancasila Student Profile at the elementary school (SD/MI) level. This study aims to identify effective strategies for collecting character assessment data to ensure that students develop in accordance with Pancasila values. The research methods include analyzing various assessment techniques such as observation, reflection journals, interviews, and scenario-based instruments. Additionally, this study explores the role of teachers, parents, and the school environment in supporting the implementation of character assessment. The findings indicate that effective character assessment must be holistic, involve multiple stakeholders, and be conducted continuously. The main challenges in data collection include time constraints, lack of teacher training in using assessment instruments, and limited use of technology in the assessment process. Therefore, it is recommended that schools adopt a more systematic approach by integrating digital technology, strengthening teachers' capacity through assessment training, and increasing parental involvement in the assessment process. With the right strategies, character assessment can become an effective tool in strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile and shaping a generation that is ethical, independent, and critical-thinking.

The issue of waste management remains one of the significant environmental challenges in Indonesia, mainly due to the lack of awareness and understanding from an early age. This article discusses the implementation of a community service program through innovative interactive learning using educational games "Reresik" and "Bersihkan Sampah di Laut" designed to enhance elementary school students' interest and understanding of waste management. The implementation method includes teacher training, the introduction of waste material, the application of educational games, and the evaluation of program effectiveness through satisfaction surveys. The results indicate that game-based learning methods significantly increase student enthusiasm, simplify understanding, and foster positive habits in maintaining environmental cleanliness. Moreover, the training provided to teachers improved their ability to integrate educational technology into the learning process. This program is expected to serve as a sustainable innovative learning model to raise environmental awareness among younger generations.

Summarizing Arabic texts plays a crucial role in understanding and disseminating knowledge. In Arabic language learning, there is a concept known as Naht, which is the process of simplifying or condensing lengthy and complex texts into a shorter form without diminishing the core meaning contained within them. However, in reality, many students still struggle to summarize Arabic texts due to less interactive teaching methods, resulting in passive attitudes and a lack of self-confidence among students. This study aims to develop more interactive teaching techniques to enhance student participation while supporting their critical thinking skills, particularly in the ability to summarize after reading Arabic texts. This research employs a qualitative approach with descriptive methods through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the application of interactive methods such as group discussions and mind mapping positively impacts students' ability to summarize Arabic texts and develop critical thinking skills. Group discussions help deepen understanding and boost students' confidence, while mind mapping facilitates the identification of core material and makes learning more engaging and easier to remember. This technique has proven effective in improving summarization skills and sharpening critical thinking, thus it is recommended for teachers to implement and further develop it in order to create an optimal learning process for students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Izzul Islam.

The urgency to strengthen the pedagogical competence of Islamic Elementary Teacher Education (PGMI) teachers has increased in line with 21st-century learning demands, which emphasize critical thinking, collaboration, and meaningful learning. However, in practice, many PGMI teachers still face significant gaps in understanding and applying constructivist approaches effectively. This article aims to analyze these gaps and evaluate the potential for developing pedagogical competencies within the framework of constructivist theory. This study adopts a qualitative approach using library research methods, gathering secondary data from scholarly literature, educational policies, and previous relevant studies. Data analysis was conducted through content analysis, applying the Miles and Huberman model. The findings reveal a persistent reliance on conventional teaching methods, limited pedagogical literacy regarding constructivism, and insufficient integration of theory into teacher education curricula and training. The study concludes that systemic reforms are required in curriculum design, teacher training, and institutional partnerships to bridge these pedagogical gaps. This article contributes both conceptually and practically to the development of constructivist-based learning models in Islamic elementary education. Field-based follow-up research is recommended to empirically strengthen these findings.