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This research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to investigate the involvement of MSMEs in supporting people economy focusing on inclusiveness, innovation, and digitalization aspects and explores the primary challenges faced by MSMEs towards accessing technology and innovating for global market. This study clearly has significant implications, including that MSMEs play a key role in driving people's economy; notably most of these developing countries whose economies have reached steady state growth periods and also create jobs—results also. Regular posts of new-generation features is another factor that causes the figure to grow, something innovation and digitalization have also worked on in order to drive an efficiency curve further upward. Second, numerous obstacles encountered by MSMEs parties such as infrastructure issues are still less evenly distributed, access to capital constraints for MSMEs actors and complexities in the regulation for MSMEs actors. This study is useful for supporting the government to design adequate regulations and policies that can drive people economy through accommodating of MSME actors in the capital market as efficient prospective fund Chanel.

This research explores the harmony between understanding New Testament theology and its application in the context of the modern congregation. Through a qualitative approach, we analyzed theological beliefs and daily practices in several congregations. Findings suggest that a good balance between understanding New Testament theology and its practical application forms a solid foundation for spiritual growth and transformation in the church community. Practical implications of this research include strategies for deeper religious education, spiritual formation, and the development of ministry initiatives that reflect the principles of New Testament theology. In conclusion, this harmony not only stimulates individual growth but also shapes the collective character of the congregation, strengthening the relevance of New Testament theology in facing the dynamics of the modern congregation.

The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of the new creation in the reading of 2 Corinthians 5:17 through the understanding of the BNKP Tobasa congregation and how they interpret the spiritual change in their daily lives. The method used in this study is the reader response criticism method, which emphasizes the active role of the reader or congregation in shaping the understanding of the Bible text. This study involved eight members of the BNKP Tobasa Balige congregation as informants, consisting of various backgrounds and ages. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews to explore how each individual interprets the concept of the new creation as a change that includes the renewal of the heart, mindset, and attitude of life guided by the Holy Spirit. They view the new creation as a process of transformation that brings someone out of an old life full of sin to a new life in Christ. However, even though there is a good theological understanding, it was also found that there is still a gap between understanding and application in daily life. Some congregations have not fully displayed the character and behavior that reflect life as a new creation both in relationships between fellow congregations and in their attitudes towards life of faith. This emphasizes the importance of ongoing formation in the congregation, especially to deepen their understanding of the meaning of the new creation and how it should be realized in real action.

The technological revolution accelerated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) has fundamentally changed the paradigm of leadership and human resource management. Digital leadership is now an essential competency for organizations that want to survive and thrive in the face of the challenges of the technological disruption era. This research aims to understand the role of digital leadership in the human capital transformation process, especially in the context of AI adoption by modern organizations.The post-qualitative approach allows research to capture the evolving and diverse dynamics in a digitized organizational environment. It is more open to different forms of data, both structured and unstructured, and recognizes the complexity and ambiguity in digital leadership practices. This research utilizes open-ended interviews and participatory observation, facilitated by interpretive narrative to understand the process of human capital transformation. The main results of the study show that digital leadership plays a key role in facilitating human capital transformation, with an emphasis on adaptive skills development, data-driven decision-making and closer collaboration between people and technology. This transformation is not only technical in nature but also involves changes in organizational culture and structure. This research makes an important contribution by offering a new perspective in leadership studies through a post-qualitative approach.

The lack of the leadership function in monitoring and evaluation, the limited training on patient safety is suspected to have resulted in a low safety culture and clinical risk management. This study aims to determine the influence of transformational leadership, patient safety knowledge and culture on clinical risk management at PMI Hospital. Design of a cross-sectional study, 138 nurses in August 2024. Simple random sampling technique, the independent variable is knowledge about patient safety goals and transformational leadership; the dependent variable of clinical risk management, and the intervening variable of patient safety culture. Descriptive analysis shows that PMI Hospital has nurses who have high knowledge of patient safety targets, with a charismatic leadership style, and a communicative patient safety culture. The results show that knowledge of patient safety goals, transformational leadership, and patient safety culture simultaneously and partially have a significanteffect on clinical risk management so that high knowledge, charismatic leadership, and communicative patient safety culture are proven to encourage improvements in clinical risk management at PMI Hospital.

The research aims to determine the level of sustainable organizational performance from opinion of view of some learning leaders, and to know the level of organizational innovation from opinion of view of some learning leaders, and to reveal the level of organizational flexibility according to the opinion of some educational leaders, and to indicate the level of organizational capacity among individuals The university of the research sample, and determine the level of practices of learning leaders Research sample for transformational leadership behaviors, and the research also aims to test the correlation between transformational leadership and sustainable organizational performance, and test the impact relationship between transformational leadership and sustainable organizational performance. The research was applied at the University of Qadisiyah to a sample of administrative leaders at this university. 

The research that has been conducted is entitled "The Relationship Between Principal Transformational Leadership and Increasing Teacher Work Motivation in the Modern Education Era at SMK Tritech Informatika Medan" which is based on the fact that Principal Transformational Leadership is a leadership model that allows a leader to change the energy of resources, both human, instrument, and situation, to achieve targeted goals. In the context of education, Principal Transformational Leadership is very important to improve the quality of education and increase teacher job satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a significant relationship between variables X and Y. The methodology of this study uses a quantitative approach with the type of field research. The population of this study were teachers at SMK Tritech Informatika Medan with a sample size of 40 teachers. The sampling technique was carried out by simple random sampling. Data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation. Data management tools by conducting several tests such as validity and reliability tests, normality and homogeneity tests, linearity tests and simple linear regression tests. And for the results of the hypothesis test using the Pearson correlation test method and the paired sample T-Test test. The results of the study revealed that the results of the Pearson correlation test analysis showed that there was a significant influence between the relationship between the principal's transformational leadership and the work motivation of teachers in the modern education era at SMK Tritech Informatika Medan, which was 0.018< 0.05. This shows that variables X and Y are correlated. Then the degree of relationship between variables X and Y of 0.374 shows that the Pearson correlation value of 0.21 to 0.40 between variables X and Y is a weak correlation. And in the second test, namely the paired sample T-Test, the Sig. (2-tailed) value was 0.000 <0.05, so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between variables X and Y.

The transformation of organizational structure from mechanical to organic form is a strategic step in adapting to rapid changes in the business environment, especially in the marketing function. This study aims to examine the process and challenges in this transformation using a qualitative approach. The study was conducted on five companies in the technology and consumer product sectors that have adopted organic structures in their marketing teams. The results of the study indicate that organic structures increase market responsiveness, cross-functional collaboration, and team creativity, but require strong leadership, supporting technology, and changes in organizational culture. These findings provide important insights for the development of more adaptive and innovative modern organizations.

This study investigates the effectiveness of the Guided Inquiry Learning (GIL) model in enhancing students' scientific literacy, particularly in the domain of energy and its transformation. The primary aim of the research was to assess the impact of GIL on students' understanding of complex scientific concepts related to energy, focusing on energy types, transformations, and the conservation law. The GIL model, characterized by active learning, student-centered inquiry, and structured guidance, was implemented through hands-on experiments, observations, and collaborative discussions. The results of the study revealed a significant improvement in scientific literacy, with a 25% increase in post-test scores. The findings suggest that GIL fosters greater student engagement and critical thinking compared to traditional lecture-based methods. Students demonstrated increased confidence and a deeper understanding of energy concepts, making connections between theoretical knowledge and real-world applications. Despite challenges such as time constraints and resource limitations, these obstacles were addressed by adjusting schedules and incorporating virtual simulations to enhance the learning experience. Student feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with participants expressing appreciation for the hands-on nature of the model and the opportunities for peer learning. This study underscores the effectiveness of GIL in improving scientific literacy and suggests that its application could extend to other scientific topics, providing a flexible framework for fostering inquiry and understanding in various educational contexts. Future research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of GIL on other science disciplines and evaluate its broader applicability across different educational settings.

This study examines the transformation of waqf in the digital era through the waqf crowdfunding model and cash waqf savings products from the perspective of Maqashid Syariah. Waqf, which is traditionally manifested in the form of immovable assets, has now developed into movable assets such as cash waqf, supported by Law No. 41 of 2004. Digital innovations, such as waqf crowdfunding, allow wider community participation with small amounts for productive social projects, while cash waqf savings products in Islamic banking manage funds productively with the proceeds channeled to education, health, and public infrastructure. Despite having great potential in socio-economic development and in line with the Hifdzu Maal principle in Maqashid Syariah, the implementation of digital waqf still faces challenges such as unclear regulations, lack of public awareness, risk of mismanagement, and limited investment. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach, case studies, and normative-sociological with in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature studies as data collection techniques. The research subjects were selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, as well as triangulation of sources and methods for data validity. The results of the study are expected to provide theoretical contributions and practical recommendations for the management of digital waqf that is professional, transparent, and beneficial to the community.  

This study explores the effectiveness of community-driven governance in managing natural resources in post-conflict rural areas. The object of research focuses on governance models in the departments of Caquetá and Cesar, Colombia, where community-based initiatives have been implemented to address socio-environmental challenges. The main problem identified is the limited success of top-down regulatory approaches in promoting sustainability and legal compliance in these regions. The primary objective of the research is to assess the role of local participation in improving governance outcomes. To achieve this, the study employs a qualitative approach, using case studies and interviews to gather data from local stakeholders involved in natural resource management. The main findings suggest that community-driven governance models significantly enhance legal protection for public resources, fostering stronger compliance with environmental regulations and promoting sustainable practices. These models empower local communities, increase their engagement in decision-making, and improve the long-term management of resources. The research concludes that integrating community-driven approaches into national and regional legal frameworks is essential for achieving more effective and sustainable environmental governance. These findings contribute to the understanding of how governance can be adapted to better address the needs of vulnerable communities in post-conflict settings.

This research examines the problem of technological advances creating digital transformation in various aspects of life, one of which is art. Digital evolution in art, giving rise to various new creative expressions, one of which is Non-Fungible Tokens. NFT as a form of creative output has Copyright which is part of Intellectual Property Rights. Based on Government Regulation Number 24 of 2022 concerning Implementing Regulations for Law Number 24 of 2019 concerning the Creative Economy, Intellectual Property Rights can be used as a basis for financing the creative economy sector. This research aims as an effort to encourage the progress of the creative economy sector by examining NFTs as objects of Fiduciary Guarantees in order to optimize Intellectual Property Rights as the basis for financing schemes for the creative economy sector. This research is a prescriptive normative legal research. Types of secondary data include primary and secondary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials is done by literature study, then a conceptual approach is used. The results of this study indicate that NFTs have the potential to be used as objects of fiduciary guarantees, however, there are obstacles in regulations and mechanisms that have not been protected by the government, so it is necessary to adjust more specific regulations related to the use of digital assets in fiduciary schemes and education and increased digital literacy for financial institutions and creative economy actors regarding the potential and risks of using NFTs as objects of fiduciary guarantees.

This community service program aims to internalize the exemplary values of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) through the commemoration of Mawlid al-Nabi as an effort to strengthen the religious character of the community in Bulusidokare, Sidoarjo. The main issue addressed is the tendency for Mawlid activities to remain largely ceremonial, thereby limiting their impact on shaping community attitudes and behavior. The program employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, involving 45 participants consisting of community members and local leaders. The activities were conducted through stages of collaborative planning, educational sessions, interactive discussions, as well as reflection and evaluation.The results indicate a noticeable improvement in participants’ understanding of the Prophet’s exemplary values, accompanied by positive changes in attitudes and behavior toward more religiously grounded practices. In addition, increased community participation was observed, along with the emergence of individuals acting as local leaders who promote the application of these values within their social environment. These findings suggest that an educational and participatory approach is effective in fostering a deeper and more sustainable internalization of values.In conclusion, the program not only enhances knowledge but also contributes to social transformation through the strengthening of the community’s religious character. This initiative has the potential to serve as a replicable model of community service based on religious values in other contexts.

This narrative literature review examines the role of entrepreneurial leadership in Indonesian higher education as a strategic approach to enhancing human resource quality and national competitiveness. Amid rapid changes in the higher education landscape, entrepreneurial leadership emerges as a critical framework that integrates innovation, visionary thinking, calculated risk-taking, and collaborative governance. This leadership style fosters an institutional culture that encourages creativity, flexibility, and continuous improvement among faculty and students, aligning educational outcomes with labor market demands. The review synthesizes current research on how entrepreneurial leadership influences institutional strength, academic quality, and socio-economic development through partnerships involving universities, government, industry, and communities. It highlights challenges such as low entrepreneurial motivation among business students and the need for integrating practical entrepreneurial education effectively. Furthermore, digital transformation and internationalization are identified as key enablers for cultivating entrepreneurial mindsets and skills. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive policies, stakeholder engagement, and contextualized educational programs to support entrepreneurial ecosystems in higher education. Ultimately, fostering entrepreneurial leadership is essential for preparing graduates equipped with critical thinking, project management, and communication skills, thereby contributing to sustainable economic growth and innovation in Indonesia.

Social change in sports reflects the transformation occurring in the structure, values, and dynamics of society through sports activities. Sports, as a social phenomenon, not only serve as a means of recreation and competition but also as an important instrument in influencing social aspects such as integration, gender equality, social mobility, and solidarity. Social changes brought about by sports manifest in various forms, including shifts in norms and values that promote inclusivity, diversity, and broader participation. Issues such as human rights, anti-discrimination, and gender equality are increasingly gaining attention in the modern sports world. Additionally, technological advancements and globalization have accelerated changes in the way sports are practiced and consumed by society. This leads to new opportunities, such as increased access to sports across different social strata, but also presents new challenges, including commercialization and inequality in access to quality sports facilities. Thus, sports become both a reflection and a catalyst for broader social change dynamics within global society.

In today's life, humans are faced with various challenges. A mature way of thinking is needed. Critical thinking is one of the thinking processes that is qualified in seeing, reading, analysing and responding to situations and issues that require solutions. Critical thinking is the process of analysing, examining and formulating judgements based on deeper thinking in addressing matters that need to be revealed. In this study, using descriptive qualitative research methods through a library research approach. As a result, it was found that the purpose of critical thinking is to reveal the truth by attacking and eliminating everything that is wrong, to reveal the truth. In building a critical mind, humans need the right foundation. Both in terms of knowledge and religion. In research related to building critical thinking skills is through a religious approach, in this case the Christian faith. The Bible is the basis of Christian life. The Bible is the authoritative Word of God in Christian life. The Bible as the foundation of critical thinking reveals that building critical thinking skills requires: Wisdom; Transformation of the intellect; and Testing and Evaluating everything before it is accepted and applied in life.

Love is the main principle in Christianity taught by Jesus and emphasized by the Apostle Paul as the fulfillment of the Law. In the context of Batak society, the Dalihan Na Tolu social system regulates social relations based on the principles of honor, solidarity, and responsibility. This research aims to analyze how the law of love in Paul's theology can be integrated with the principles of Dalihan Na Tolu to build contextual Christian ethics in Batak land without losing the essence of the gospel. This research uses a qualitative method with a theological and ethnographic study approach. Literature studies were conducted on biblical texts, Pauline theological sources, and references to Batak culture. Hermeneutic analysis was used to understand the concept of the law of love in Paul's theology, while a study of Dalihan Na Tolu was conducted to identify its relevance to Christian ethics. The results show that there are similar values between the law of love in Paul's theology and the principles of Dalihan Na Tolu, especially in terms of love, respect and solidarity. However, some aspects of Dalihan Na Tolu need to be criticized, especially in terms of social hierarchy that can lead to injustice. Therefore, cultural transformation is needed so that the principle of love taught in the Bible can become the basis of Christian ethics that are relevant to Batak society. This research contributes to the development of contextual theology and provides insight for the church and Batak community in applying the law of love in social and traditional life.

The transformation of public sector accounting is critical for enhancing the quality of public services. This evolution is driven by the need for greater transparency, accountability, and efficiency within government operations. Traditional accounting practices, often characterized by a focus on compliance and financial reporting, are being replaced by more comprehensive frameworks that emphasize performance measurement and management. This shift is largely influenced by globalization, technological advancements, and the increasing expectations of citizens for improved public services. By adopting modern accounting practices, public sector organizations can better align their financial management strategies with service delivery goals, thus fostering a culture of continuous improvement. Key elements of this transformation include the integration of performance indicators into accounting systems, the use of budgeting as a tool for strategic planning, and the implementation of accrual accounting. These practices facilitate more nuanced understanding of the resources used in delivering services and the outcomes achieved. Moreover, the adoption of digital technologies in accounting processes enhances data accessibility and enables real-time reporting, which supports informed decision-making. Ultimately, the transformation of public sector accounting is not merely a technical change but a fundamental shift in how public organizations operate. By focusing on outcomes and accountability, this transformation encourages  more responsive and efficient public service, thereby improving the overall quality of services provided to citizens.

Digital transformation is a shift from traditional (manual) working methods to more modern and efficient ways of utilizing technology. This study aims to describe the digital transformation process in population administration services and the supporting and inhibiting factors in Banyuwangi Regency. The research method uses a qualitative approach. There are three data collection types: observation, interviews, and documentation. While the data analysis used is interactive. The results of the study show that the implementation of digital transformation in population administration services in Banyuwangi Regency has had a positive impact, especially in accelerating and facilitating access to services. Despite facing challenges such as limited technology, digital literacy, and human resource readiness, the government has taken strategic steps to overcome them. Continued infrastructure support and education programs are the key to success.    

This comprehensive mentoring and training program is designed to transform the traditional knowledge of the community in Junjangan village, Batang Tuaka District about herbal plants into contemporary health solutions. Through a comprehensive educational approach, this program aims to empower people to use herbal plants as an effective and natural alternative treatment. This mentoring includes identification of local knowledge, practical training and ongoing support to ensure appropriate and sustainable implementation. The results of this program show a significant increase in the community's understanding and skills in processing and utilizing herbal plants for health. Apart from that, this program also contributes to the preservation of traditional knowledge and improves the welfare of the people of Junjangan village, Batang Tuaka District, Riau Province. This article provides in-depth insight into the impact of the program as well as the challenges faced in this transformation process.