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Cooperative learning model is one of the models that can be used as an alternative. The use of small groups in cooperative learning makes students work together to achieve the learning objectives. The problems in this study are (1) How is the application of cooperative learning models in improving the character of self-confidence in civics subjects in class III SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) Whether the cooperative learning model can improve the character of self confidence in the subject of civics in class III. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were third grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totalling 31 students. The research data were obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student confidence test results, then the data were analysed using the percentage formula.The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 72.11% to 92.15% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 45.71% to 83.69% and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subject in cycle I by using cooperative 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II.This shows that the results of students' self-confidence in Civics subjects by using cooperative models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' confidence to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve to be better.

Cooperative learning model is one of the models that can be used as an alternative. The use of small groups in cooperative learning makes students work together to achieve the learning objectives. The problems in this study are (1) How is the application of cooperative learning models in improving the character of self-confidence in civics subjects in class III SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru (2) Whether the cooperative learning model can improve the character of self confidence in the subject of civics in class III. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this research were third grade students of SD Negeri 15 Pekanbaru, totalling 31 students. The research data were obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student confidence test results, then the data were analysed using the percentage formula.The results obtained were (1) teacher activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 72.11% to 92.15% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I by using cooperative model from 45.71% to 83.69% and, (3) student learning outcomes in Civics subject in cycle I by using cooperative 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II.This shows that the results of students' self-confidence in Civics subjects by using cooperative models show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' confidence to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve to be better.

The Active Learning method is active learning. Most practitioners and observers refer to it as a learning by doing strategy. The approach views learning as a process of building understanding through experience and information. With this approach, learners' unique perceptions, knowledge and feelings influence the learning process. The problems in this study are (1) How is student interest in learning in the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi (2) Whether the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games can increase student interest in learning multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were third grade students of SDIT Baitul Ilmi, totalling 33 students. The research data was obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student learning interest test results, then the data was analysed using the percentage formula. The results obtained are (1) teacher activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model from 87.50% to 93.75% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model 54.64% to 85.17% and, (3) the results of student learning interest in Mathematics subjects cycle I using Active Learning 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II. This shows that the results of students' confidence in Mathematics subjects using the Active Learning model show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' interest in learning to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve for the better. 

The Active Learning method is active learning. Most practitioners and observers refer to it as a learning by doing strategy. The approach views learning as a process of building understanding through experience and information. With this approach, learners' unique perceptions, knowledge and feelings influence the learning process. The problems in this study are (1) How is student interest in learning in the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi (2) Whether the application of the Active Learning learning model using smart wheel games can increase student interest in learning multiplication material of class III mathematics lessons SDIT Baitul Ilmi. This research includes Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles using quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis methods.  Each cycle consists of four stages, namely design, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were third grade students of SDIT Baitul Ilmi, totalling 33 students. The research data was obtained using teacher and student observation sheets and student learning interest test results, then the data was analysed using the percentage formula. The results obtained are (1) teacher activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model from 87.50% to 93.75% in cycle II, (2) student activity in cycle I using the Active Learning model 54.64% to 85.17% and, (3) the results of student learning interest in Mathematics subjects cycle I using Active Learning 32.25% to 83.87% in cycle II. This shows that the results of students' confidence in Mathematics subjects using the Active Learning model show very positive results. Based on the results of this study, it can increase students' interest in learning to be more active and the teacher's ability to improve for the better. 

Background: Children who experience dental and oral health problems can experience a decline in quality. At the age of elementary school children, it is necessary for business actors to maintain dental and oral health regularly, both in counseling, examinations and dental and oral health care, by parents, schools and related government agencies. Elementary school age is the ideal time to train children's motor skills, including brushing their teeth. In addition, school age has shown learning sensitivity according to children's curiosity. Objective: To provide dental and oral health education through interactive learning media to students of SDN Inpres Tamamaung 4, Makassar City in 2022. Method: This community service is carried out by providing counseling, using media, namely back and forth worksheets, animated films, and puzzle games that aim to create two-way communication and make students active. Respondents in this community service were 3rd grade students of SDN Inpres Tamamaung 4, Makassar City in 2022. Results: There were 5 respondents (25%) with a good level of knowledge before being given facilities increasing to 14 (70%), there were 5 respondents (25%) with a sufficient level of knowledge before being given facilities decreasing to 4 (20%), and there were 10 respondents (50%) with a level of knowledge before being given facilities decreasing to 2 respondents (10%). Conclusion: Community service activities with the theme "Dental and Oral Health Education Through Interactive-Based Learning Media for Students of SDN Inpres Tamamaung 4, Makassar City in 2022" have been carried out well and received a positive response from the 3rd grade students that we have filtered through screening. It was found that many students have dental and oral problems such as cavities and their lack of knowledge about how to maintain dental and oral health is due to the lack of health socialization held by the school and local health centers.

Education is a basic need that humans need. Education is an effort in the form of teaching, training and guidance to prepare students for the future. Islamic religious education is a subject developed from the basic teachings of the Islamic religion. Based on the problems above, this research has 3 objectives related to the research focus of the Application of Islamic Religious Education Values ​​in Improving Students' Independent Attitudes Through Outdoor Learning Activities at the SMP Islamic Cendekia Harapan Tunggorono Jombang. The aim of the research is to describe the application of PAI values ​​in increasing students' independent attitudes, describe the application of PAI values ​​in increasing students' independent attitudes through outdoor learning activities, supporting and inhibiting factors. In this research, researchers took a qualitative research method approach. In this research the researcher took the type of field research and descriptive research. Data collection was carried out using interviews, observation and documentation. In general, according to the opinion of the resource person above, the inhibiting factors are facilities, the condition of students, and a community environment that is less supportive. Broadly speaking, the supporting factors are the support of students and foundations.

The problem of children's reading ability in Lambangan Village, especially first to third grade SD/MI students, is a problem that requires serious attention. The implementation of the "Lambangan Melek AKsara" program is carried out in three stages, namely: preparation, implementation and evaluation. Team UNNES Giat 9 Lambangan Community Service Team uses the EGRA (Early Grade Reading Assessment) test method to assess students' reading abilities. This test was carried out twice, namely before and after the implementation of the "Literacy Symbol" program. As for the implementation of reading training, the team used the learning by playing method. In the first treatment, team UNNES GIAT 9 Lambangan team provided reading teaching) with a focus on recognizing letters and sounds. In the second treatment the focus was on developing students' ability to read and write simple words. In the third treatment, the focus of training shifted to the ability to read simple sentences and understand text. Students' reading ability has improved quite well with this program. Based on a comparison of the results of the first and second EGRA (Early Grade Reading Assessment) tests, students' reading abilities have increased quite significantly. The author hopes that this program can be implemented in other villages throughout Indonesia

This research aims to describe the implementation of the Course Review Hooray (CRH) method in teaching vocabulary and to see students' perceptions of the use Course Review Hooray (CRH) in their class. This research was based on the problem of students lack of vocabulary and  motivation in learning vocabulary. The design of this research is qualitative approach. The Participants in this research were 28 students from the fourth grade of elementary school in Jrambe, Dlanggu, Mojokerto Regency. The data was collected through observation and questionnaires. The result of the first research question is the implementation of Course Review Hooray (CRH) in the classroom. There are fourth steps for the implementatition. The first, students are instructed to form groups with a total of 5 students in each group. Second, each group is given a card that is used to collect points. Third, when the teacher throws questions related to transportation material and if anyone can answer the question, the students raise their hands,and then they answer the question. Fourth, if the group's answer is correct, then 1 group cheered together “Hooraay” and followed by teacher giving points to the group's card in the form of a stamp. The group that gets the most points will get a reward at the end of the lesson. Based on the results of student perception from the implementation of Course Review Hooray (CRH), most of students feel this method is exciting, fun, the class atmosphere becomes lively, and they understand the material better if they use Course Review Hooray because it is challenging as they should collect points and they are actively involved in the learning process.

The development of interactive education as learning in education generally has several influencing factors, such as teachers who teach experiencing difficulties in keeping up with developments in information technology, learning media support tools for teaching in institutions are still limited in their use, only a few teachers use information technology in learning media because they have the knowledge to apply it to the teaching process, then from the problems that occur, the objectives include this research, designing an application interface display concept as an innovation in the use of learning technology according to needs, then creating an augmented reality learning application about the solar system according to the design created, after knowing the objectives What will be carried out in this research is implementing the use of an augmented reality application for the solar system using the marker based tracking method, where there is 3D object scanning of each planetary object in the solar system, while testing the application on 50 students of SDN Kebon Jeruk 15 Pagi, both classes VI A and B uses the user acceptance model (UAT), from the explanation explained if it is analyzed it produces an augmented reality application that has been created regarding the Android-based solar system so that it can be concluded that the testing process can be categorized as good or not in terms of AR applications and 3D object marker flashcards for students at school.

This research aims to produce mathematics learning tools with the Guided Discovery Learning (GDL) Model which is Valid, practical, and effective to improve the mathematical problem-solving abilities of students in class VII SMP/MTsN. The Plomp model is used because it is more flexible than Plomp's other models; beside that, at each step, it contains activities development that can be adapted to the characteristics of the research. Instruments were used during the study in the form of observation sheets, interview guidelines, questionnaires, validation sheets, learning tools, and tests of mathematical problem-solving skills learners. The results of the validity test show that the GDL-based mathematics learning tool is declared valid according to the experts. The results of the practicality test show that GDL-based mathematics learning tools are practical based on teachers and students as users. The effectiveness test results show that students' learning outcomes after learning are better by showing the percentage of completeness that reaches 75.86% exceeding the specified effectiveness limit of 70%. In addition, the device is said to be effective; it can be seen from the activities of students during the learning process that it has increased. Based on the validity, practicality, and effectiveness tests, the mathematics learning tools based on GDL in the Association material for Class VII Junior High School students are valid, practical, and effective

This research is based on the problem of students who are not disciplined before and after learning begins, students are often late for class, do not pay attention to the teacher during the learning process and often make noise in class. The aim of this research is to describe 1) The learning discipline of class II students at SD Negeri 1 Towangsan, 2) The learning outcomes of class II students at SD Negeri 1 Towangsan, 3) The influence of learning discipline on the learning outcomes of class II students at SD Negeri 1 Towangsan, Gantiwarno, Klaten Regency. Lesson 2023/2024. This type of research is quantitative. Data collection techniques use questionnaires and documentation. This research took all members of the class II population of SD Negeri 1 Towangsan, totaling 13 students. Analysis techniques and use validity tests, reliability tests, descriptive statistical analysis, normality tests, linear tests, simple regression tests, and coefficient of determination tests. The results of research using descriptive statistical analysis show that student learning discipline is in the medium category with a percentage of 37% and student learning outcomes are in the medium category with a percentage of 52%. This is proven by the significance value of the simple linear test being smaller than the significance level, namely 0.001 < 0.05 and the calculated t value being greater than the X table, namely 2.706 > 1.796. The coefficient of determination is 0.400, which means that the discipline variable is able to explain 40% of student learning outcome variables, while 60% is influenced by other variables not included in this research.

The research is motivated by the fact that not all teachers use technology-based media in teaching and learning activities, especially in learning about building cube and block spaces. Teachers use more objects around students as media. This research aims to develop learning media based on augmented reality technology on classroom building materials in grade IV elementary school using a valid, practical and effective Problem Based Learning model. The type of research used in this study is development research using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate) model. The subjects of product trials and research data collection were grade IV students of SDN 08 Surau Gadang. The validation instrument used in this study is in the form of a validation sheet which aims to determine the validity or not of learning media based on Augmented Reality technology on space building materials. The analysis technique in this study uses the validity of learning media and the practicality of learning media. The results of the study show that the development of learning media based on augmented reality technology on building materials for cubes, blocks and prisms with the Problem Based Learning (PbL) model has been developed using the ADDIE development model and obtained an average result from three expert validators with a percentage of 81.33% which is included in the "Very Valid" category. The practicality of teachers' response to learning media based on Augmented Reality technology in building materials for cubes, blocks and triangular prisms in grade IV of elementary school obtained a percentage result of 90% with the very practical category at SDN 09 Surau Gadang and 96% with the very practical category at SDN 08 Surau Gadang. The results of the effectiveness test at the first meeting were obtained with a learning outcome percentage of 82.16%. Then at the second meeting, the percentage of learning outcomes increased by 88.16% at SDN 09 Surau Gadang. Then at SDN 08 Surau Gadang, the results of the effectiveness test at the first meeting were 87.19% and the results of the effectiveness test increased at the second meeting by 93%.

Education is a conscious and planned effort to increase the potential of human resources through learning activities aimed at helping students develop all their potential and personal characteristics in a better direction. (Herdiansyah et al., 2021). The learning process is expected to enable students to improve their knowledge, attitudes and skills which are very important for achieving educational goals Types of Research Classroom Action Research (PTK) is a type of research carried out by teachers in their own classes by (1) planning, (2) implementing, and (3) reflecting on actions carried out collaboratively and participatively with the aim of improving their performance as teachers and improve student learning outcomes. Classroom action research is a type of research that aims to improve the quality of learning and includes increasing knowledge about values that can ultimately be applied, as well as increasing student activity and creativity.From the results of the analysis of the results of classroom action research conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Rejotangan to improve PPKn learning outcomes for class This is indicated by a positive increase for each variable studied. The results of classroom action research show an increase in learning outcomes. Problem-based learning (PBL) in Civics subjects can improve learning outcomes. The results of the first cycle of research, with an average of 70 results, showed that only 13 students (or 32.5% of the total students) and 27 students (or 67.5% of the total students) did not reach the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) for PPKn subjects of 75% . As a result, researchers had to continue the research to cycle II. After being implemented and improved, the problem-based learning (PBL) model was used in the second cycle of relearning actions. PPKn learning outcomes increased with an average score of 86 and a classical completion rate of 100%, with 40 students completing and 0 students not yet completing. Thus, researchers do not need to continue to the next cycle because student learning outcomes have reached the expected KKM scores and criteria.                                                                                                                                                         

This research is based on the problem of students who are not disciplined in learning in the classroom due to low motivation to learn, students are lazy to do the assignments given by the teacher, students do not pay attention to the teacher during the learning process, and students play during the learning process. The purpose of this study is to describe  the influence of motivation on the learning discipline of grade II students at SD 1 Towangsan Gantiwarno, Klaten Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year. This type of research is quantitative. Data collection techniques use questionnaires, and documentation. This study took all members of the second grade population of SDN 1 Towangsan which amounted to 13 students. The analysis technique uses a simple linearity test and determination test. The results of the study using descriptive analysis showed that learning motivation was in the high category with a frequency of 9 respondents (69), medium category with a frequency of 3 respondents (23%), while in the low category with a frequency of 1 respondent (8%). Sedangkan kedisiplinan belajar pada kategori tinggi dengan frekuensi sebanyak 4 responden (40)%, kategori sedang dengan frekuensi sedang sebnyak 3 responden (30%), sedangkan dalam kategori rendah dengan frekuensi sebanyak 3 responden (30%).

This study aims to determine the strategies used by teachers in improving the quality of Fiqh learning for class I at MIN 3 Way Kanan. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The main instrument in this study is an interview guideline to identify problems that occur in the learning process. Based on the results of the study, it was found that teachers have not been consistent in implementing learning strategies, methods, and supporting media so that students have difficulty in understanding the material well. This is due to the lack of creativity and innovation of teachers in compiling and developing Learning Implementation Plans (RPP). In improving the quality of Fiqh learning, the strategies used by teachers include the implementation of student-centered learning with an inquiry approach, which can make the learning process more active and enjoyable. Teachers also need to compile RPPs creatively and innovatively, understand learning objectives, and find additional learning resources besides LKS.

This study aims to analyze the application of the Problem Based Learning method in Islamic Jurisprudence learning at MAN 1 Solok, and to identify supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study research type. Problem Based Learning is applied to improve students' creativity in thinking and building solidarity in making decisions. The results of the study indicate that the application of the Problem Based Learning method is able to form students who are creative, critical, able to solve problems through decision making based on various opinions, and respect differences. This method is also effective in increasing students' activeness, collaboration, and understanding of Islamic Jurisprudence material. Supporting factors for the implementation of this method include the availability of facilities and infrastructure, teacher creativity, and a conducive learning environment. The inhibiting factors found are students' difficulties in expressing ideas, differences in levels of understanding between students, and time constraints in the learning process.

IPAS (Social and Exact Science Education) is a subject in the Kurikulum Merdeka. This subject invite student to recognize natural anomalies by facts. However, results of the researcher's observations on the interest of 4th-grade elementary school students in learning science showed that 93.75% of students experienced difficulties in learning science, especially in the matter of changes in the state of matter and energy forms. So, based on the results of the theoretical formulation and potential problems, the researcher is interested in proposing the development of a simulation video product. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) based on 7 stages, namely, potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, and product revision due to limitations of materials, time, and manpower. After the prototype product is completed, the researcher validates the content, media, and language with 9 experts, with each having 3 validations: (Content validators, Media validators, Language validators) The test results show that 86% of the material validation, 92% of the media expert validation, and 96% of the language validation, it can be concluded that the simulation video product is very feasible to use with minor revisions. Furthermore, the researchers carried out a teacher and student readability test on the simulation video media. The scores obtained were 91,2% for teachers and 89,2% for students. So that simulation video products able as media supplements in learning.

Project-Based Learning is a learning model that uses projects as the core of learning (Permendikbud, 2014:20). This learning model is an innovative learning model that involves project work where students work independently in constructing their learning and culminating it in real products (Nanang Hanafiah and Cucu Suhana, 2009:30). Project Based Learning learning model is a learning strategy where students must build their own content knowledge and demonstrate new understanding through various forms of representation (NYC Department of Education 2009:8). characteristics of the PJBL Learning Model The Project Based Learning, learning model was developed based on the level of development of students' thinking, centered on students' learning activities so as to enable them to carry out activities according to their skills, comfort and learning interests. This model gives students the opportunity to determine for themselves the project they will work on, both in terms of formulating questions to be answered, choosing topics to research, and determining research activities to be carried out. The teacher's role in learning is as a facilitator, providing materials and work experience, encouraging students to discuss and solve problems, and ensuring students remain enthusiastic while they carry out the project.   Keywords: project-based learning model

This research aims to explain the role of the use of technology in the world of education, especially for the performance of an elementary school educator. The expertise and skills of a teaching staff or teacher in operating technological systems at this time are very important in facing challenges in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0. However, in reality there are still many teaching staff who still lack knowledge in operating technology. In fact, with the use of technology, someone can provide a more concrete picture when presenting material in the learning process. Therefore, it is necessary to implement applications for increasing skills (up-skilling) or updating skills (reskilling) of human resources in order to form competent and competent people. able to innovate optimally in their field. The method used in this research is the literature method which is based on relevant references and then interpreted using the analytical description method, which starts with collecting data systematically and consistently, which is then analyzed, selected and combined to then draw conclusions. using deductive analysis of general problems and then drawing specific conclusions. Then combined with the direct observation method, the results of observations in several elementary schools in Takalar Regency.

Mathematics is a universal science that underlies the development of modern technology, plays an important role in various scientific disciplines, and human thinking abilities. The view that mathematics is a science that trains thinking. The Creative Problem Solving learning model is a learning model that focuses on teaching and Problem Solving skills. Digital teaching materials are use digital devices, such as computers, smartphones. The aim of this research is to see the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the e-module being developed. This teaching material development model uses the ADDIE model. This research was carried out at SMP Negeri 21 Medan which is located on Jl. Rampe Raya flower. The time for the panel research is the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The subjects of this research were class VII students at SMP Negeri 21 Medan. Meanwhile, the object of this research is learning media in the form of e-modules using flipbooks based on Creative Problem Solving. The e-module was declared very valid with a score of 3.56 and was categorized as very feasible. The e-module was declared practical with a percentage of 92.67% and was categorized as very practical. The e-module was declared effective by achieving Problem Solving indicators in indicators 1, 2, 3 and 4 with 65% of students completing the learning. The achievement of classical student indicators has met 65% of students who took part in learning with a score of 75. And there was a significant increase in indicators 1, 2, 3, and 4.