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With all respect and gratitude, we express our gratitude to the presence of Allah SWT who has bestowed His grace and grace, so that we can complete a paper entitled "Development of Hear Talk Me Application Design for Deaf People Based on the Android operating system". Shalawat and salam may always be poured out to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, a role model for mankind. This paper describes the development of smarthphone aids that aim to improve accessibility for deaf people. This application is designed using the android operating system to be easily used by users with special needs. The main features included include text to voice translation and vice versa, as well as vibration notifications for incoming calls or messages. With this paper, we hope to create a useful and effective tool for deaf people to be able to access and utilize Smartphone functions maximally, hopefully this paper can provide useful insights and inspire further research in the development of accessibility technology

The study examines the theological meaning of the symbols of water, wine, and blood in the Gospel of John and their interrelation within the perspective of Catholic theology. Grounded in John’s distinctive use of symbolism as a medium of revelation, the study treats these three symbols not as isolated narrative elements but as an integrated theological sequence. The study employs a qualitative method, utilizing a literature-based approach and biblical-theological exegesis of key texts. The findings indicate that water signifies the renewal of life originating from divine grace and is closely associated with Baptism; wine expresses joy and abundance within the new covenant, finding its resonance in the Eucharist; while blood marks the culmination of divine love manifested in Christ’s redemptive sacrifice. Together, these symbols form a progressive dynamic of revelation: from renewal, to communion, and ultimately to redemption. In the light of sacramental theology, these symbols not only reveal the identity of Jesus as the incarnate Word but also mediate a concrete experience of faith within the life of the Church. Thus, the Gospel of John demonstrates that God’s salvific work unfolds in an integral and continuous manner, remaining relevant for the contemporary practice of Christian faith.  

Noken is a traditional bag made from woven or knitted plant fibers. Noken, as a native Papuan culture that has received recognition from UNESCO, is a native Papuan handicraft whose sustainability needs to be taken into account. Protection for Papuan noken is a form of preserving the community of its heirs in maintaining the level of extinction and becoming a bond between themselves and their natural life. The method used is qualitative with the data collection technique being library research, where the author examines several library sources as references in this writing. Preserving noken is not only important to maintain the continuity of Papuan culture, but also as an effort to unify the culture between more than 250 ethnic groups in Papua.

This article is the result of community service activities, with several background problems, namely: First, there is a need or desire from the administrators and members of the GKJ Purwantoro Local Youth Commission for a variety of speakers from outside the local church, in the context of Easter commemoration.  Second, there is a need to strengthen faith and commitment to Jesus, for young people in places where service activities are carried out.  The objectives that are expected to be achieved from this Community Service activity are as follows: First, to fulfill the needs of the young people of the GKJ Purwantoro for enthusiastic and firm or clear delivery of the Word of God, through a variety of lecturers or preachers from outside GKJ.  Second, so that the spirit of faith and commitment to life of you young GKJ Purwantoro can be awakened and refreshed.  The method used in delivering service material is the lecture method, while the method for presenting the results of this service is the descriptive method.  The results of this service activity are: First, faith formation material with the theme "Looking to Tomorrow with Jesus" is based on ICorinthians 15:8-11 with the main points of living according to our current status in Jesus (1Cor.15:8-11) , not wasting God's grace (1Cor.15:10a), working harder (10c).  Meanwhile, the level of satisfaction of the participants at Satisfaction level, with details: of the total 135 who attended (86.67% of the total 135 youth members) was as follows: None (0%) participants felt dissatisfied, 3 people (2 .6%) felt less satisfied, 4 people (3.42%) felt neutral, 75 people (64.1%) felt satisfied and 18 people (15.4%) felt very satisfied.

The problem of evil remains one of the most persistent and challenging issues in Christian philosophy. This paper explores the philosophical dimensions of suffering through a Christian lens, focusing on the paradox of divine goodness in the presence of moral and natural evil. Drawing from classical theodicy and contemporary Catholic thought, the study examines how the mystery of the Cross offers a unique theological and philosophical response to suffering. Special attention is given to the thought of Augustine, Aquinas, and modern Catholic philosophers such as Henri de Lubac and Josef Pieper. The paper argues that Christian philosophy does not attempt to explain away suffering but rather provides a framework in which suffering can be redemptive, meaningful, and even transformative when united with the suffering of Christ. By grounding human suffering within the narrative of salvation history, Christian philosophy affirms that evil does not have the final word. The research also reflects on the existential implications of hope, patience, and grace in enduring suffering, making a case for a distinctly Christian metaphysical response to theodicy. This study contributes to ongoing discussions in Christian existentialism, ethics, and metaphysics by reaffirming the coherence of faith and reason in addressing one of the deepest human questions.

This study examines the impact of Social Media Marketing, Celebrity Endorsement, and Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) on consumer purchase intention for Mustika Ratu beauty products in Semarang, Indonesia. The research employs a quantitative approach, with 97 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via structured questionnaires, and the analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination in SPSS. The results indicate that Social Media Marketing and E-WOM both have a positive and significant impact on consumer purchase intention. In contrast, Celebrity Endorsement was found to have a negative and insignificant effect on purchase intention. When considered simultaneously, all three variables significantly influence consumer purchase intention. These findings highlight the increasing role of digital engagement, particularly through social media platforms and online peer reviews, in shaping consumer behavior in the beauty industry. The study also points out that, despite the popularity of celebrity endorsements, their influence on purchasing decisions may not always be as impactful as digital marketing strategies and E-WOM, which appear to resonate more strongly with consumers. Additionally, the research provides valuable insights into the digital marketing strategies in the Indonesian beauty sector, particularly how local beauty brands like Mustika Ratu can leverage social media and online word-of-mouth to strengthen their market positioning. This study offers practical recommendations for businesses aiming to improve their marketing strategies by focusing on online engagement and consumer feedback, which are critical in today’s highly competitive and digitally-driven consumer environment. The findings contribute to the broader literature on the effectiveness of digital marketing in the Indonesian market and suggest potential areas for further research into consumer behavior in the beauty industry.

Community service is one of the three pillars of higher education, aiming to provide solutions to the problems faced by society, including in the aspect of economic empowerment. Panti Asuhan Kristen Tangmentoe is a non-governmental organization located in North Toraja, under the auspices of the Toraja Church. This orphanage has great potential in developing the creativity of its foster children, particularly in their skills in processing eco-friendly materials from bamboo waste. The challenge that arises is how to market the children's creative works. To ensure that these products can be enjoyed by a wider audience and generate positive economic impact, proper guidance is needed in marketing strategies. The stages implemented included product marketing training and mentoring, with evaluations conducted after each phase. This mentoring activity resulted in several positive impacts for Panti Asuhan Kristen Tangmentoe. The foster children and the orphanage staff were able to process bamboo materials into various creative products. These results not only pertained to improved skills and understanding of marketing strategies, but also included social and economic impacts on the orphanage. In terms of marketing, the training participants were able to implement the strategies taught. The products are now being marketed through social media and local e-commerce platforms, receiving positive responses from consumers.

This research explores the phenomenon of heedful challenging in organizational contexts, focusing on the role of organizational culture and leadershipstudy. The term "heedful challenging" describes proactive voice practices by lower-power staff members with the goal of enhancing innovation and corporate decision-making. The review synthesizes recent empirical studies to elucidate how supportive organizational cultures and transformational leadership styles facilitate heedful challenging, enhancing employee empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational adaptability. Key findings highlight the positive outcomes of thoughtful challenge, such as better organizational learning and decision-making procedures. Barriers such as fear of reprisals in hostile situations highlight how important it is to promote transparency and trust. The consequences for practitioners stress how crucial it is to foster inclusive cultures and use transformational leadership techniques in order to encourage employee voice activities.    

This qualitative literature review explores strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) responses to subsidiary and supplier misconduct from a network perspective within multinational corporations (MNCs). The study synthesizes findings from scholarly articles to examine how MNCs manage ethical challenges across global supply chains. Key themes include proactive CSR strategies, stakeholder engagement, governance mechanisms, and the integration of digital technologies. The review underscores the importance of ethical sourcing decisions and firm-centric CSR practices in mitigating reputational risks and fostering sustainable business practices. While acknowledging regional variations and data limitations, the review identifies opportunities for future research, including longitudinal studies and the role of emerging technologies in enhancing supply chain transparency.  

This research explores the role of Sunday school teachers in the growth and development of children at Kasih Karunia Baptist Church Simalingkar. Sunday school teachers play an important role in shaping children's character through spiritual and moral education. Creativity in teaching is the key to delivering material in a way that is interesting and relevant to children. Community service by Sunday school teachers involves children in activities that strengthen social and moral values, such as social service projects. The implementation of the Sunday School Teaching (PSM) program at this church, which is supported by IAKN Tarutung students, aims to increase religious and moral understanding, discipline, responsibility, as well as children's talents and creativity. This program also makes a positive contribution to the surrounding community. The research uses qualitative descriptive methods through interviews, observation and documentation analysis. Results showed significant improvements in children's religious understanding, discipline, responsibility and creativity, as well as a positive impact on the community. These findings emphasize the important role of creative Sunday school teachers in shaping children's character and strengthening social ties in the community.

Organic fertilizer is very important in efforts to improve soil fertility naturally and safely, in the broadest sense of being free from chemicals that are harmful to human health, therefore this organic fertilizer is very safe for consumption. This research was carried out in a housing complex on Jl. Tombak, Medan Tembung District, Medan City, North Sumatra. The research method used in this research is the experimental and observation method. The aim of this research is to determine the content of organic fertilizer made from mixed waste of onion skins and garlic skins with used rice water washing. And the results of the research that has been carried out show that the organic fertilizer that the researchers made failed due to several factors, such as perhaps there being onion skins that had rotted and should not be used and also the fermentation process time was too long, so it did not meet the required standards. Apart from that, when filtering to remove onion skin waste, the liquid fertilizer the researchers made smelled pungent and rotten.

The Great Commission was the last message that gave by Jesus to His disciples before His ascension to heaven. It is an absolute command that must do by all believers who have faith in Christ. It also must be a cornerstone for evangelical activity. Goal of the great commission's activity is to share that salvation has provided in Jesus so since that is also God's grace and love it can be felt by everyone who give response and believe. To have a correct understanding so that capable to get the conclusion based on the truth, observation using exegetical method according to excavation from the original language could be support the discovery. The main purpose of Great Commission is "to make all the nations Christ's disciple." The process to make discipleship started by mission, followed by baptizing and teaching. The phrase of "to make all nations disciple" has meaning to make all nonJewish or people who unknown God, unbelievers, and gentiles, become Christ's followers. The Lord God willing to that all nations to be His disciples. Discipleship needs an obedience to produce multiplication from the devout of disciples themselves as well. Church or believers must realize to this mission (marturia) as the main task that must be done. l. Evangelism must be done immediately and become a lifestyle of all believers. Means that evangelism must be done anytime and anywhere. When believers don't do evangelism, then it proves that they don't care about the salvation of others. And when do not care about salvation of others, hence in this case church sinned. Sinned because of disobeying the Lord's commandment.

The development of motor skills is an important aspect of children's growth, affecting physical skills, muscle coordination, and daily activities. In elementary school, motor development influences children's academic and social abilities. Rhythmic gymnastics is a structured physical activity that can enhance children's motor skills, such as strength, balance, and coordination. This study examines the application of rhythmic gymnastics to improve gross motor skills in elementary school students using literature review and digital research methods. The purpose of this research is to study the impact of rhythmic gymnastics on children's motor development through a literary research approach. The methodology used is a literature review that includes a critical analysis of various academic sources such as journals, books, and relevant articles. The results of the study indicate that rhythmic gymnastics can significantly improve children's gross and fine motor skills. Rhythmic gymnastics activities involving rhythmic movements, coordination, and balance contribute positively to children's physical and cognitive development. Furthermore, rhythmic gymnastics has also been proven effective in enhancing children's social and emotional aspects through enjoyable and structured group activities. These results highlight the importance of incorporating rhythmic gymnastics into the elementary school curriculum to support the development of gross motor skills.

Human resource planning is the first thing an organization or company must do when the company seeks better human resource management. All organizations or companies must determine their future with various different plans following current developments. Currently, changes are occurring quite rapidly, so organizations or companies must be able to keep up with the changes that are occurring quickly and precisely. Organizations or companies must be able to anticipate and adapt to change. Therefore, personnel planning is becoming increasingly important for companies, because the era of globalization, new technologies and organizational change processes overshadow organizational life repeatedly. An organization that is not supported by employees with good quantity, quality, strategy and function, of course the organization will find it difficult to maintain and develop its existence in the future, so that personal planning is successful. Human resource (HR) planning plays a crucial role in organizational success by ensuring the continuity of efficient and effective operations. In the context of globalization and rapid change, HR planning is becoming increasingly important to identify the need for quality and visionary human resources. The unique characteristics of an organization are also a focus in this abstract, where a unique business strategy can become a competitive advantage that is difficult for competitors to imitate. Evaluation of employee performance based on industry principles and the influence of organizational politics as well as a poor evaluation system on employees are also highlighted in this abstract. By understanding the critical challenges facing organizations, including in the context of globalization, HR planning can help organizations to strengthen their position in global competition and face change more adaptively.

Reading is a way to get information from something written. Reading involves recognizing the symbols that make up a language. Reading and listening are the 2 most common ways to get information. This research is a classroom action research, which is cyclical there are 4 main activities in each cycle, namely: a. Planning b. Implementation / Implementation c. Observation and Evaluation d. Results of analysis and reflection. The data analysis technique used is Content Analysis

This study aims to estimate the population in Minahasa Regency at t=7 or t=8 in 2026-2027 using a logistic population model. Based on data obtained from the Minahasa Regency Central Statistics Agency (BPS) from 2019 to 2022, it can be assumed that the capacity limit (K) = 400,000. The results of this research show that the accurate model to use in determining the estimated population of Minahasa Regency is the model with k = 0.0588644467, and the relative growth rate is 5.88% per year. Then, using the logistic method, the general form of the solution is obtained, namely P(t )=400,000/(e^(-0.0588644467t) (0.16921458)+1). Furthermore, the results obtained show that the predicted population of Minahasa Regency in 2026-2027 is 359,690 and 361,774 people.

Corruption remains a major challenge that hinders economic, social, and political progress. To overcome this problem in Indonesia, the STIE Indonesia Banking School community service team implemented an Anti-Corruption outreach program initiative targeted at Al-Falah Vocational School in Jakarta. This program utilizes a combination of interactive lectures, participatory discussions, and interesting quizzes to convey anti-corruption principles. The results of this program show a significant increase in students' understanding of corruption, its negative impacts, and the important role of integrity. These results underscore the efficacy of early anti-corruption education in cultivating a generation committed to ethical behavior and integrity and laying the foundation for a corruption-free future.

The Natuna Sea is one of Indonesia's territorial waters that borders many countries so that it is often an easy target for illegal fishing, including ships belonging to China, Vietnam and Thailand.  Not only does it harm the country's economy and local fishermen, but illegal fishing also causes damage to marine ecosystems and coral reefs, even though Indonesia as a country that ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or commonly referred to as UNCLOS has adopted rules governing this in its law. Using the Base on research method that we collected from various journals, websites, electronic scientific articles and other research reports, we attempt to (1) analyse the effectiveness of UNCLOS in addressing maritime issues such as illegal fishing (2) to determine the compliance of UNCLOS ratifying countries involved in illegal fishing cases in the Natuna Sea seen from green politics theory and Robert B. Mitchell's compliance theory. Mitchell's compliance theory.  The results we found are that the entry of ships belonging to China, Vietnam and Thailand into the Natuna Sea shows the ineffectiveness of UNCLOS and the lack of compliance of the ratifying countries.    

Understanding the concept of Justification by Faith is crucial for Christians, as it enables them to gauge their comprehension and application of this doctrine in their lives. Many Christians have yet to fully grasp this foundational aspect of their faith. This study aims to elucidate the true significance of Justification by Faith by comparing the perspectives of Paul and James, which at first glance, seem contradictory. This research employs a literature review approach, involving the identification, classification, and analysis of relevant literature on the topic of Justification by Faith according to Paul, James, and Calvin. The study involves a hermeneutical analysis of biblical texts, a comparison of theological perspectives, and a systematic organization of findings. Paul asserts that justification occurs through faith, independent of works, as an act of God's grace (Romans 3:28, 4:5). The law reveals human sinfulness and the need for divine justification through faith in Christ. James emphasizes that genuine faith is demonstrated through works (James 2:24). He argues that faith without works is dead and insists on the necessity of works as evidence of true faith. Calvin integrates both perspectives, emphasizing that justification by faith is inseparable from the process of regeneration by the Holy Spirit. He views faith as a gift from God that leads to good works, the fruit of genuine faith. Justification by Faith is an act of God that can only be achieved through His grace and the sacrifice of Jesus Christ (Romans 4:5; 5:6). Faith is rooted in the truth of God's revelation in Christ, culminating in belief in His crucifixion and resurrection. Both Paul and James agree that faith and works are essential in a genuine response to God, with good works being the inevitable result of true faith. This study underscores the interconnectedness of faith and works, aligning with Martin Luther's assertion that good works are the fruit of righteousness. The comprehensive understanding of Justification by Faith involves recognizing it as a divine act that provides hope for salvation through faith, a gift from God facilitated by the Holy Spirit (Ephesians 2:8; Galatians 5:22).  

This research aims to examine the effect of a literacy programs the critical thinking skills of fifth grade students at SDN 064873 Bhayangkara, Percut Sei Tuan District. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a pre-experimental design using a one-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 20 fifth grade students were the subjects of this research. Data was collected through a pretest and posttest consisting of 20 multiple choice questions. The research results showed that after being given treatment in the form of a literacy program by reading non-learning story books for 15 minutes before learning, there was a significant increase in students critical thinking abilities. The average posttest score (84) has increased significantly compared to the average pretest score (54), with a difference of 30. These results indicate that literacy programs can contribute positively to improving students critical thinking abilities. Therefore, there is a need to emphasize the development of literacy programs in the educational context to improve the quality of education and produce students who have better critical thinking skills.