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Academic stress is a condition of psychological strain that arises when academic demands are perceived to exceed an individual’s capacity to cope. In this context, university students frequently use entertainment related to public figures as an emotion-focused coping strategy, one of which is celebrity worship. This study aimed to describe the level of academic stress among students who engage in celebrity worship. A descriptive quantitative design was employed, with purposive sampling of 230 active university students aged 18–25 years. Data were collected using the Perception of Academic Stress Scale (PASS) and the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS). The results indicated that the respondents’ mean academic stress score was relatively high (M = 46.05; SD = 8.38), and the level of celebrity worship was also relatively high (M = 86.10; SD = 15.89). Categorization showed that most students were in the moderate academic stress category (47.0%), followed by high (30.0%) and low (23.0%). For celebrity worship, most respondents were categorized as moderate (49.6%), followed by high (29.6%) and low (20.9%). Crosstab analysis suggested an increasing proportion of high academic stress as celebrity worship levels increased; notably, the high celebrity worship category was dominated by high academic stress (67.6%). Group difference testing also revealed significant differences in academic stress by gender (p < 0.05), with female students tending to report higher stress levels. These findings indicate that celebrity worship may serve as an emotion-focused coping mechanism, yet it may also become a source of distraction when the attachment is excessive. The implications highlight the importance of fostering adaptive coping strategies and time management skills among students to manage academic stress more effectively.

Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of a baby's life is an important effort in improving children's health and growth and development. However, the success of exclusive breastfeeding still faces various challenges, one of which is influenced by socio-cultural factors that develop in society. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between socio-cultural factors and the success of exclusive breastfeeding at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital In 2025. This study used a quantitative method with an analytical observational cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of mothers with infants aged 6–9 months at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital. The sample size was 96 respondents, obtained using the Lemeshow formula with total sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a sociocultural questionnaire and an exclusive breastfeeding success questionnaire. Data analysis was performed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square test. Based on the chi-square test results, a p-value of <0.001 was obtained, meaning that the p-value was <α (0.05), so it can be concluded that there is a relationship between sociocultural factors and the success of exclusive breastfeeding at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital in 2025.

Hypertension is a condition characterized by systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension showed an increasing trend in 2018, reaching 34.1% based on national survey data. Effective control of hypertension is essential to prevent long-term complications and acute cardiovascular events. Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication can increase cardiac workload. In addition to adherence to pharmacological therapy, unhealthy dietary patterns also contribute to the rising prevalence of hypertension. Therefore, adequate health literacy is required to support patients with hypertension in maintaining regular medication use and adopting healthy lifestyle changes, particularly in dietary management. To determine the relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns, as well as medication adherence among patients with hypertension. This study employed a non-experimental descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 113 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires with ordinal scales and analyzed using the Gamma test. The results showed a p-value of 0.00 (<0.05) with correlation coefficients of R = 0.982 and R = 1.000, indicating a positive and very strong relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns, as well as medication adherence. There is a positive and very strong relationship between health literacy and dietary patterns and medication adherence among patients with hypertension.

The dominance of Western management paradigms in global leadership studies has created homogeneous standards that are less sensitive to non-Western cultural values, while the decolonization of management calls for more contextual, inclusive, and locally-informed approaches. This study aims to analyze the concept of cross-cultural leadership within the framework of management decolonization, identify critiques of Western leadership models, and formulate a conceptual framework for global leadership based on non-Western values. The approach employed is qualitative, drawing on literature review and thematic synthesis of academic publications, international reports, and policy documents relevant to leadership practices in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The findings reveal that cross-cultural leadership emphasizes collectivism, social harmony, relationality, spirituality, and the integration of local values into decision-making, which significantly diverges from the individualistic and transformational models dominant in the West. These findings underscore the need to reconstruct global leadership standards to be more pluralistic, culturally sensitive, and adaptive to the diversity of multinational organizations. Conceptually, this article contributes an alternative framework for global leadership studies, providing a foundation for managerial practices that respect local cultural values, and offering implications for curriculum development in management education and organizational policies that support inclusivity and sustainability in cross-cultural environments. The abstract reflects the study’s contribution to expanding the literature on cross-cultural leadership through decolonial and indigenous leadership perspectives. Keywords: Cross-cultural leadership, Manajemen decolonization, Non-Western global standards, Indigenous leadership, Postcolonial management, Local cultural values

Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) remain a major global challenge in healthcare services, contributing significantly to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Nurses’ compliance with the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a critical component in infection prevention and control programs. Supervision by Infection Prevention and Control Nurses (IPCNs) is considered a key factor in improving compliance. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between IPCN supervision and nurses’ compliance with PPE usage in inpatient wards at Grha Permata Ibu Hospital, Depok, in 2025. This study employed a quantitative approach using a correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional method. The population consisted of all 56 nurses working in four inpatient wards, and total sampling was applied. Data were collected using a structured IPCN supervision questionnaire and direct observation checklists of PPE compliance. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. The results revealed that most respondents perceived IPCN supervision as moderate (58.9%), while the majority demonstrated compliance with PPE usage (62.5%). Bivariate analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between IPCN supervision and PPE compliance (p = 0.001). Nurses receiving high-level IPCN supervision were 33.85 times more likely to comply with PPE usage compared to those receiving moderate supervision. In conclusion, IPCN supervision plays a crucial role in enhancing nurses’ compliance with PPE usage. Strengthening IPCN supervisory functions through structured monitoring, continuous education, and consistent evaluation is strongly recommended to improve patient and healthcare worker safety and to reduce the incidence of HAIs in hospital settings.

Modern urban churches, specifically Gereja Bethel Indonesia (GBI) PRJ Jakarta, face challenges in bridging the intergenerational gap in leadership regeneration. This research aims to reformulate the paradigm of church leadership towards the next generation by exploring the theological meaning of Jesus' act of washing His disciples' feet based on the text of John 13:12-17. Using a qualitative method through a library research approach as well as textual and contextual biblical analysis, this study deconstructs the concept of worldly elitist power into a servant leadership model. The results of the expository analysis show that Jesus validated His historical and political authority not through social status distance, but through incarnational ministry, relational proximity, and role modeling. As a practical implication for the quality of ministry at GBI PRJ Jakarta, these findings recommend a strategic transition from a one-way communication leadership style to relational mentoring, the empowerment of the younger generation through the delegation of authority, and the tangible modeling of integrity. In conclusion, the improvement of shared ministry quality highly depends on the willingness of church leaders to lay aside structural egos and disciple the younger generation through the example of humility centered on the work of the cross of Christ.

This study aims to analyze e-commerce strategies in selecting applicable law and jurisdiction to avoid conflicts of jurisdiction in cross-border transactions. This study employs a normative legal method using legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches to analyze the selection of applicable law and jurisdiction in cross-border e-commerce transactions. The data used consists of primary and secondary legal materials collected through a literature review. The analysis was conducted qualitatively using descriptive-analytical and legal interpretation methods, as well as deductive reasoning to formulate strategies for minimizing jurisdictional conflicts. The research findings indicate that the application of the principle of freedom of contract, combined with international instruments and digital technology, can serve as an effective strategy for e-commerce actors to minimize jurisdictional conflicts and litigation risks. This strategy not only provides legal protection, particularly for SMEs, but also enhances the trust of global partners and competitiveness in the international market through the use of clear contract clauses, hybrid forums, and technological support such as blockchain and ODR.

Bali, as an international tourism destination, serves as a space for cross-cultural interactions that require effective communication skills, particularly in the hospitality sector. Hotel Masa Inn serves predominantly international guests, requiring front office staff to adapt to cross-cultural communication. This study aims to analyze the process of cross-cultural communication adaptation between Hotel Masainn employees and international guests through the perspective of Willingness to Communicate (WTC). A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using observation, structured interviews, and document analysis. Informants were selected purposively from front office staff. The findings indicate that communication adaptation is carried out through basic English proficiency, the use of nonverbal communication, active interaction, and intrinsic motivation to improve language skills. However, this process also faces challenges in the form of communication anxiety and situational pressure, particularly when dealing with repeater guests. Within the WTC framework, employees’ willingness to communicate is influenced by self-confidence, motivation, anxiety, and interactional context, which collectively contribute to service quality and international guest satisfaction.  

Indonesia's maritime security faces increasingly complex challenges due to the rise of hybrid threats that combine traditional and non-traditional elements. One of the main threats is the shadow fleet, operating covertly with unregistered ships, evading detection, and exploiting weaknesses in maritime surveillance to engage in illegal activities such as smuggling, illegal transshipment, and unlawful exploitation of natural resources. This phenomenon exacerbates Indonesia's maritime security situation, particularly in strategic areas like the Natuna Sea and the Sunda Strait, which are vulnerable to geopolitical conflicts and overlapping territorial claims. Additionally, transnational crimes such as piracy, drug trafficking, and human trafficking further undermine security in Indonesian waters. To address these threats, Indonesia needs to strengthen its maritime surveillance capacity by adopting advanced technologies such as early detection sistems and the Automatic Identification Sistem (AIS), as well as enhancing coordination between maritime agencies like Bakamla and the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) to improve responses to harder-to-detect threats. Moreover, international cooperation with neighboring countries and regional maritime organizations like ASEAN must be bolstered to tackle cross-border threats. Strengthening surveillance, modernizing technology, and fostering more integrative maritime diplomacy will be crucial in safeguarding Indonesia's maritime sovereignty and ensuring the stability of this increasingly strategic maritime region.

The establishment of national territorial boundaries is a strategic priority to safeguard sovereignty, maintain security stability, and strengthen bilateral relations between Indonesia and Malaysia as well as Timor-Leste. As of 2024, there remain nine Outstanding Boundary Problems (OBP) with Malaysia and two unresolved segments with Timor-Leste. These issues stem from the continued relevance of outdated colonial agreements, limited diplomatic capacity, weak inter-agency coordination, and minimal support from modern surveying technology. Based on an analysis of four policy alternatives using the criteria of effectiveness, efficiency, and long-term impact, the Strengthening of Intensive Bilateral Diplomacy has been identified as the priority policy. Implementation is directed to the Badan Nasional Pengelola Perbatasan (BNPP) as the main coordinator, supported by regulatory frameworks, diplomatic resources, and cross-ministerial/institutional coordination. Through this strategy, the resolution of pending boundary segments can be accelerated, legal certainty over national territory can be strengthened, security stability in border areas can be improved, and bilateral relations can become closer. Furthermore, Indonesia needs to strengthen diplomatic strategies, leverage technology, and enhance inter-agency coordination to accelerate the resolution of national border disputes. This policy directly contributes to achieving territorial sovereignty and sustainable development toward Indonesia Vision 2045.

The development of financial technology has led to the emergence of cryptocurrency as a decentralized digital instrument that enables fast and cross-border financial transactions. While this technology offers efficiency and flexibility in digital financial activities, it also creates opportunities for misuse in various forms of crime, including terrorist financing. This study aims to analyze the use of cryptocurrency as a means of financing terrorist activities in Indonesia, examine the existing legal framework governing terrorist financing, and identify the challenges faced in law enforcement. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The findings indicate that the use of cryptocurrency as a medium for terrorist financing still fulfills the elements of a criminal offense as regulated under Law Number 9 of 2013 concerning the Prevention and Eradication of Terrorism Financing. However, the characteristics of cryptocurrency, such as anonymity, decentralization, and cross-border transactions, create significant challenges in the processes of evidence gathering, transaction tracing, and identification of perpetrators. In addition, there is a regulatory gap between the recognition of crypto assets as economic commodities and the supervision of their potential misuse for terrorist financing. Therefore, stronger regulations are needed to explicitly integrate crypto assets into the terrorist financing prevention regime, along with improving the capacity of law enforcement agencies in blockchain transaction analysis and strengthening international cooperation to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement in the digital economy era.

This study aims to examine the service performance of the Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection Agency (DPPPA) of Gorontalo Regency in handling cases of violence against children. The study focuses on addressing the service performance from several aspects; (a) productivity, (b) service quality, (c) responsiveness, (d) responsibility, and € accountability. This study was conducted based on the persistently high number of cases of violence against children, which require effective, responsive, and accountable public service handling from the local government. This study employed a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques included observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that service productivity is fairly good, as reflected in a clear case-handling flow, though it remains constrained by limited human resources and cross-sector coordination. Service quality is considered positive in terms of empathetic attitudes and the availability of private service spaces; however, the quality of physical facilities and the availability of professional personnel still need improvement. Officers’ responsiveness is relatively quick at the initial stage, but follow-up information on cases is not consistently provided. Responsibility for implementing procedures is in accordance with standard operating procedures, although completion times are often lengthy. Meanwhile, administrative accountability functions well, but the transparency of information to victims still needs to be strengthened.

This study aims to describe and analyze the understanding of the faithful and the implementation of Eucharistic liturgical gestures at Saint Christopher Parish, Siborongborong. Liturgical gestures such as the sign of the cross, standing, sitting, kneeling, and striking the chest are essential elements of active participation in the Eucharistic celebration. These gestures are not just physical actions but carry profound spiritual significance. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the faithful’s understanding of the symbolic meaning of these gestures remains limited, which leads to a tendency to perform them mechanically without deep spiritual reflection. This lack of understanding results in a disconnect between the physical actions and their intended spiritual effects. Nevertheless, in practice, the faithful generally follow these gestures in accordance with the liturgical norms of the Church. Therefore, the study emphasizes the need for continuous and contextual liturgical formation programs. These programs should aim to deepen the awareness and spiritual engagement of the faithful in the Eucharistic celebration, ensuring that the gestures are not just performed but fully understood and internalized.

Healthcare is an integral part of health development in Indonesia, which aims to optimally improve public health. Hospitals, as healthcare facilities, are required to provide quality, safe, and patient-centered services. Service quality is a key indicator of service success, as good service impacts patient satisfaction. One of the most important services in hospitals is obstetrics, which directly relates to maternal and infant health, making patient satisfaction a crucial aspect. Midwives, as professional healthcare workers, play a strategic role in providing comprehensive, sustainable, and patient-centered midwifery care. This study aims to analyze the influence of healthcare facilities and midwife performance on patient satisfaction through service quality. The method used is a quantitative study with an analytical approach and a cross-sectional design. The results of the multiple linear regression test indicate that midwife performance has a more dominant influence on service quality than healthcare facilities. Meanwhile, regarding patient satisfaction, service quality is the most dominant factor, followed by midwife performance and healthcare facilities. The conclusion of this study is that service quality reflects the overall patient experience and is a key factor in improving patient satisfaction.

Meningitis is a serious infectious disease that can be prevented through vaccination; however, the vaccination process often causes anxiety in patients, especially during the pre-procedure phase. Uncontrolled anxiety can affect patient readiness and comfort. Therapeutic communication by nurses is one intervention that has the potential to reduce this level of anxiety. This study aims to determine the relationship between nurses’ therapeutic communication and the anxiety levels of patients prior to meningitis vaccination at Pambalah Batung Amuntai Regional General Hospital. This study used a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 107 respondents selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data on therapeutic communication were collected using an observation sheet, while anxiety levels were measured using the DASS questionnaire (anxiety subscale). Data analysis was conducted using univariate and bivariate methods with the Chi-Square test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most therapeutic communication was in the good category, and patient anxiety levels were predominantly in the normal category. Statistical test results indicated a significant relationship between nurses’ therapeutic communication and patient anxiety levels (p = 0.000 < 0.05). The better the therapeutic communication provided, the lower the patient’s anxiety level. In conclusion, nurses’ therapeutic communication plays an important role in reducing patient anxiety prior to meningitis vaccination and needs to be optimized in nursing practice.

School snacks are one of the food sources commonly consumed by elementary school children; however, they are at risk of microbiological contamination if not properly managed. One of the pathogenic bacteria that can contaminate food is Salmonella, which can cause diarrheal disease. This study aimed to analyze hygiene and sanitation factors of food handlers on Salmonella bacterial contamination in pentol snacks at elementary schools in Palang District, Tuban Regency. This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 20 pentol vendors and 20 pentol snack samples. Data were collected through observation using a hygiene and sanitation checklist and laboratory examination to detect the presence of Salmonella bacteria. Data analysis was initially planned using the Chi-square test; however, due to homogeneous results, the analysis was conducted descriptively. The results showed that most vendors had good hygiene and sanitation (85%) and sufficient (15%). Laboratory examination results showed that all pentol snack samples (100%) were negative for Salmonella bacteria. In conclusion, pentol snacks at elementary schools in Palang District were microbiologically safe from Salmonella contamination.

Problems: Based on data from the Batam City Health Office, the 3 Community Health Centers with the highest incidence of anemia include Sei Panas 15.7%, Sambau 10.24%, Nongsa 8.24%. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal age and parity with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Sei Panas Batam City in 2024. Methods: This study used a descriptive correlation research design with a cross-sectional research design. The sampling technique used was Non Probability Sampling. Respondents in this study were 66 pregnant women. Results: Based on the Chi- Square test, the age variable obtained a P-value of 0.000 (ρ <0.05) and the parias variable with a P-value of 0.000 (ρ>0.05). This study shows that there is a relationship between age and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women and the relationship between parity and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Sei Panas Batam City in 2024. Conclusion: there is a relationship between age and parity of mothers with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Suggestion: It is hoped that prospective mothers understand the ideal safe age and parity in preparing for a healthy pregnancy in order to avoid anemia during pregnancy. And pregnant women must be diligent in consuming Fe tablets and also make 6 ANC visits during pregnancy so that pregnant women's health is monitored, especially their Hb levels.

Smoking behavior is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension, with hypertension prevalence generally increasing alongside higher cigarette consumption and longer smoking duration. Research on hypertension prevalence among productive-age smokers in Indonesia using national-scale data remains scarce in Indonesian publications. This study aims to analyze factors influencing hypertension among productive-age smokers in Indonesia in 2015, utilizing data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2015. The research employs a quantitative design with an analytical observational approach using a cross-sectional study. The sample comprises 10,677 productive-age smokers in Indonesia, selected via multi-stage random sampling across 32 provinces in 2015. Independent variables include age, gender, employment status, work region, cigarettes smoked, smoking duration, and daily cigarette consumption, while the dependent variable is hypertension. Hypertension prevalence among productive-age smokers in Indonesia in 2015 reached 8.53%, with significant predictors including age ≥36 years, female gender, employment status, smoking intensity of 21–30 or >31 cigarettes/day, and smoking duration >16 years—reflecting multifactorial interactions of biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors. Accordingly, recommendations include routine screening at primary health centers for at-risk groups, tobacco control programs based on dose-duration, economic empowerment for the unemployed, intensive screening with lifestyle counseling by healthcare providers, and longitudinal designs for future causal studies.

Iced tea is a popular beverage due to its accessibility and affordability. However, poor hygiene and sanitation practices can lead to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, which can potentially cause foodborne diseases. Sanitation practices, including cleanliness of vendors, equipment, and processing facilities, play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of beverages consumed by the public. The research method used was a quantitative study with an observational analytical design using a cross-sectional approach. Total sampling was used, with 21 iced tea vendors as the sample. The independent variable in this study was sanitation hygiene, while the dependent variable was Escherichia coli bacterial contamination in iced tea. The results of the study conducted on 21 respondents showed that iced tea drink sellers with qualified sanitation hygiene practices with a total of 10 respondents, 8 samples of iced tea drinks were negative for Escherichia Coli and 2 samples of iced tea drinks were positive for Escherichia Coli. While iced tea drink sellers who did not meet the requirements for sanitation hygiene practices were 11 respondents, with 11 samples of iced tea drinks positive for Escherichia Coli bacteria. After being analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 24 Application, a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05) was obtained, so H1 was accepted, it was concluded that there was a relationship between sanitation hygiene and Escherichia Coli bacterial contamination of iced tea drinks. Based on the description above it can be concluded that the low sanitation hygiene practices carried out by iced tea drink sellers can increase the risk of Escherichia Coli bacteria contamination in drinks and will affect the quality and safety of drinks that will be consumed by the public.

This article examines pneumatological methods and spiritual practices across three Pentecostal seasons: Classical Pentecostalism, Charismatic, and Neo-Charismatic. It highlights the importance of these three movements within the framework of the development of the Pentecostal-Charismatic Church in Indonesia. This research begins with the observation that scholars continue to use the terms Pentecostal, Charismatic, and Neo-Charismatic overlappingly, despite their unique theological and practical emphases. This article presents a critical-comparative literature review on baptism in the Holy Spirit, speaking in tongues and spiritual gifts, forms of spirituality, interdenominational relations, theological risks, and ecclesiological implications. The research finds that Classical Pentecostalism emphasizes baptism in the Holy Spirit and speaking in tongues as the primary evidence, Charismatics extend Spirit-led activities toward cross-denominational renewal, while Neo-Charismatics place additional emphasis on power, miracles, healing, spiritual warfare, and success in life. The contribution proposed in this article is a theological typology that can be used for critical reading of Pentecostal-Charismatic practices in Indonesia while still appreciating the richness of the experience of the Spirit. This typology can help churches consider experience, Scripture, Christian character, and ecclesiastical institutional accountability in a more balanced way.