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This study aims to analyze the influence of product quality, social media promotion, and location on consumer purchasing decisions at Toko Aulia Lebaksiu Tegal. The research background stems from the growing retail competition that requires business owners to thoroughly understand consumer behavior. The research employs a quantitative approach with a causal research design. The sample consists of 100 respondents who are consumers of Toko Aulia, selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that all three independent variables—product quality, social media promotion, and location—have a positive and significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions. The coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.68 reveals that 68% of the variation in purchasing decisions can be explained by these three variables, while the remaining 32% is influenced by other factors outside the model. Partially, social media promotion has the most dominant influence among the variables. These results highlight that improving product quality, utilizing social media effectively, and choosing a strategic location are key factors in developing marketing strategies that enhance consumer purchasing decisions in the local retail sector.

This study examines the application of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in Natural and Social Sciences education to enhance environmental awareness among fifth-grade students at SDIT Wihdatul Ummah in Makassar City. The background of this research stems from the low environmental awareness observed among students, evidenced by behaviors such as littering, lack of concern for energy conservation, and minimal participation in school cleanliness activities. The study aimed to improve students' environmental consciousness by implementing the PjBL model, where students were tasked with creating environmental awareness posters. The research used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method, which was carried out in two cycles, each consisting of three meetings. The stages of PjBL involved determining essential questions, project planning, scheduling, project implementation, result testing, and evaluation of experiences. Data collection was done through observations, attitude questionnaires, and documentation of student activities. The findings showed that the PjBL model successfully increased students' active participation, creativity in expressing environmental awareness through posters, and their practical actions toward environmental protection. The environmental awareness indicators, such as maintaining cleanliness, managing waste, conserving energy, understanding waste disposal systems, and using cleaning tools, significantly improved from Cycle I to Cycle II. The results indicate that the PjBL model is effective in enhancing environmental awareness while making the learning process more engaging and contextual for elementary school students.

Bajakah stem (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) is one of the plants often used as traditional medicine. This plant is often used by the people of the interior of Kalimantan as a traditional medicine. The Dayak people know the bajakah stem plant as a medicine to increase stamina and cure various diseases, boiled water from bajakah stems can be used to cure diarrhea, dysentery, aches and pains, wounds, and other diseases and is even considered to cure cancer. This study aims to identify saponin compounds in ethanol extracts and n-hexane fractions of bajakah tampala stems (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the thin layer chromatography profile shows that the ethanol fraction produces seven spots with varying Rf values ​​(0.93; 0.80; 0.77; 0.75; 0.68; 0.63; and 0.56). Meanwhile, the n-hexane fraction only produced three spots with narrower Rf values ​​(0.56, 0.68, and 0.63). The comparison compound, sapogenin, had an Rf value of 0.98. This study concluded that ethanol was more effective than n-hexane in extracting bioactive compounds, especially saponins

The community service program activities that have been carried out are related to ecoprint techniques, which involve printing using natural materials such as leaves, flowers, and plant stems to produce patterns or motifs on fabric media. This training activity aims to enhance the knowledge and skills of the young girls in Bintungan Nagari, so they can be creative and innovative through ecoprint techniques. It provides knowledge and broadens their understanding of how to utilize the natural potential available in the environment around Bintungan Nagari. This training also aims to create environmentally friendly products to foster a healthy and clean environment. The hope for this activity is to have a positive impact on improving the knowledge and skills of young girls as the generation that brings about change. The training uses an approach of counseling, demonstration, training, and mentoring, along with evaluation. The results of the training program indicate a high level of enthusiasm from the participants, with knowledge and skills acquired, they have been able to produce sheets of fabric with unique motifs from the ecoprint technique. This has opened up space for participants to generate new ideas and create interesting motif patterns from natural materials. The products produced not only serve as a medium of expression but also have the potential to be developed as environmentally friendly, local creative products.

This research stems from the problem of manual book lending management in libraries, which often leads to obstacles such as delays in recording, data errors, and difficulties in monitoring collections. The main objective of this research is to design and develop a web-based library information system that can facilitate member data management, borrowing, and returning, as well as providing real-time book availability information. The method used is software development with a structured approach, through the stages of needs analysis, design, implementation, and testing with black box testing. The results of the study indicate that the system built is able to meet user needs, as evidenced by the successful testing that carried out all main functions without errors. The implications of this research are increased efficiency in library management and ease for students in borrowing and checking book availability. However, this research still has limitations in advanced features such as integration with the attendance system or automatic fine payments, so that these can be developed in future research.

Antioxidants are substances that can inhibit oxidation caused by free radicals. Flavonoids are effective natural antioxidants due to their unique chemical structure. Both have a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an aromatic ring. This hydroxyl group can donate hydrogen or electrons to free radicals. Clove stems (Syzygium aromaticum (L.)) are known to possess bioactive compounds, including flavonoids like quercetin and kaempferol, which act as antioxidants in protecting cells from free radicals. Maceration is a commonly used extraction method to obtain therapeutic compounds from plants. The process involves soaking the finely or coarsely ground plant material in a solvent (liquid thinner) in a closed container. Fractionation is a method for separating chemical components in an extract based on differences in their polarity or solubility. This process uses two immiscible solvents. This study is an experimental research aimed at determining the total flavonoid content (TFC) and the IC50​ value of the antioxidant activity present in the ethanol extract and fractions of clove stems (Syzygium aromaticum (L.)) using the ABTS method. The tests utilized maceration extraction with 96% ethanol as the solvent, and liquid-liquid fractionation using N-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water as solvents, along with UV-Vis spectrophotometry analysis. The results showed that the highest flavonoid content was in the ethanol extract, with a TFC value of 51.000 mgQE/g, and the highest antioxidant activity was in the ethyl acetate fraction, with an IC50​ value of 23.716 µg/mL, indicating a strong potential as a source of natural antioxidants.

Financial and accounting governance practices are a regulatory framework that aims to control financial and accounting behavior within organizations by promoting the principles of transparency, disclosure, accountability, and internal control. The importance of these practices has become more important with the increase in financial crises and corruption scandals in the last two decades, highlighting the need for stricter governance systems to protect the interests of investors and stakeholders. In the context of entrepreneurial projects, which are characterized by high levels of risk and uncertainty, the quality of financial reporting is a key factor in building trust and attracting Financing and facilitating investment decisions. This study aims to analyze the relationship between financial and accounting governance practices and the quality of financial reporting, and to measure the impact of this relationship on the chances of success of entrepreneurial projects. The importance of the study stems from the fact that it seeks to bridge a knowledge gap represented by the lack of research that has linked these variables in the startup environment in developing economies. Based on a review of the literature, the study assumes that financial and accounting governance practices positively affect the quality of financial reporting, which in turn is reflected in enhancing the sustainability of entrepreneurial projects and raising their capacity competitiveness.

This research aims to develop a web-based e-learning application at Sekolah Dasar Masehi Tanggaba by applying the Waterfall software development model. The background of this study stems from the need for interactive, flexible, and easily accessible learning media in the digital era, considering that conventional face-to-face methods are still predominantly used in schools. The Waterfall model was chosen because it provides a systematic workflow through the stages of requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Data collection was carried out through observations, teacher interviews, and documentation studies to identify the actual needs of users.The results of this study produced an e-learning application with key features, including learning material management, interactive quizzes, discussion forums, and automated assessment. Teachers can upload structured materials and assignments, while students can access learning content, complete exercises, and interact through forums more flexibly. System testing was conducted using the black box method to ensure that each function runs according to user requirements and specifications. Based on the testing results, the application was proven to function properly, be practical to use, and effective in supporting the learning process. Teachers found it helpful in managing materials and assignments, while students experienced more independent and interactive learning that was not limited to the classroom. Therefore, the developed e-learning application can be considered valid, practical, and effective as a supporting learning medium in elementary schools and has the potential to improve learning quality in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the influence of organizational performance and employee competency on the achievement of the vision and mission of Universitas Buana Perjuangan (UBP) Karawang. The research background stems from the importance of synergy between effective organizational governance and the quality of human resources in realizing the strategic direction of higher education. The study employed a quantitative approach with a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 78 respondents, consisting of lecturers and permanent education staff at UBP Karawang. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS. The results indicate that both organizational performance and employee competency have a positive and significant influence on the achievement of the university's vision and mission, both partially and simultaneously. Organizational performance exerts a more dominant influence than employee competency, with an R² value of 0.534, indicating that 53.4% ​​of the variation in vision and mission achievement is explained by these two variables. These findings confirm that effective governance, cross-unit coordination, and the development of professional competencies and work attitudes play a crucial role in improving institutional performance. The practical implication of this study is the need to strengthen quality management and develop sustainable competencies as key strategies in realizing the vision and mission of higher education.  

This study explores the development and implementation of an Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning medium to enhance students’ understanding of tajwid at Madrasah Aliyah. The background of this research stems from the limited effectiveness of conventional teaching methods and the relatively low interest of students in learning tajwid. AR-based learning was chosen because it provides a more interactive and contextualized learning experience that actively engages learners. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The participants were Madrasah Aliyah students selected as the experimental group. The findings reveal that the AR learning medium significantly improves students’ comprehension of tajwid rules compared to traditional learning approaches. Moreover, students reported high levels of satisfaction, noting that the media was engaging, user-friendly, and capable of visualizing abstract tajwid rules in a clear and accessible manner. In conclusion, integrating AR technology into Islamic education, particularly tajwid learning, holds great potential to improve learning quality while fostering students’ motivation to explore the subject more deeply.

This research stems from the growing popularity of local tourism, including Pading Lake in Central Bangka Regency, a former tin mine developed into a tourist attraction. However, this destination still faces various management challenges, particularly in terms of attractiveness, facilities, pricing, and accessibility, which influence tourist satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of attractiveness, facilities, pricing, and accessibility on tourist satisfaction, as measured by revisit intention. The study used a mixed-method approach, collecting data through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation. The sample was determined using the Isaac and Michael formula, totaling 347 respondents from a population of 3,450 tourists. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression using the Stepwise approach. The research findings indicate that revisit intention is influenced by five variables: tourism activities, road conditions, price competitiveness, location cleanliness, and parking availability. The tourism activity variable proved to be the most dominant with the highest coefficient value, while public facilities obtained the lowest average value and need to be improved. The final regression model was able to explain 54.5% of the variation in tourist satisfaction, indicating that other factors outside this study still have an influence. These findings demonstrate the importance of tourism managers prioritizing the development of tourism activities, increasing accessibility, and providing adequate supporting facilities to increase tourist satisfaction and loyalty.

Natural Science (IPA) learning is an important foundation in developing students' scientific literacy, critical thinking skills, and scientific attitudes. However, the learning process still faces many challenges related to low learning interest, the dominance of conventional methods, and limited use of technology. This article aims to analyze the effectiveness of innovative approaches in science learning through a systematic review of 25 national and international journal articles published in 2020–2025. The systematic review method was carried out through the stages of identification, selection, data extraction, and thematic analysis. The results of the analysis show that the Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL), STEM Learning, and digital technology integration (PhET Simulation, mobile learning, gamification, blended learning) approaches have been proven to have a positive impact on learning outcomes, critical thinking skills, creativity, and student motivation. The thematic analysis resulted in four main themes: (1) strengthening critical thinking skills through PBL, (2) developing creativity and scientific literacy through IBL, (3) STEM integration to improve collaboration and scientific attitudes, and (4) utilizing digital technology for motivation and understanding abstract concepts. This study concludes that a combination of various innovative approaches is needed to make science learning more relevant to the demands of the 21st century.

This study aims to describe the implementation of an active learning model based on collaboration to improve students’ conceptual understanding in Islamic Religious Education (PAI). The background of this research stems from the low level of student engagement in the learning process, which has resulted in less optimal understanding of religious concepts. The research employed a qualitative approach with a classroom action research (CAR) design conducted in two cycles. The subjects were eleventh-grade students at a senior high school in City X. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and conceptual understanding tests. The findings revealed that the implementation of the collaborative active learning model increased students’ participation in learning activities, fostered critical thinking skills, and enhanced their conceptual understanding of Islamic Education materials. Through group discussions, problem-solving activities, and reflection sessions, students became more cognitively and affectively engaged in the learning process. Therefore, the collaborative active learning model can serve as an effective alternative strategy to improve both the process and outcomes of Islamic Religious Education learning.

This study aims to examine the concept of servant leadership based on Matthew 20:20-28 and its relevance to the leadership of pastors in the Pakpak Dairi Protestant Christian Church (GKPPD). The background of this research stems from the dynamics of church leadership, which still faces challenges in realizing the values of service, humility, and relational closeness as taught by Jesus Christ. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach, focusing on the analysis of biblical texts and literature on biblical theology, Christian leadership, and pastoral spirituality. The results of the study show that Jesus introduced a leadership paradigm that is different from the world's pattern, namely leadership that is rooted in service, sacrifice, and love. This principle requires spiritual transformation in church leaders so that their ministry reflects the character of Christ. In the context of GKPPD, the application of servant leadership is important because of the influence of local culture, which emphasizes social structure, and the congregation's need for authentic, relational, and humble leaders. This research confirms that servant leadership is not only theological but also contextual in responding to the challenges of church life, as well as providing theoretical and practical contributions in building a leadership paradigm that is in line with the Gospel and relevant to the local church today.

This research focuses on digital communication used by the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia (ORI), in building a positive reputation through the official Instagram account @ombudsmanri137. The basis of this research stems from the public's lack of understanding of ORI's duties and powers, even though this institution has a very important role in overseeing public services. The purpose of this research is to analyze the planning, implementation, and evaluation process of ORI's digital communication strategy, and to assess how effective this strategy is in shaping public perception. The method applied was a qualitative approach with a case study, which was conducted through content observation, in-depth interviews with ORI's public relations team, and collection of supporting documents. The findings show that ORI manages digital communication systematically by presenting informative, participatory, and visual content that suits the character of digital audiences. Instagram is used as an interactive platform that encourages community engagement, increases public awareness, strengthens positive image, and legitimizes the institution. This research also contributes to the development of strategic communication theory and digital public relations practices in government agencies.

Higher education in Afghanistan faces chronic challenges stemming from decades of conflict, political instability, and underinvestment. Universities operate with limited infrastructure, outdated curricula, and overcrowded classrooms, leaving students underprepared for the demands of a competitive global labor market. The COVID-19 pandemic further exposed the fragility of the sector, as efforts to shift toward online learning were hindered by poor connectivity, unreliable electricity, and insufficient institutional readiness. This study investigates the potential of e-learning combined with artificial intelligence (AI) to address these systemic limitations and to provide a sustainable pathway for educational reform in fragile contexts. Adopting a qualitative design, the study draws on documentation analysis, field observations, and semi-structured interviews with lecturers, administrators, and students in Afghan universities. The data were analyzed thematically, focusing on infrastructure barriers, institutional capacity, and perceptions of AI-enhanced e-learning. Findings highlight that while conventional e-learning platforms expanded access during emergencies, they often lacked adaptability, personalization, and effectiveness in sustaining engagement. Participants demonstrated limited technical literacy regarding AI but expressed strong interest in its potential to improve teaching efficiency, student support, and inclusiveness. The absence of coherent policy frameworks and persistent gender and geographic inequalities emerged as critical challenges to equitable implementation. This study contributes to the state-of-the-art by extending discussions of AI in education into a fragile-state context, where assumptions of stable infrastructure and governance do not apply. It also problematizes the universality of technology adoption theories, suggesting the need for adaptations that incorporate structural and socio-cultural variables. AI-enabled e-learning can partially mitigate Afghanistan's educational infrastructure deficits when implemented alongside capacity building, inclusive design, and supportive governance frameworks. These findings hold relevance not only for Afghanistan but also for other fragile states seeking innovative, equitable, and sustainable educational solutions.

This study analyzes the creative approach and communication methods employed by Afif Yulistian in creating content for his YouTube channel, PipVlog. The study's background stems from the rapid growth of digital media, which has created competition among content creators, where success is determined not only by visual appeal but also by the ability to engage with viewers. This research employed qualitative descriptive methods and collected data through observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with key informants. The findings of this study indicate that Afif Yulistian focuses on creativity by selecting everyday themes relevant to his audience's lives, maintaining a consistent upload schedule, and adapting to viral trends as strategies to maintain content relevance. His creative process encompasses pre-production, production, and post-production stages, utilizing simple narratives, light editing, and humor. In terms of communication, Afif employs a casual, familiar, and friendly style, creating a genuine impression and strengthening emotional connections with viewers. His consistent personal branding also reinforces his image as an original and relatable creator. This study concludes that PipVlog's success is supported by a combination of creative strategies and efficient communication methods. These findings provide theoretical contributions to the field of communication science, particularly regarding new media and digital content strategy. From a practical perspective, the research findings can serve as a reference for content creators and creative industry professionals in developing relevant, adaptive strategies that can sustain their presence amidst competition on digital platforms.

This study aims to analyze the satisfaction level of Generation Z visitors at the Serang City Regional Library using Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT). This theory explains that satisfaction is formed when the actual service meets or exceeds user expectations. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach with a survey technique, involving 89 respondents aged 17–28 years, selected purposively. The data were collected using a questionnaire with a 1–4 Likert scale and analyzed univariately. The results show that the majority of Generation Z visitors are satisfied with the library services, with 85.4% expressing satisfaction, while 14.6% expressed dissatisfaction. The factors contributing the most to satisfaction were staff friendliness (58.4% reported being very satisfied), room comfort (59.6% reported being very satisfied), and the availability of basic facilities such as tables, chairs, and adequate lighting. However, dissatisfaction mainly stemmed from digital facilities. About 45% of respondents stated that the Wi-Fi connection was unstable, disrupting online information access. Additionally, 60% of respondents felt that the collection of the latest books was still limited, failing to meet the academic and current trends of Generation Z. These findings highlight the importance of improving digital services, enhancing internet network quality, and expanding the collection of up-to-date and popular books. Furthermore, staff competence in digital literacy needs to be enhanced to support the increasing digital needs of users. With these measures, the library is expected to not only maintain visitor satisfaction but also improve its relevance and loyalty in the digital era.

Traditional markets play a central role in the local economic system and the social life of communities, particularly in Medan City. However, the dynamics of urbanization, competition from modern retail, and changes in consumer behavior have posed significant challenges to their sustainability. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the strategic location of traditional markets and their economic performance using a mixed-methods approach and spatial analysis. The research focuses on six traditional markets in Medan City: Petisah Market, Sukaramai Market, Beruang Market, Ikan Lama Market, Sei Sikambing Market, and Pringgan Market. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale and analyzed descriptively and correlationally, while qualitative data were gathered through field observations and in-depth interviews to interpret the socio-spatial context of each market. The key variables include accessibility, commodity diversity, and environmental comfort, which are linked to economic performance indicators such as visitor numbers, buyer loyalty, and sales stability. The results show that Petisah, Pringgan, and Ikan Lama Markets scored highest in these variables and demonstrated better economic performance. Correlation analysis identified commodity diversity as the most influential factor on economic performance, followed by environmental quality and accessibility. To strengthen the analysis, a SWOT model was also applied to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by traditional markets. This analysis reveals that the primary strengths of the markets lie in their location and social interaction, while the main challenges stem from a lack of modern management and pressure from digital markets. This study recommends development strategies based on local advantages, infrastructure modernization, market information digitalization, and cultural promotion as steps to sustainably enhance the competitiveness of traditional markets amid urban spatial changes.

Kebonagung hamlet in Sukolelo village is an area where the majority of residents cultivate bananas. The abundant banana production generates a considerable amount of waste, one of which is banana stems that are usually piled up, burned, or left to rot without further use. Therefore, this community service project aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential use of banana waste as raw material for organic compost in Kebonagung Hamlet, Sukolelo Village. The methods used in this study involved banana farmers as research subjects and banana stems as research objects, with data collection techniques including field observations, interviews with farmers, and composting experiments. Simple laboratory analysis shows that compost from banana waste contains 1.8% nitrogen (N), 0.9% phosphorus (P), and 2.3% potassium (K), making it highly potential for use as compost material. In addition, composting activities can create new jobs through the development of organic fertilizer management business units at the village level. This is in line with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 on responsible consumption and production. According to Santoso (2020), the benefits of compost include: (a) improving soil structure, (b) increasing soil water storage capacity, (c) increasing soil microbial activity, and (d) reducing dependence on chemical fertilizers. Qualitative data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing in the form of nutrient content analyzed using simple laboratory tests to determine the levels of N, P, and K. The banana waste composting process went well. In the first week, the temperature of the compost pile increased to 45°C, indicating high microorganism activity. The temperature stabilized at around 50–55°C. After the second week, the temperature decreased and stabilized close to the ambient temperature, indicating that the compost was mature.