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This study aims to test the effectiveness of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) learning model with the discussion method in the experimental class compared to the Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) combined with the lecture method in the control class in improving student learning outcomes in Economics. The method used was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test and post-test design, involving 30 grade X students in each group. The results showed that the application of PjBL with discussion provided a more significant increase in student learning outcomes compared to the IBL model with lectures. The PjBL model encourages students to be active, creative, and collaborative in learning, while the lecture method in IBL is more passive. In conclusion, the PjBL model with discussion is recommended to improve the quality of learning, in accordance with the Merdeka Curriculum approach which emphasizes interactive and contextual learning experiences.

Learning media is one of the most important things in the learning process, so innovation is needed so that the media can overcome problems that exist in schools. This study focuses on the development of interactive learning multimedia assisted by lectora inspire on the sub-element of food safety for students of SMK Kuliner Phase E. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of interactive learning multimedia assisted by lectora inspire software based on media expert tests, material expert tests and student responses. This research method uses R&D with the ADDIE development model, the process used through four stages, namely analysis, design, development and implementation. The data collection instruments used are material expert validation sheets, media expert validation sheets, and student response questionnaires. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis using a Likert scale. The results of this study show the percentage of material expert eligibility of 92%, media expert validation of 90% and student responses of 83% with very feasible criteria. Thus, interactive learning multimedia assisted by lectora inspire on the sub-element of food safety for students of SMK Kuliner Phase E that has been developed is feasible for use in learning

This research was conducted because researchers saw that PAI teachere still appilied conventional learning models during the Islamic religious education learning process. Researchers saw that many students did not play an active role during the question and answer session, and lacked the courage to express their opinions. during the learning process. The purpose of conducting this research is to find out whether there is an influence of implementing the Everyone Is Teacher Herr Active Learning Model on students' active learning in Islamic religious education at SMP N 1 Panti, Pasaman Regency. The type of research used by researchers is quasi-experimental research. The population of this research is all class VIII students, totaling 129 students. The technique used in sampling by researchers was odd semester UTS scores and then a normality test and homogeneity test were carried out and the samples were determined randomly. Data collection was carried out by researchers using a questionnaire, the analysis technique was carried out using the f-test and t-test. The results of the analysis using the f test in the experimental class had a value of 4.701 with a significance level of 0.040-0.005 so it could be concluded that there was an influence, while the results of the analysis using the t in the control class there is a t-hit value of 4.357> t-table 2.064 and a significance level of 0.000 0.05 and it can be concluded that there is differences in student activity.

Evaluation plays an important role in education and training programs. Without evaluation, we cannot know the level of success of training participants and there will also be no opportunity for improvement. Education and training evaluation is a process to obtain information and data related to the learning outcomes experienced by training participants. The evaluation program in training includes principles, models, implementation, and follow-up. This evaluation has four levels and stages, namely: the evaluation planning stage, data collection, analysis, and reporting of evaluation results. Ultimately, training evaluation is used to make decisions about the benefits of the training program, whether the program will be continued or stopped, and what needs to be improved if the program is to be continued.

This study aims to investigate the effect of using the Flipped Classroom model assisted by interactive videos on the understanding of social science concepts among fifth-grade students at SD Wujud Kasih Ungaran. The research method employed is quantitative, with the subjects being fifth-grade students. Through an experimental design, this research compares two groups: an experimental group utilizing the Flipped Classroom model and a control group employing conventional methods. The results indicate that the implementation of the Flipped Classroom model assisted by interactive videos has a positive impact on students' understanding of social science concepts. Data analysis using the Independent Sample T-Test reveals a significance value of 0.023, indicating a significant difference between the experimental and control groups at a significance level of 0.05. The average understanding score of the experimental group reached 61.61 percent, higher than that of the control group. Furthermore, the results of the Simple Linear Regression Test show an R square value of 0.547, indicating that 54.7% of the variation in students' understanding can be explained by the use of this learning model.  In conclusion, the Flipped Classroom model assisted by interactive videos significantly influences students' understanding of social science concepts, as evidenced by increased enthusiasm and motivation during the learning process. This study recommends the adoption of this model as an alternative in social science education to enhance students' understanding quality.

This research is motivated by the low level of student activity and learning outcomes in science and science learning. This research aims to increase student activity and learning outcomes in class IV SDN 02 Josenan by applying the creative problem solving (CPS) learning model. The research method used by researchers is classroom action research in collaboration with class IV teachers at SDN 02 Josenan, with a total of 29 class IV students. This research took place in 2 cycles. The techniques used in data collection are observation, tests, interviews, documentation. The research results show that implementing the Creative Problem Solving (CPS) learning model can increase student activity and learning outcomes in science and technology learning in class IV SDN 02 Josenan. Learning outcome data proves this. From cycle I to cycle II, student activity increased in cycle I by 67.42% to 83.14% in cycle II. The average score for student learning outcomes is 74.5, with the lowest score being 52 and the highest score being 97, while the percentage of completion of classical learning outcomes is 69.96%. In cycle II, the average score for student learning outcomes was 84.5, with the lowest score being 69, and the highest score being 100, and the percentage of completeness of classical learning outcomes was 89.65%.

This research aims to determine the increase in mathematical problem solving abilities in permutation material through the problem based learning (PBL) learning model. This research is classroom action research (PTK) with research subjects being students of class XI TPM 2 SMK Negeri 1 Madiun, totaling 34 students. In this research, the instruments used were problem-solving ability tests and observation sheets. In this research there are two cycles, where each cycle consists of planning, implementation, observation and reflection which follows the Lewin model procedure. In this study, the minimum learning completeness obtained was >75%. The analysis technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative which is adapted to the Hiles and Huberman technique, including data collection, data reduction, drawing conclusions and verification. The results of this research show that there is an increase in problem solving abilities using the problem based learning (PBL) learning model. This can be seen from the number of students who have achieved the very good problem solving ability category, namely 15.63% in the pre-cycle, then increasing to 25 % in cycle 1, and then increased in cycle 2, namely 53%, and in cycle 2 learning completion had reached 84.38%.  

This research aims to determine the influence of the Problem Based Learning Model on Students' Critical Thinking Ability on Ecosystem Material for Class X Students of State High School 2 Gowa. This type of research uses a quasi-experimental type of research or also called quasi-experiment with a "random pretest posttest control group" design model. There are two data collection techniques in this research, namely, test and non-test, then the data collected is analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential test analysis. The research results show that the average critical thinking ability students in the experimental class who were taught using the Problem Based Learning learning model were in the very good category with an average score of 78.52 and students' critical thinking abilities, while in the control class who were taught using the lecture method were adequate with an average score 52.55. Inferential analysis in hypothesis testing shows significant results with a sig value of 0.000 > 0.05 so that there is an influence of the Problem Based Learning learning model on students' critical thinking abilities in ecosystem material. This is also reinforced by the results of observations regarding student activity increasing.

The problems in this research are inappropriate sound production techniques, such as still using chest breathing when singing, inappropriate intonation, unclear articulation, and inappropriate phrasing or sentence breaks in songs. This research aims to determine and describe efforts to improve choir abilities in class VII2 of SMP Negeri 42 Padang using the drill method. This research is classroom action research using the Kemmis and Mc Taggart model which was carried out in two cycles, each cycle consisting of four stages, namely: a) planning, b) implementation, c) observation and d) reflection. The results of this research indicate that the use of the drill method in the choir learning process in the choir team in class VII2 of SMP Negeri 42 Padang can improve students' ability to sing in a choir. This can be proven by obtaining an average score from the singing evaluation results. The average value obtained was pre-cycle 65%, cycle I 70.23%, and cycle II 75.71%.

Credit approval prediction is one of the critical challenges in the financial industry, where the accuracy and efficiency of credit decision-making can significantly affect business risk. This study proposes an outlier detection method using the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) combined with Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to improve prediction accuracy. GMM is used to detect outliers with a probabilistic approach, allowing for finer-grained anomaly identification compared to distance- or density-based methods. Furthermore, the data cleaned through GMM is processed using XGBoost, a decision tree-based boosting algorithm that efficiently handles complex datasets. This study compares the performance of XGBoost with various outlier detection methods, such as LOF, CBLOF, DBSCAN, IF, and K-Means, as well as various other classification algorithms based on machine learning and deep learning. Experimental results show that the combination of GMM and XGBoost provides the best performance with an accuracy of 95.493%, a recall of 91.650%, and an AUC of 95.145%, outperforming other models in the context of credit approval prediction on an imbalanced dataset. The proposed method has been proven to reduce prediction errors and improve the model's reliability in detecting eligible credit applications.

Researchers argues that large language models are critical to the advancement of artificial intelligence and will play a vital role in future progress. Despite criticism and occasional bans, these models are persistent and poised to continue. This analysis delves into the potential benefits and challenges of utilising extensive language models in education, considering perspectives from both students and educators. These models' current status and applications are briefly reviewed, emphasising their use in generating educational material, increasing student engagement, and personalising learning experiences. The discussed challenges include the need for educators and students to develop skills and literacies to understand and navigate the technology and its limitations. Employing a strategic and pedagogical approach that stresses critical thinking and fact-checking is a crucial component of effectively integrating these models into educational institutions. AI applications in education often encounter additional challenges, including potential biases, the necessity for ongoing human oversight, and the risks of misuse. However, these challenges may present educational opportunities for students to become familiar with social biases, complexities, and risks associated with AI. The essay presents solutions for effectively addressing these challenges to ensure the responsible and ethical use of large language models in education.

Character education is an important aspect in the formation of individuals with superior and moral personalities. Character education aims to foster positive values, discipline, responsibility, and social concern in students in order to be able to contribute constructively to the community and the surrounding environment. One of the important factors in the success of character education in schools is the visionary leadership of the principal. This research uses a qualitative approach with a type of case study that focuses on the visionary leadership of the principal of SMA Muhammadiyah Cikelet in developing the character of students in the school environment. The data sources in this study consist of school principals as the main informants, as well as teachers and education staff as supporting informants. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. The results of the study show that the principal of SMA Muhammadiyah Cikelet has implemented visionary leadership effectively through the preparation of the school's vision and mission which is oriented towards the formation of religious character, discipline, and responsibility of students. The principal also plays a role as a motivator and role model, who is able to inspire and encourage all school residents, both teachers and students, to actively participate in creating a learning environment with character and noble character.

Family well-being is very important for the lives of individuals and communities. A happy and The problem with learning German grammar at the A2 level is that many students still struggle to understand sentence structure, especially when using the perfect tense, subordinate clauses with "weil," and the genitive case. Students often find it challenging to remember grammar rules and how to apply them in sentences. The aim of this study is to develop interactive learning media in the form of Kodular-based applications to address these issues and support learning German grammar at the A2 level. The app is designed with relevant grammar materials and uses the 4D model development method (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), which reaches only the development stage without dissemination. The app was created on the visual platform Kodular, which enables users to develop Android apps without programming knowledge. The results show that the app is an effective learning medium, with a validation score of 90 (excellent) for the material content and 92.5 (excellent) for the media aspects. With a file size of 5.08 MB, this application enables users to learn German grammar independently anytime and anywhere.

Islamic banking financing has become a crucial component of Indonesia's financial sector, providing a Sharia-compliant alternative to conventional financing. Despite its rapid growth, assessing the feasibility of Islamic banking financing remains a major challenge, particularly in terms of risk management, financial sustainability, and regulatory compliance. Previous studies have assessed financing feasibility using various methods, including the 5C approach (Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, and Conditions). However, research in this area remains fragmented, with a lack of systematic analysis of key trends, methodologies, and influencing factors. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to synthesize and analyze existing research on the feasibility of Islamic banking financing in Indonesia. The review covers studies published between 2020 and 2022, focusing on research distribution, analytical techniques, and key determinants affecting financing feasibility. The findings reveal that most studies emphasize credit risk assessment, financial literacy, and regulatory frameworks, but lack a unified approach to measuring feasibility. Furthermore, this study highlights gaps in the application of digital technologies, such as big data and machine learning, that can be used to strengthen the financing eligibility assessment system. The application of these technologies not only improves the accuracy of risk predictions but also enables Islamic banking institutions to reach more customers, particularly MSMEs and the informal sector, which have historically been underserved. The results of this study provide valuable insights for Islamic financial institutions, regulators, and researchers, highlighting the need for integrated risk assessment models, a better regulatory framework, and enhanced financial literacy initiatives to strengthen Islamic banking financing in Indonesia. This research contributes to the development of a more structured and comprehensive framework for evaluating financing eligibility, ensuring sustainable growth and financial inclusion in the Islamic banking sector.

The global clean water crisis is exacerbated by significant losses in water distribution networks (WDNs), resulting in inefficient use of both water and energy resources. Traditional methods of leak detection and pressure management often fail to address these inefficiencies, leading to substantial water wastage and high operational costs. This research aims to design a sustainable, smart water distribution system using advanced technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) for leak detection and automated pressure control. The system employs real-time monitoring through IoT sensors, which continuously gather data on water pressure, flow rates, and other critical parameters. This data is analyzed using various ML algorithms, including supervised and unsupervised learning models, to detect anomalies indicative of leaks. Additionally, the system integrates automated pressure control mechanisms that dynamically adjust pressure to prevent over-pressurization, reducing both water loss and energy consumption. By combining leak detection and pressure control, the proposed system offers a more efficient, sustainable solution to water resource management compared to traditional methods. The expected outcomes include a significant reduction in water loss, enhanced energy efficiency, and improved water service quality. However, the implementation of such a system in rural or small-town infrastructure faces challenges, including sensor maintenance, algorithm reliability, and regulatory issues. A cost-benefit analysis suggests that while the initial investment in smart technologies may be high, the long-term savings in water and energy costs outweigh these costs. This study underscores the potential of ML-based systems in enhancing water conservation, operational efficiency, and sustainability in water management.

This study aims to analysis (1) learning strategies that student use in facing the Indonesian Academic Competency Test (TKA)  at MAN 3 Kediri, (2) learning model that teachers apply in facing the Indonesian language Academic Competency Test (TKA) at MAN 3 Kediri, (3) things that support students learning process in facing the Indonesian language Academic Competency Test (TKA) at MAN 3 Kediri. This resulting data source was obtained from a questionnaire distributed by researches to class XII students at MAN 3 Kediri. The data collection technique used was a student questionnaire or survey via a google form plate which was filled in by class XII students at MAN 3 Kediri. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive analysis to explain the results of the survey obtained. The data validity technique employed is triangulation. The analysis results show that students receive learning strategies through direct instruction or by practicing the material directly through exercise questions. Additionally, the difficulty level of the questions varies, ranging from lower-level to higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Furthermore, the teacher also prepares an appropriate teaching model to help students face the Indonesian Language TKA (National Competency Test). The result shows that the teacher applies the PAIKEM approach (active, innovative, creative, effective, and enjoyable). The supporting strategy includes practice questions that encourage students' understanding.  

The purpose of this research is to find out how Abu Bakar As-Siddiq, the fifth grade winner of MIN 04 Trimo Rejo creates interactive learning multimedia on SKI subjects by using video. Learning media must complement other learning components as part of the system. The aim is to facilitate learning activities as efficiently as possible. Abu Bakar As-Shiddiq, the fifth grade winner of MIN 04 Trimo Rejo, explains video-based interactive learning on SKI material in this post. The ADDIE model is used in this research. According to ADDIE, learning design creates learning through analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation phases. Learning system design development methodology is used to explain the research and development design process. Primary data collected through distributing questionnaires is the required data source. Participants in this study include media experts, material experts, and students. Nurul Huda University Sukaraja PGMI 6B students participated in this study. The interactive video is suitable for the application of learning, and the results of learning validation are rated as good.

This article discusses the importance of developing a Christian Religious Education (PAK) model based on Christian theology and implemented through the active role of the church in carrying out the Great Commission. True Christian education does not only convey doctrinal information, but also forms the character, spirituality, and calling of the people based on the word of God. The church is positioned as a learning community and the main implementer of the contextual, transformative, and biblical theology-rooted faith education process. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach and literature study, this paper emphasizes that theological foundations, such as God as the source of education, the Bible as the basis of teaching, Christ as the focus, and the church as the implementer, are inseparable elements of PAK. Christian Religious Education based on theology provides clear direction in designing content, methods, and learning objectives that are in line with God's will. Thus, this education model is expected to be able to answer the challenges of the times, strengthen the faith of the congregation, and produce strong and relevant followers of Christ in society.  

The rapid advancement of modern computing has driven extensive research on numerical algorithms for solving large-scale systems of linear equations. Classical methods such as LU decomposition, Jacobi, and Gauss–Seidel have been revisited and optimized to leverage parallel architectures, GPUs, and even quantum platforms. Recent studies demonstrate that optimized algorithms can reduce computation time by more than 50% while maintaining high accuracy in solving high-dimensional problems. LU decomposition, particularly in its parallel and GPU-based implementations, has shown superior performance in batch processing and industrial-scale simulations. Meanwhile, iterative methods such as Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel remain relevant due to their flexibility in numerical modeling, with further developments for block matrix systems, finite element applications, and FPGA architectures. The integration of these enhanced algorithms is not only beneficial for the advancement of scientific software development but also supports practical applications in engineering simulations, large-scale data optimization, and machine learning. Therefore, an integrative review of modern numerical algorithm developments is crucial in bridging the gap between industrial demands and research progress in scientific computing.

The Social Cognitive Theory proposed by Albert Bandura emphasizes that learning occurs largely through the process of observation. Teachers play an important role as models who provide direct examples so that students can understand and imitate a particular action or skill. This study aims to describe the implementation of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory through modeling strategies in Islamic Jurisprudence learning on the material "Ablution Procedures" in class IA MI Al Ikhlas. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with the research subjects being Islamic Jurisprudence subject teachers for class I and 25 class IA students. The research objects include the application of Bandura's modeling theory in Islamic Jurisprudence learning and students' abilities in practicing ablution procedures. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the application of modeling strategies in Islamic Jurisprudence learning consists of three stages, namely: (1) the planning stage, where the teacher prepares a learning plan; (2) the implementation stage, which includes four core processes, namely attention (students pay attention to examples from the teacher), retention (students record information in memory), reproduction (students practice ablution procedures), and motivation (the teacher provides reinforcement in the form of praise or rewards); and (3) the evaluation stage, which is carried out through written, oral and practical tests. The application of this theory has proven effective in improving students' ability to practice ablution correctly.