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Article 31 Paragraph 3 of Law Number 1 of 1974 on Marriage, which states that "the husband is the head of the family and the wife is a housewife," raises concerns regarding gender equality and contemporary social dynamics. This provision is considered to reflect a patriarchal legal construction that fails to respond to the evolving gender roles in modern society, where women also actively contribute as breadwinners and decision-makers within the family. This study aims to analyze the relevance of Article 31 Paragraph 3 through a normative, contextual, and inclusive juridical approach. The findings indicate that this provision has the potential to perpetuate gender discrimination and contradicts the principles of justice enshrined in the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia as well as the CEDAW Convention, which has been ratified by Indonesia. Therefore, a reinterpretation of Article 31 Paragraph 3 is necessary to ensure it aligns with contemporary values of equality and current social realities. Reformulating this provision is essential to establish an inclusive and just family law system that keeps pace with societal developments.

This report contains the results of interviews conducted by students of Elementary School Teacher Education Program of Santo Thomas Catholic University with teachers and fifth grade students of SDN 068332 Medan Tuntungan. The main purpose of the interviews was to obtain information about learning difficulties, aggressive behavior, and student discipline. Through a qualitative approach and direct interviews, three main problems were found: students who experience learning difficulties, students with aggressive behavior, and students who often skip school or are undisciplined. The results of the interviews showed that learning difficulties were influenced by lack of concentration and learning support at home, aggressive behavior was caused by lack of emotional management and attention from the environment, and discipline problems were related to minimal motivation and family supervision. The guidance actions taken showed positive developments, such as increased courage of students to ask questions, reduced conflict between friends, and improved student attendance rates. The discussion emphasized the importance of collaboration between teachers, students, and parents to create a supportive learning environment. Guidance and counseling services with an empathetic approach and storytelling techniques have proven effective in fostering changes in students' attitudes and behaviors. In conclusion, open communication and consistent guidance are the keys to successful interventions for student problems in elementary schools.

This studyaims to examine the economic activities of low-income communities and identify factors that influence these activities in Tamaila Utara Village,Tolangohula Sub-district,Gorontalo Regency. The study employed a qualitative method using a systematic approach. Data collection techniques included observation, interview, and source triangulation.Data analysis involved data reduction followed by drawing conclusions. The findings indicate that most low-income residents in Tamaila Utara rely on agriculture, particularly corn farming, as their primary livelihood. Farming activities are supported by family members due to limited financial capacity to hire labor, and the tools used are still very simple or traditional. For crop distribution,the community depends on local traders who offer prices significantly lower than market rates, due to limited transportation access to larger markets. In terms of consumption,residents can only meet their basic needs, with low nutritional intake due to minimal income. Other challenges to improving the local economy include water scarcity during the dry season, low educational attainment among farmers,lack of government-provided training, and unpredictable weather and environmental conditions. Therefore,government support is urgently needed,such as irrigation development, agricultural training, and the provision of modern tools or technology to enhance community welfare in the future.

Young generation dominated the unemployment rate in Indonesia, highlighting the need to increase the number of entrepreneurs to create new job opportunities. However, the number of entrepreneurs, particularly Muslim entrepreneurs, remained relatively low. To encourage individuals to do entrepreneurship in the future, a strong entrepreneurial intention is required. Thus, this study aims to analyze the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intention of Muslim students from internal and external aspects and from an Islamic perspective. These factors included self-efficacy, family support, peer support, and institutional support with knowledge of entrepreneurial skills, risk-taking ability, and innovative behavior as mediators. This research was conducted on 215 Muslim students at Padjadjaran University using a questionnaire and analyzed using SmartPLS. The results showed that self-efficacy, family support, peer support, and institutional support have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention through mediating variables. Additionally, innovative behavior has a positive and significant effect as a mediator in the research model. These findings provide insights for academics and practitioners to support entrepreneurship development, especially among Muslim students.

The SEBLAK program (Birth Certificate, Birth Registration, and Family Card) initiated by RS dr. Mohammad Zyn represents an innovation in digital-based civil registration services, aimed at improving efficiency, effectiveness, and transparency in public services related to population administration. This innovation integrates the processes of data collection, verification, and the issuance of administrative documents automatically through a digital system directly connected to the Department of Population and Civil Registration (Disdukcapil). Consequently, procedures for obtaining documents such as birth certificates and family cards can be carried out more quickly, easily, and without bureaucratic obstacles, while also providing more accurate and reliable data. The overall success of this program is supported by several key factors, including adequate technological infrastructure, continuous training for officers and the community, and effective socialization through various media and community forums. A qualitative approach was used to evaluate the implementation process and its impact on the community and hospital staff. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman (1994) model. The results indicate that the implementation of this digital system can significantly reduce the time and costs associated with document processing, improve data accuracy, and strengthen public trust in government services. Beyond operational aspects, the SEBLAK program also positively impacts increasing access to administrative services for communities in remote and hard-to-reach areas. This aligns with the goal of expanding digital services inclusively and reinforcing the role of hospitals as the initial point and center for civil registration services while enhancing community participation in fulfilling their administrative rights. However, challenges remain, including technical infrastructure limitations, a lack of sufficient training for human resources, and the need to improve data security capacity. Therefore, continuous capacity building for human resources and infrastructure development are crucial to ensure the sustainability and success of this program, which can serve as a model for innovative public services that other institutions in Indonesia can adopt.    

This research aims to examine the Islamic economic perspective on home-based businesses in improving the welfare of the people on Miang Island, as well as tracing their development and supporting and inhibiting factors. The method used is field research with a qualitative approach and descriptive techniques, with data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation from primary and secondary sources. The results show that home-based businesses make a real contribution to improving the community's economy by utilizing local potential and applying Islamic values such as honesty, trustworthiness, and fairness in their management. This business is growing rapidly and has become the main alternative to increase family income, while encouraging local economic empowerment. Family support in running the business provides efficiency and strengthens the sense of community, and is supported by community loyalty as regular customers. However, challenges faced include limited capital to expand the business, instability in raw material prices, and competition from larger businesses. These constraints often prevent businesses from increasing their production capacity and reaching a wider market.

This research aims to examine the Islamic economic perspective on home-based businesses in improving the welfare of the people on Miang Island, as well as tracing their development and supporting and inhibiting factors. The method used is field research with a qualitative approach and descriptive techniques, with data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation from primary and secondary sources. The results show that home-based businesses make a real contribution to improving the community's economy by utilizing local potential and applying Islamic values such as honesty, trustworthiness, and fairness in their management. This business is growing rapidly and has become the main alternative to increase family income, while encouraging local economic empowerment. Family support in running the business provides efficiency and strengthens the sense of community, and is supported by community loyalty as regular customers. However, challenges faced include limited capital to expand the business, instability in raw material prices, and competition from larger businesses. These constraints often prevent businesses from increasing their production capacity and reaching a wider market.

This research aims to identify the role of home and preschool environments on the socioemotional development of early childhood. Through an observation and assessment approach using validated instruments, this study found that the social environment, both at home and at school, has a significant influence on the development of children's ability to recognize, express, and manage emotions, as well as build healthy social relationships. The results show that children who receive positive support from their environment tend to have better socioemotional development, characterized by the ability to recognize emotional expressions, apply politeness values, and show good moral behavior. This research emphasizes the importance of the role of family and school in shaping children's character and emotional intelligence from an early age

The use of gadgets in elementary school children is alarming. Prolonged use can lead to negative things for the growth and development of elementary school children. This service aims to realize the golden generation in 2045 by providing education to elementary school children about the impact of gadget use. There are 3 main focuses of the training that will be carried out, namely: Understanding and definition of gadget use, positive and negative impacts of gadget use, and minimizing gadget use. These three main activities are important activities that are followed by elementary school children. The results showed that the students were very enthusiastic and eager to participate in this educational activity. They actively asked questions and discussed the impact of gadgets. Students in this class showed commitment to apply the tips and strategies taught in the educational activities. They promised to reduce their gaming time, choose positive content, and interact more with friends and family. The education program also received a positive response from the school principal and teachers. The headmaster gave high appreciation for the initiative of the academician students in conducting this education. collaboration between the academician and the school is needed in order to realize the sustainability of the program that has been implemented.

This study aims to determine the extent to which the school environment influences students’ interests and motivation in learning at SDN Maos Lor 04. The main research subjects were grade V students, and teachers as supporting informants. The school environment, which includes the physical condition of the building, social interaction, and availability of learning facilities, plays an important role in creating a positive and enjoyable lerning atmosphere, This study uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that a clean, orderly, safe school atmosphere, as well as a harmonious relationship between teachers and students can encourage enthusiasm for learning and increase student involvement in the learning process. Conversely, a less supportive school environment tends to reduce student motivation and active participation. Students’ interests and desires in learning are also influenced by other factors such as family involvement, emotional support, and implementation of appropriate learning strategies. Therefore, synergy between schools, teachers, and parents is needed to create a conductive and meaningful learning environment for student development.

Seventeen is a crucial age in adolescent development, marked by various psychological, social, and cognitive changes. According to Erikson, adolescents at this stage face the psychosocial crisis of “identity versus role confusion,“where they begin to form a sense of self. Piaget explains that they enter the formal operational stage, where abstract and logical thinking emerge. Monks et al. further emphasize that adolescent development is strongly influenced by social interactions with family, peers, and the school environment. This study aims to explore the  psychological  development  dynamics  of  17-year-old  adolescents  and the    influencing factors such as family environment, academic pressure, and social relationships. The research uses a qualitative case study method involving one twelfth-grade high school students. The findings reveal that adolescents at this age begin to show a more stable identity, greater independence, and reflective thinking abilities. However, some also experience anxiety, identity conflicts, and social pressure. These findings highlight the importance of emotional support from both families and schools in guiding adolescents through this transitional stage in a healthy and adaptive way.

This study examines Kare Kare as a culinary heritage typical of Nagari Sulit Air, Solok Regency, West Sumatra. Using a qualitative approach with participatory observation techniques, interviews, and documentation, the study aims to document the history, manufacturing process, cultural values, and socio-economic role of Kare Kare. The results of the study indicate that Kare Kare has deep historical roots, passed down from generation to generation within the family. The manufacturing process reflects the local wisdom of the Minangkabau people, emphasizing the balance of ingredients and patience. Socio-economically, Kare Kare is a source of sustainable income and a marker of the collective identity of Nagari Sulit Air, especially for migrants. The main challenges in preserving Kare Kare are the lack of interest from the younger generation and changes in community consumption patterns. Conservation strategies include documentation of knowledge, production and marketing innovation, integration into local education, and development of culinary tourism through multi-party collaboration.

During the era of the Sultanate of Women in the Ottoman Empire, women played a significant role in politics, governance, and various social and cultural fields. Figures such as Hafsa Sultan, Hürrem Sultan, Mihrimah Sultan, Kösem Sultan, and Turhan Sultan were not merely the mothers or wives of sultans, but leaders who held considerable influence in the political decision-making and administration of the empire. Through their positions as Valide Sultan or other royal family members, these women managed to influence both internal and external policies, as well as initiate numerous social and cultural projects. This paper aims to explore the roles of women during the Sultanate of Women, analyzing their impact on the political and social structure of the empire, and highlighting the legacy they left in Ottoman history. Using a historical and analytical approach, this study provides a deeper understanding of how women, despite living in a patriarchal system, were able to play powerful roles in politics and social development.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the family environment on student learning achievement in elementary school. The family environment is an external factor that plays an important role in shaping children's character, motivation, and learning habits. This study uses a literature study method with a descriptive qualitative approach, which examines various academic literature related to the topic. The results of the study show that family harmony, parental attention and assistance, socioeconomic conditions, and parenting style have a real contribution to students' academic achievement. Families who are able to provide a positive and supportive learning environment emotionally and structurally can increase children's mental readiness and motivation in facing the learning process. These findings are also reinforced by developmental ecological theories that place the family as the closest microsystem that most early influences a child's development. Therefore, the active involvement of families in children's education needs to be strengthened as part of efforts to improve the quality of basic education.  

This study aims to analyze gender representation and family dynamics in the Indonesian film Dua Garis Biru (2019), focusing on the roles, responsibilities, and social stigma experienced by teenage characters after an extramarital pregnancy. This research uses a qualitative content analysis method of scenes, dialog, and character development in the film. The study is based on gender theory and sociocultural perspectives to explore how male and female roles are shaped, contrasted, or reinforced. The results showed strong inequalities in the division of responsibilities, with female characters disproportionately bearing the emotional and social consequences. The role of the family, influenced by traditional values and social pressures, largely determines the decisions and autonomy of the teenage couple. The film also reveals the stigmatization of women's sexuality and motherhood outside the institution of marriage, but at the same time shows a change in perspective between generations. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how contemporary Indonesian cinema reflects and challenges prevailing gender norms and family expectations. The implications of this study are important for educators and counselors in addressing gender bias and stigma among teenagers through media literacy.  

The role of fathers in children's lives cannot actually be underestimated. Unfortunately, there are still many children in Indonesia who grow up without the presence or maximum role of a father. This phenomenon is known as fatherlessness. Either because the father is not there (due to divorce or death), or because the father is there but does not carry out his role well. In fact, according to Islamic teachings and legal regulations in Indonesia, fathers have a big responsibility to provide for their children, both materially, with love and attention. Through this study, it is discussed how Islam provides strong warnings for negligent fathers, even calling it a major sin. The Prophet's hadith also emphasizes a lot about a father's responsibility towards his family. Not only that, Indonesian law also has clear regulations regarding sanctions for fathers who abandon their children, including criminal threats. In essence, fathers are not only breadwinners, but also important figures in children's growth and development. If this role is ignored, the impact could be big for the child, family, and even the future of the father himself. The state and society must care more about this, so that Indonesian children can grow up healthy, complete and happy.

The rapid growth of science and technology in the contemporary era has had a considerable impact on social life, especially among adolescents. Adolescents typically encounter difficulty in controlling their emotions and desires, which can lead to deviant behavior or juvenile delinquency. This study intends to evaluate techniques for reducing juvenile delinquency through the function of the family as the first and foremost social unit in an individual's life. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores numerous literature and related previous study results. The results of the study reveal that open communication, giving affection, establishing moral and religious beliefs, and regular supervision from parents have an essential role in preventing aberrant conduct in teenagers. In addition, significant family involvement in adolescent life might enhance adolescent resilience to harmful environmental impacts. From these findings, it is recommended that families improve the quality of interactions with adolescents and work together with educational institutions and the community in establishing an environment that fosters positive adolescent development.

This research examines the implementation of social welfare through social assistance funds in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic within the framework of the welfare state theory. Using a normative juridical approach with a descriptive-normative character, the study analyzes the legal foundations, the theory of justice, and utilitarianism as conceptual bases. Two approaches Statute Approach and Conceptual Approach are employed to review key regulations (Law No. 13/2011, Law No. 11/2009, Government Regulation No. 39/2012, and other implementing regulations) as well as the concepts of distributive justice, utility, and the capability principle. Secondary data consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials collected through literature study and qualitatively analyzed. The findings reveal that programs such as Direct Cash Assistance (BLT), the Family Hope Program (PKH), and the Staple Food Card (Kartu Sembako) represent state interventions aimed at correcting inequality and ensuring citizens’ social rights. The application of the principles of social justice, utility, transparancy, accountability, participation, and sustainability has strengthened the legitimacy of social assistance as a redistributive instrument. However, the main challenges lie in the accuracy of the Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS), overlapping recipients, limited public participation, and long-term planning that remains reactive to crises. Evaluation of alignment with welfare state principles reveals that social assistance interventions have helped reduce short-term economic burdens but are not yet optimal in empowering recipients toward self-reliance. Based on these findings, it is recommended to regularly update the DTKS, enhance digitalization and data transparancy, expand participatory mechanisms, and integrate social assistance policies into long-term national development strategies. Thus, social assistance funds can serve not only as emergency aid but also as sustainable instruments to realize social justice and inclusive growth.

Family counseling is a strategic approach to helping family members overcome various issues that disrupt family harmony and functionality. In the Indonesian context, family counseling cannot be separated from the influence of distinctive local cultural values such as kinship, mutual cooperation (gotong royong), respect for elders, and the strong presence of religious and customary norms. Indonesian culture, which is predominantly collectivist and hierarchical, places the family as the central social institution that shapes individual identity and behavior. Therefore, it is essential for counselors to understand the diverse family structures present in Indonesia, ranging from patriarchal and matrilineal systems (such as in Minangkabau) to more egalitarian modern families. Culturally-based family counseling in Indonesia not only focuses on resolving interpersonal conflicts within the family but also emphasizes the importance of maintaining social harmony and protecting the family’s reputation in the community. In Indonesian society, conflict resolution is often carried out through deliberation (musyawarah) and involves third parties such as community elders, religious leaders, or respected senior family members. This highlights the need for family counselors in Indonesia to possess intercultural competence and a deep understanding of prevailing social norms. Moreover, religiosity plays a significant role in shaping values, attitudes, and decision-making within families. Counseling approaches that neglect the spiritual and cultural dimensions are often perceived as irrelevant or ineffective. Thus, integrating Western psychological theories with local values is crucial for family counseling to be both effective and contextually appropriate. This article explores the importance of culturally grounded family counseling in Indonesia by emphasizing key principles such as local wisdom, togetherness, deliberation, and harmony as the foundation for intervention strategies. By understanding the complexities of Indonesia’s pluralistic culture, family counseling can become a powerful tool to rebuild healthy, sustainable relationships and support the development of a more emotionally and socially harmonious society.  

Social Workers are a profession that has special skills in helping individuals, families, and communities to carry out their social functions optimally. One form of intervention carried out is through childcare, especially for children who are in a threatened condition or have lost care from the nuclear family. SOS Children's Village Medan implements a family-based care system that aims to create a safe, loving environment that supports children's holistic development. This study aims to determine the form of care carried out by social workers at SOS Children's Village Medan. The method used in this study is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The results of the study indicate that social workers play an important role in designing, supervising, and evaluating care patterns and accompanying children in meeting physical, emotional, social, and educational needs. The family approach has been proven to be able to build emotional bonds and improve the quality of life of the children being assisted.