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Chronic pain is pain that persistent and will continue beyond the proper healing time, there are two time points used in daily practice, namely 3 months and 6 months after the first injury. Sensitivity of peripheral nociceptive neurons and central underlying the process of transition from acute pain to chronic pain. There are several factors that influence the increasing incidence of postoperative chronic pain including preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Untreated acute postoperative pain also increases the risk of increasing chronic postoperative pain. In Asia, the prevalence of chronic pain varies widely, between 7% in Malaysia to 60% in Cambodia. The prevalence of postoperative chronic pain in adults is reported to be around 20% in developed countries. The incidence includes all ages with a higher incidence in women and the elderly. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of postoperative chronic pain in outpatients in the surgical polyclinic and obstetrics and gynecology polyclinic at RSU Medan. The type of research used in this study was Observational with a Cross Sectional method approach. Based on the research that has been done, it was found that ages 26-35 years experienced the most chronic pain, namely as much as 29.8% and women experienced more chronic pain compared to men. Based on this study it was found that the majority of respondents experienced moderate pain intensity as many as 36 respondents (63.2%). There were descriptions of characteristics that were mostly 26-35 years old.

Suicide is an act committed by individuals against themselves. This study aims to investigate the role of Christian Religious Education (CRE) in preventing suicide among young people. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature study approach, where data is collected through analysis and description of information from various sources, including books and journal articles. The results of the study show that CRE contributes to preventing suicide through the formation of identity and meaning in life. By emphasizing Christian values and biblical knowledge, CRE helps teenagers find meaning in life and strengthen their faith. Through engaging teaching methods, CRE empowers youth to appreciate themselves and face life's challenges with a positive attitude. Additionally, social community support integrated within CRE is vital for the mental health of adolescents, creating a safe and supportive environment. Mental health and spirituality are interrelated, with CRE playing a role in developing spiritual maturity and providing a strong moral foundation. Thus, young people can maintain their mental and spiritual health and find hope amid difficulties.

This study uses a qualitative method to provide an in-depth description of the strategic role of village funds within the State Budget (APBN) in improving the welfare of rural communities. Village funds allocated by the central government aim to accelerate development, reduce regional disparities, and strengthen economic independence at the village level. This research examines the mechanisms of distribution, management, and utilization of village funds and relates them to welfare indicators such as income, access to basic services, and economic empowerment. The results show that when managed transparently, accountably, and with community participation, village funds can improve quality of life through infrastructure development, better education and health services, and the growth of micro and small enterprises. However, challenges such as weak capacity of village officials, corruption practices, and lack of supervision remain obstacles that must be addressed. Therefore, synergy between central and regional governments and the community is key to the successful implementation of village funds.    

This study discusses how Career Development influences Job Satisfaction at Aston Batam Hotel and Residence, where this study is motivated by employee complaints obtained from observation results questionnaires and data obtained from the research location. The purpose of this study is determine how much influence Career Development has on Job Satisfaction at Aston Batam Hotel and Reseidence. The type research used is quantitative descriptive with a sampling technique using total sampling applied to 102 respondents at Aston Batam Hotel and Residence. The data Collection technique used questionnaire with skala likert which has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis technique consist of data description, analysis requirements test with normality test, homogeneity test, and linearity test, and hypothesis test with simple linear regression test using SPSS version 26.00. The results of this study are Career Development is included in the good category with a respondent achievement level of 80.67%, and Job Satisfaction with a respondent achievement level of 82.19%, included in the good category. The results of the determination coefficient or R Square of 0.395 were obtained, which means that there is an influence of career development on job satisfaction of 39.5% and 60.5% is influenced by other factors not explained in this study.

Islam after the death of the Prophet Muhammad SAW experienced a golden age. The peak of this glory was not seen from the size of its territory, but from the progress of various sectors such as art, culture, building architecture, and education. All of this success was achieved during the Abbasid Dynasty. This dynasty was different from the previous empire, namely the Umayyad, which focused more on expanding the territory of da'wah. In this short and simple article, the development of art, especially architecture, during the Abbasid Dynasty is discussed, which is one indicator of the progress of the Baghdad Caliphate. Architecture is the work of an architect designed to build spaces in a building with certain functions and purposes. The royal palace building is an architectural design that is formed according to the development of the times and contains certain meanings in each of its arrangements. This article aims to explain the architectural style of the Abbasid Caliphate palace, including its types and the influence of other architectural styles in its construction. The method used is a literature study (library research) by collecting data from various relevant literature. The results of this writing are expected to provide a general description of the characteristics of palace architecture during the Abbasid Dynasty.

This study aims to develop a Riau cultural literacy module for elementary school students' narrative text writing skills that is valid, practical, and feasible to use. The method used in this study is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D development model, which includes four stages: Define (needs analysis), Design (design), Development (development), and Disseminate (dissemination). The developed module was validated by three experts, namely teaching material experts, material experts, and language experts. Meanwhile, the practicality aspect was assessed through a practicality questionnaire given to teachers and students during a limited trial. Data collection techniques in this study include interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed using quantitative analysis techniques and qualitative descriptions. The validation results showed that the developed teaching materials met the valid criteria with an average percentage of 96.1%. Meanwhile, the level of practicality of teaching materials based on the teacher's practicality questionnaire reached 83.3% with the category of "very practical," and the student's practicality questionnaire obtained a result of 90.3% with the category of "very practical". Based on the results of the validation and practicality test, it can be concluded that the elementary school Riau cultural literacy module has met the valid and practical criteria, so it is suitable for use in learning.

Indonesia is a pluralistic nation because it consists of various tribes, religions, ethnicities, cultures and languages. This diversity is found in various regions spread from Sabang to Meraoke. Every Indonesian citizen is obliged to maintain this diversity by upholding the foundation of the Indonesian state and the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in order to create national unity. Looking at the existing phenomena and referring to previous research, there are still many undesirable events happening in the environment around us today. Therefore, it is necessary to internalize the values of multicultural education. From the description above, there are three focuses studied in this thesis, namely (1) how is the process of transforming the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school? (2) how is the process of transacting the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school? (3) how is the process of internalizing the value of multicultural education in the Kiai Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang boarding school?. This research uses the type of field research, with a qualitative approach, The research subjects consisted of the head of the cottage, administrators, educators, and students, Data collection techniques were taken from interviews, observation, and documentation. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that: (1) the value transformation process is educators use an approach to introduce students to good and bad values. (2) the value transaction process is educators conducting two-way communication or interaction between students and educators that are reciprocal. (3) The process of trans-internalization of this value is that the educator in front of the santri is no longer a physical figure, but his personality attitude or personality or mental communication that plays an active role. In this process, educators always provide examples of good values in everyday life.

Knowledge of coping mechanisms is an important aspect of a teenager's life in solving problems. Adolescents who lack knowledge of coping mechanisms will tend to stay away from stressors because they cannot control themselves and do not know how to solve a problem. This can exacerbate the stressful conditions that are being experienced. To find out the description of the knowledge of class XII adolescents in coping with academic stress at SMAN 1 Cawas. This type of quantitative research with a descriptive research design, using a cross-sectional study approach. The sample of this research was 197 students of class XII at SMAN 1 Cawas with a sampling technique, namely proportional stratified random sampling. The data collection instrument used was a coping mechanism knowledge questionnaire. Research data were analyzed using frequency. The results showed that most respondents were 17 years old (58.9%) with 98 respondents (49.7%) who were male and 99 respondents (50.3%) who were female. The results of the univariate analysis showed that as many as 99 respondents (50.3%) had a sufficient level of knowledge in coping with academic stress. It is known that most adolescents have sufficient category of knowledge by knowing some of the constructive coping mechanisms and some of the destructive coping mechanisms.

Economic growth measures the achievement of the development of an economy from one period to the next. Theoretically, government spending allocated for the public interest and public welfare will encourage an increase in per capita income that is getting bigger from year to year. Investment is essentially also the initial step in economic development activities. This study aims to determine the Effect of Development Spending and Investment on Economic Growth in North Sumatra Province. The analysis technique used is data analysis in this study using a descriptive analysis method based on the descriptions that support the analysis. The results of this study indicate that partially the government spending variable has a significant negative effect on economic growth in North Sumatra Province with a significance value of 0.0030.05. Based on the results of the simultaneous test calculation, it is known that both government spending and investment variables simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in North Sumatra Province with a significance value of 0.030.

The yellow book is a source of Islamic knowledge that is very important in Islamic religious education, such as in the fields of interpretation, hadith, fiqh, and tasawuf. In the world of Islamic education, Islamic boarding schools are one of the formal education that uses the book as the main reference in finding the material taught. This study aims to find out how students of the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Masters program at FITK UIN North Sumatra interact with the yellow book. The problems studied are regarding students' understanding of classical sentences, the teaching methods used, and the challenges they face in mastering the yellow book. This study uses qualitative methods, and its analysis techniques are interviews, observations and documentation. The results of the study are a description of the role of the yellow book in Islamic higher education and its contribution to the development of more effective teaching methods. Therefore, it is highly recommended for us to know and understand the contents and meaning of the yellow book, as well as to know the role of the yellow book in the world of education.  

Indonesia is known as an archipelago located on the Ring of Fire, which is the confluence of three major tectonic plates, namely Indo Australia, Eurasia and the Pacific. This causes Indonesia to be an area at risk of experiencing various kinds of natural disasters. The elderly are one of the groups of people who are most vulnerable to the high psychological impact of natural disasters. Resilience in times of crisis is an important psychological ability in individuals, especially the elderly, because it is expected to make individuals strong and able to adapt to changes in conditions that occur in their lives. elderly, because it is expected to make individuals strong and able to adapt to changes in conditions that occur well. Resilience is a personal trait that refers to positive adaptation and reducing negative influences and stressors so that individuals can improve mentally and maintain their health despite experiencing severe problems. The purpose of this study is to determine and explore various images of resilience and to find out the importance of resilience for the elderly in dealing with disasters. The method used in this research is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method where the literature related to the research will be analyzed and synthesized. The results and conclusions of this study are that the many types of natural disasters that occur in Indonesia make people from every group, especially the elderly, have resilience. The literature analyzed is literature published on Google Scholar, ISSN standardized and published between 2019 and 2024. The number of literature analyzed in this study was 8 literature.  The results of this study are a description of the resilience of the elderly consisting of several categories / levels of resilience, things that affect resilience, how the elderly adjust, and elderly preparedness for natural disasters. In addition, this study concluded that resilience is important for the elderly to deal with natural disasters.

The background of this research aimed to: (1) determine the description of employee performance, workload, and work stress; (2) analyze the influence of Workload and Job Stress on employee performance both partially and simultaneously.The population in this research were employees of the Sikka Regency Regional Revenue Agency, totaling 61 people. This research was carried out with a sanmpling technique or saturated sampling (total sampling). Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive methods and inferential statistics, namely multiple linear regression. Hypothesis testing is carried out through the F-test and t-test.The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the employee performance. Work Load and Work Stress variables were categorized as good. The statistical results of the t-test showed that the Workload variable had a positive and insignificant effect on employee performance. Furthermore, the Job Stress variable has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The statistical results of the F test showed that simultaneously the variables Workload and Job Stress had a significant effect on employee performance. The results of the determination analysis showed that the two independent variables in this research were able to explain the fluctuation ofemplovee performance of the Regional Revenue Agency of Sikka Regency by 12.5%.

The importance of traditional games in providing character education and positive moral values for children's growth, especially in developing gross motor skills. Initial observations showed that children's gross motor skills were still low due to a lack of interest in traditional games and teachers had not found the right method. This study aims to describe the description of children's gross motor skills before and after being given the game engklek. Using a quantitative approach with a pre-experimental method and pretest-posttest design, the research was conducted on 9 children aged 5-6 years at Mekar Mentari Gemilang Kindergarten. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and checklists. The results showed a significant increase in children's gross motor skills after being given the cranklek game Treatment, with an average pre-test score of 4.33 increasing to 8.00 in the post-test. The findings imply that traditional cricket games are effective in stimulating children's gross motor development.

This research was motivated by problem of purchasing decisions (Eban Watan Women’s Studio of Ian Tena Village, Sikka Regency). This study aimed to; (1) figure out the description of purcasing decisions, promotion, and location of the Eban Watan Farmer women’s groph studio; (2) analize promotion and lokation ond procasing both partially and simultaneously. The population in this study were all consumers who made procases of ikat weaving at the Eban Watan Farmwr Women’s Group Studio Ian Tena Village with a sampling of 70 people using The Non-Probability Sampling method which mean that the elements in the population did not heve an inherent probability of being slected as a subject person. Data were collected through questionnaires and analized using descritive and inferential statistical methods, namely multyple linear regrenssion. Hypothesis testing was done through F and t-tests. Descritive analysis showed that the varyables of buyer decisions, promotions and locations were categorized as good. The statical results of the t-test sha effect ond purcahasing decisions. The result of the F test showed that simultaneously all independent variables had a significant effect on purchasing decisions. Tha coefficient of determination that the contributiont of the promotion variable and the location variable to the purcases decision of the weaving studio Eban Watan Ian Tena Village, Sikka Regency was 49,9%, while it was infulenced by outher factors outside the research variables.

This study aims to provide a detailed and in-depth description of school leadership, obstacles, and solutions in improving teachers' abilities to implement the Merdeka Curriculum at SD 134 Palembang. The research was conducted from December to February 2025 at SD 134 Palembang, involving 48 teachers and 7 educational staff as samples. The study employed a qualitative descriptive research approach, utilizing data collection techniques through interviews, field observations, and triangulation.The principal of SD 134 Palembang has fostered a positive school environment, evident in their active role in enhancing teachers' competencies in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum. The Merdeka Curriculum grants schools and teachers greater autonomy in designing learning that aligns with students' needs and potential. This necessitates teachers possessing adequate capabilities to effectively implement the Merdeka Curriculum. This study aimed to improve teachers' abilities at SD 134 Palembang in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum through training and mentoring.The study employed a qualitative method with a classroom action research design. The research subjects were the teachers at SD 134 Palembang. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques.The findings revealed that training and mentoring were effective in enhancing teachers' capabilities in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum.

Majelis Taklim is a tradition of learning among the people of Indonesia, both rural and urban, the tradition of learning is still going on today. The purpose of the study was to describe the role of the weekly taklim assembly in strengthening the religious understanding of housewives held every Saturday morning in Bambu Apus Village, Pamulang District, South Tangerang City. In this research, the method used is qualitative because the data obtained is processed and explained in the description of the author. In obtaining data, the author used observation, interview and documentation methods. The data sources in this study include primary data sources in the form of interviews with material speakers, administrators and a congregation of Majelis Taklim Nurul Iman, as well as secondary data sources derived from documentation of activities. The results of the study concluded that the role of Majelis taklim Nurul Iman included, among others, fixing the reading of short surahs, apart from being a place to learn religion as well as improving the household economy, there was an economic turnover because the Saturday morning taklim assembly was attended by people from various social layers, strengthening religious understanding, and fostering harmony between communities with silaturrahim.

Employee performance is a measure of organizational progress and development, and is the key to the success of human resource management practices. This study aims to empirically test and prove the mediating role of work engagement on the relationship between meaningfulness of work and ethical climate on employee performance. This study involved the use of Partial Least Square to analyse data collected from 51 employee of Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Gresik. The sampling technique used in this research was saturation sampling method. The results of this study indicate that meaningfulness of work and ethical climate have a significant positive effect on work engagement, meaningfulness of work does not have a significant effect on employee performance, ethical climate and work engagement have a significant positive effect on employee performance. The analysis reveals that work engagement fully mediates the relationship between meaningfulness of work and employee performance, and partially mediates the relationship between ethical climate and employee performance. A good understanding of the meaningfulness of work and a positive ethical climate in the organization encourages work engagement among employees. However, the mismatch between skills and employee job descriptions, lack of employee comfort in working and lack of employee experience in the work they do means that employees cannot provide optimal performance. Ethical climate can also encourage employees to act in the best way at work, meanwhile, work engagement can encourage employee spirit.

This study aims to explore existing phenomena and issues related to the communication climate and its role in enhancing Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The research was conducted at the Karawang Cooperatives and SMEs Office located at Jl. Kertabumi No. 31, Nagasari, West Karawang. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research emphasizes process-oriented analysis through direct observation, interviews, documentation, and literature review from relevant sources. Data collection techniques included observations, interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal a strong relationship between communication climate and the development of OCB within the organization. A positive communication climate fosters a more productive and harmonious work environment, where employees are more willing to engage in behaviors beyond their formal job descriptions. Effective communication enables all parts of the organization to align in their tasks and responsibilities, allowing for better coordination and collective performance. As a result, a well-managed communication environment supports the emergence of positive OCB, such as helping behaviors, loyalty, and personal initiative. This study concludes that fostering open, supportive, and transparent communication practices within organizational settings is crucial to enhancing employee engagement and voluntary contributions that benefit the overall institution.

This research aims to determine the values of ethics and critical thinking skills in students. This study discusses how implementing ethical values in Indonesian language learning can build critical thinking skills for students. This research employs a literature study that relies on various literature to obtain research data, using a qualitative approach since the data produced is in the form of words or descriptions. The implementation of ethical values in Indonesian language learning is a strategic alternative solution to address the decline of morals in society and the educational environment. Indonesian language learning will enable students to express arguments or opinions using proper and polite Indonesian

Law Number 3 of 2002 concerning National Defense states that the General Policy on National Defense functions as a guideline for the management, implementation and supervision of national defense. The aim of this study is to show that the various players participating in state practices require organizing the implementation of national security through integrated mechanisms that consider all factors to produce the best results. To create national security, it is necessary to combine the capabilities of the entire country, including security forces, law enforcement, government agencies and the entire community. In qualitative research, data is collected methodically, factually and quickly using descriptive methodology according to the description at the time of the research. The findings of this research show that the TNI's task is to fight all military and armed disturbances, both domestically and internationally. Therefore, the TNI is also tasked with dealing with deviant beliefs and other armed conflicts that occur in Indonesia, such as what happened in Papua.