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Work volume calculations are essential for project cost estimation. Many projects, such as the Laboratory Building of the Faculty Engineering at Tanjungpura University, calculate work volumes conventionally. Conventional calculation considered less efficient and prone to errors. Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides a solution that produces more accurate and efficient calculations than conventional methods. This research aims to compare structural work volume results produced by BIM using Autodesk Revit against conventional methods and project’s BOQ. This research also describes the benefits and challenges of BIM implementation based on the researcher’s experience applying BIM with Autodesk Revit in work volume calculation. The comparison between BIM and conventional method shows a maximum difference of 2% across all work items. Meanwhile, the comparison between BIM and the BOQ shows significant differences: 81% in column formwork area, 24% in grade beam/beam concrete volume, 25% in column reinforcement weight, 25% in steel beam weight, and 10% in the steel plate weight. This research proves that BIM implementation produces more accurate and efficient calculations and serves as an effective BOQ cross-check tool. Based on the researcher’s experience in implementing BIM with Autodesk Revit, challenges found in procurement aspects, modeling aspects, and model dependency on reference drawings.    

Reading literacy among 6th grade elementary students is often superficial, limiting their ability to analyze implicit meanings and connect texts to real-world contexts. This review examines the potential of deep learning as a pedagogical approach to enhance in-depth text comprehension. Deep learning emphasizes active engagement, reflection, and the construction of meaningful knowledge, aiming to foster critical thinking and improve comprehension. Recent studies highlight implementation strategies such as reflective journaling and interactive discussions, which have demonstrated significant improvements in students' critical thinking and comprehension scores (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that deep learning methods surpass traditional approaches by promoting higher-order cognitive skills, enabling students to analyze and interpret texts more effectively. However, challenges such as inadequate teacher training persist, which may hinder the full integration of deep learning techniques. To address these challenges, further research is needed to explore scalable digital tools that can support deep learning in diverse classroom settings. By examining the potential for digital integration, future studies could provide insights into how technology can facilitate the widespread adoption of deep learning strategies, making them more accessible and effective for a broader range of students. Ultimately, this review underscores the promise of deep learning in enhancing reading literacy and suggests that addressing the barriers to its implementation could have significant educational benefits.

The discharge of surfactant-laden wastewater from the rapidly expanding laundry industry poses significant environmental risks, especially in densely populated urban areas. While constructed wetlands (CWs) and Eco-Enzyme technology have shown promise for surfactant remediation, their standalone application requires long hydraulic retention times (HRTs), limiting practical implementation. This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel integrated system combining a subsurface constructed wetland (SSFCW) with fruit peel-derived Eco-Enzyme to treat synthetic laundry wastewater. Over a 6-day treatment period, the combined system achieved a remarkable surfactant removal efficiency of 99.63%, reducing the concentration from 225 mg/L to 0.835 mg/L—well below the regulatory threshold of 3 mg/L. The synergistic degradation mechanism involves enzymatic hydrolysis via Eco-Enzyme lipase and protease activity, complemented by microbial mineralization in the wetland rhizosphere. This system maintains optimal environmental conditions, with a stable pH of 6.85-7.32 and a temperature of 30.9-35.2°C, supporting robust biological activity. These findings demonstrate that the integrated Eco-Enzyme/SSFCW system overcomes the limitations of conventional HRT approaches, offering a highly efficient, sustainable, and practical decentralized wastewater treatment solution for the laundry industry.  

The development of artificial intelligence has revolutionized higher education by increasing the efficiency and personalization of learning, but it has also posed a major challenge in the form of a decline in students' critical thinking skills due to their dependence on technology. Therefore, an in-depth philosophical study through the post-positivism, critical theory, and constructivism paradigms is needed to understand its impact on cognitive and epistemological processes. This study aims to analyze how these three paradigms guide the development of critical thinking in the context of AI. It uses a descriptive-analytical method based on secondary data from academic literature such as journals and books that have been critically synthesized. The findings show that post-positivism views AI as a tentative critical realism tool for empirical verification. Critical theory critiques power relations, ideology, and the ethics of technological domination. Constructivism emphasizes the construction of social knowledge through human-centered design that supports creativity and collaboration. The positive impacts of AI include instant feedback and content adaptation, while the negative impacts include social isolation, weak digital literacy, and data privacy. Therefore, the implication is the wise use of AI with the assistance of teaching staff to strengthen reflective analysis, ethical literacy, and paradigm adjustments in accordance with the exact or social sciences to create multidimensional learning in the digital era.

This study analyzes the process of construction and resistance to the double burden experienced by the character Kaluna in the film Home Sweet Loan (2024) through the perspective of Judith Butler's gender performativity. Using qualitative content analysis on 13 key scenes, it was found that Kaluna's double burden of office work and bearing the economic and domestic responsibilities of an extended family was constructed through stylized repetition of acts. The results show that Kaluna experiences a double burden of professional and domestic work shaped by social norms and family expectations. However, the film also depicts Kaluna's resistance to this construction through verbal and emotional actions and personal decisions that challenge the patriarchal structure. This study concludes that Home Sweet Loan not only represents the double burden of modern women, but also shows women's agency in resisting and negotiating their gender identity. These actions deconstruct oppressive gender identities and form a new, independent subjectivity. The film emphasizes that the double burden of women is not a natural law, but rather a social performance that can be resisted.

This community service program aims to optimize construction project planning through assistance in preparing a business feasibility study at PT Sahabat Anugrah Sejati. The construction sector is a strategic industry that requires effective resource management, proper risk mitigation, and accurate planning to ensure project success. Therefore, the program supported the partner in analyzing financial, managerial, market, and economic aspects prior to making investment decisions for the proposed project. The results show that the project is feasible based on the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) analyses. An efficient organizational structure, a competent management team, and strong supervision mechanisms further strengthen the project’s operational readiness. Increasing demand for construction services also enhances the company’s market prospects. However, several areas still require improvement, including heavy equipment utilization, material efficiency, and digital marketing strategies. This program provides strategic recommendations to help PT Sahabat Anugrah Sejati improve project feasibility, operational effectiveness, and long-term business sustainability.

Islamic architecture in the archipelago cannot be understood as simply a transfer of physical forms from the Middle East to Southeast Asia. It is the result of a deep cultural dialogue between universal Islamic principles and local wisdom that has been formed since pre-Islamic times. When Islam spread in the archipelago, it did not exist as a force that negates Hindu, Buddhist, and vernacular traditions, but rather proceeded through visual and structural synthesis that gave birth to a distinctive and hybrid Islamic architectural identity. One of the most iconic manifestations of this process is the use of overlapping roofs in historic mosques such as the Great Mosque of Demak and the Great Mosque of Banten. Different from typical Persian or Mediterranean stone domes, this multi-storey wooden structure is inspired by the concept of Meru in Hindu-Javanese architecture. The choice is not only symbolic, but also a functional adaptation to the tropical climate, as it allows for efficient rainwater disposal as well as optimal natural ventilation. Spatially, the placement of mosques follows the concept of Catur Gatra Tunggal, which is the integration of mosques with squares, government centers, and markets. This pattern reflects the integration between the spiritual, political, and economic life of the community. In the interior, the use of Saka Guru shows the appointment of local construction techniques as the main element of worship buildings. Aspects of syncretism are also seen in ornamentation, where pre-Islamic figurative motifs are transformed into flora and calligraphy patterns that are in harmony with the principles of Islamic aniconism. Thus, the archipelago's Islamic architecture represents Islam as an inclusive and contextual force that is able to process local traditions into a sustainable new identity.

This study aims to understand how the spirit of innovation and the meaning of entrepreneurship are constructed through the lived experiences of startup business actors in the digital economy era. Using a qualitative narrative inquiry approach within the social constructivist paradigm, this research explores how startup entrepreneurs interpret innovation, resilience in the face of failure, and social responsibility as integral parts of their entrepreneurial identity. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis of startups in the technology, education, and creative economy sectors in Indonesia. Narrative thematic analysis reveals that innovation is understood not merely as a business strategy but also as a form of self-expression and the construction of entrepreneurial identity. Failure is perceived as a reflective learning process that shapes resilience and generates new meaning in the entrepreneurial journey. Moreover, entrepreneurship is interpreted as a meaningful journey that integrates economic goals with social and moral values. The digital ecosystem functions as a social space where entrepreneurial values are negotiated, shared, and reinforced through interaction and collaboration. These findings affirm that entrepreneurship in the digital era is a social process involving creativity, ethical reflection, and sustainable innovation. Theoretically, this study contributes to expanding the understanding of entrepreneurship as a social practice, while practically emphasizing the importance of reflective learning and value awareness in building a sustainable and meaningful startup ecosystem for society.

This study aims to understand how green accounting practices are constructed as a social reality within organizations and how environmental awareness develops through social interaction, organizational values, and culture. The research adopts an interpretive qualitative approach within the social construction paradigm (Berger & Luckmann, 1966). Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis in organizations that have implemented sustainability reporting. The analysis employed an interpretive thematic approach to uncover the meanings underlying environmental accounting practices. The findings indicate that green accounting functions not only as a technical reporting instrument but also as a mechanism for shaping organizational moral and ecological awareness. Environmental awareness is constructed through three main stages: the externalization of sustainability values by leadership, objectivation through policies and reporting systems, and internalization within work behavior and organizational culture. Participatory, reflective, and innovation-oriented organizational cultures strengthen the substantive implementation of green accounting, whereas bureaucratic structures tend to produce symbolic practices or greenwashing. Theoretically, this study reinforces the view that accounting is a social practice that both shapes and is shaped by collective consciousness (Hopwood, 1992; Gray, 2010). Practically, the findings highlight the importance of visionary leadership and social learning spaces in fostering a sustainability-oriented organizational culture. Thus, green accounting is understood as a social process that plays a strategic role in realizing ethical, sustainable, and environmentally responsible organizations.

This study investigates how Lembaga Musik Pervagatus, a group that does not display Islamic identity, creates an Islamic musical image when performing at religious events in Islamic campuses.  This study investigates how visual elements, song selection, and stage interaction influence audience perception. It does so using qualitative methods through interviews and performance observations.  How the band's performative identity is influenced by attributes such as appearance, personality, cultural values, and audience relations is studied using Kapferer's Brand Identity Prism model.  Conversely, Stuart Hall's theory of representation helps explain how Islamic meaning emerges in the context of events. The results show that the image of Islamic music attached to Pervagatus does not originate from the band's original identity; rather, it is a construction of meaning influenced by the context of religious events and the audience's interpretation of the song ‘Maulana Ya Maulana’ that they performed.  This perception was further reinforced by their neat, polite, and enthusiastic appearance.  The results show that the relationship between performance, context, and audience interpretation shapes the image of Islamic music on campus.

The phenomenon occurring in society regarding deeds of sale and purchase drawn up by land deed officials that contain material defects is certainly contrary to what is stipulated by law. Thus, the research questions are: What are the legal consequences of a material defect in a Deed of Sale and Purchase drawn up by a Land Deed Official? and How does a material defect in a Deed of Sale and Purchase drawn up by a Land Deed Official arise? In this study, the researcher uses Otto Jan Michael's theory of legal certainty and R. Soeroso's theory of legal consequences. The research method used in this study is normative juridical research janis, namely legal research with literature studies. The research approaches used are legislation, conceptual approach, analytical approach and case approach. The technique of collecting legal materials is by identifying and inventorying positive legal rules. Literature, journals and other sources of legal materials. For the analysis technique of legal materials, it is carried out by grammatical interpretation, systematic interpretation, analogy construction and legal refinement construction. The results of this study found the conclusion that the legal consequences of the sale and purchase deed being carried out unilaterally made before PPAT caused the sale and purchase deed to not have legal certainty. Although the sale and purchase deed was made formally by and before PPAT, the legal action contained a material defect, and was canceled by the court, there was also a legal relationship between the legal subjects, the cancellation showed legal certainty, but gave birth to a lawsuit due to unlawful acts, and the legal certainty of the sale and purchase deed made by PPAT contained material defects making PPAT not have binding legal force which resulted in unilateral The sale of land must be done by mutual agreement or known to both parties, in addition to having no legal force, the deed is canceled by the court. Thus, the cancellation of the sale and purchase deed contains a material defect in the court, providing legal certainty for matters that are not in accordance with the applicable provisions of the law.

The rapid development of digital streaming platforms such as Netflix has generated a large volume of content data with diverse characteristics, thereby requiring effective analytical methods to understand emerging patterns and trends. This study aims to classify Netflix content into two main categories, namely movies and television shows, and to analyze genre trends and content characteristics using a data mining approach with the Naive Bayes algorithm. The dataset used in this study is the Netflix Shows dataset, consisting of 8,809 content entries, with the primary features analyzed including genre, rating, and country of production. The research process begins with data exploration and preprocessing stages, including data cleaning, handling missing values, and transforming categorical features to enable effective model construction. Subsequently, the dataset is divided into training and testing sets to objectively and systematically build and evaluate the Naive Bayes classification model. Model performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics to assess the model’s ability to accurately distinguish between Netflix content types. The experimental results demonstrate that the Naive Bayes algorithm is able to classify Netflix content into Movie and TV Show categories with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score values of 100%, respectively. The confusion matrix indicates that no misclassification occurred, suggesting that genre, rating, and country of production features provide a very clear separation between content classes. These findings indicate that the Naive Bayes algorithm can achieve exceptionally high classification performance with optimal evaluation results. The results further reveal distinct differences in characteristics between movies and television shows based on genre and production attributes. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the development of content recommendation systems and strategic content management within the streaming industry.

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting real wages of construction workers across provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2023 using panel data analysis. The independent variables include Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP), Consumer Price Index (CPI), Open Unemployment Rate (TPT), and Performance Pay (Balas Jasa). A panel dataset of 476 observations from 34 provinces over 14 years was analyzed using three model approaches: Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). The best model was determined through Chow Test, Hausman Test, and Lagrange Multiplier Test, which confirmed that the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the most appropriate for analyzing this research data. FEM estimation results show that simultneously, all independent variables (UMP, CPI, TPT, and Performance Pay) have a significant effect on real wages with an F-statistic value of 436,465.9 (p-value = 0.0000 < 0.05), indicating that the model as a whole is highly valid and capable of explaining the variation in real wages collectively. However, partial tests reveal that only the Real Wage variable has a positive and statistically significant effect on Performance Pay (coefficient = 106.3320; t-statistic = 1276.083; p-value = 0.0000), while UMP (p-value = 0.1472), CPI (p-value = 0.6460), and TPT (p-value = 0.6934) show no significant effects at the 5% significance level. The research model demonstrates very high predictive ability with an R-squared value of 0.999735 (99.97%), indicating that the variables studied can explain nearly all variation in real wages of construction workers at the provincial level. This research provides policy implications that improving real wages in the construction sector requires an integrated approach that focuses not only on minimum wage setting but also on regional inflation control, human capital quality improvement, and creating conducive labor market conditions through unemployment reduction

This study explores how Generation Z constructs work values and meaning in modern organizations shaped by digitalization and social transformation. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach under a social constructivist paradigm, the research investigates the lived experiences of young professionals in the digital, creative, and startup sectors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and non-participant observation and analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006; Moustakas, 1994). Findings show that Generation Z defines work through three interrelated dimensions: (1) intrinsic motivation grounded in personal purpose and self-expression, (2) redefined productivity emphasizing creativity and emotional balance rather than quantitative output, and (3) job satisfaction derived from inclusive culture and adaptive leadership. These results support Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000) and Social Constructionism (Berger & Luckmann, 1966), showing that work meaning is socially constructed rather than objectively given. Overall, the study concludes that for Generation Z, work represents not merely economic activity but a medium for identity, contribution, and personal growth, urging organizations to embrace meaning-centered and value-driven leadership to enhance engagement and fulfillment.

This study examines Japanese advertising and product-information texts on Shiseido Japan’s official website (www.brand.shiseido.co.jp) that grammatically prevent readers from construing statements as universal claims (“always” or “true for everyone”). It addresses two problems: how universal readings are blocked through grammatical construction in this register, and how the main blocking mechanisms differ in limiting generalisation and managing scope. The data consist of sentence-level usage, precautionary, and quality-related statements that plausibly invite broad general interpretations. Seven analytically representative tokens are used as illustrative evidence, covering wake-negation, baai-based case framing, and event/occasion packaging with V-ru koto ga aru, including rare-event calibration with mare ni and layered conditional framing. The study employs qualitative, theory-driven grammatical analysis focusing on clause structure, embedding, nominalisation, connective relations, and the compositional contribution of key markers. The results identify recurring templates with distinct structural signatures. Wake-negation blocks over-strong uptake by denying a candidate inference (…to iu wake de wa arimasen). Case framing with baai shifts categorical commitments into situation-restricted possibility (…baai ga arimasu), including complex variants that add causal linkage, avoidance marking, and directive closure. Event/occasion packaging with koto plus existential predication (…koto ga arimasu) presents anomalies as contingent occurrences, and it can be triggered by causal conditions (e.g., temperature change) or conditional frames (…to). Rare-event marking with mare ni further calibrates frequency and often co-occurs with contrastive reassurance about quality. Overall, universal-blocking emerges as a set of non-redundant grammatical routes that constrain inference, situational domain, and event profiling in a compact public informational genre.

The revitalization of the Rukun Masyarakat (Parukmas) Market through innovative Instagrammable photo spots is a strategic effort to develop the potential for creative tourism in Yosodadi Village, Metro Timur District. The market, which previously served only as a center of local economic activity, is being revitalized into a public space-based tourist destination that is aesthetic, educational, and attractive. This transformation aims to create a new experience for visitors by presenting an engaging, thematic visual design that aligns with social media trends, particularly Instagram. This research aims to design and implement Instagrammable photo spots that can enhance the appeal of Parukmas Market and evaluate their impact on increasing visitor numbers and empowering the surrounding community economically. The research method used is participatory, involving the community, vendors, and local stakeholders in the planning, design, and construction of the facility. Evaluation is conducted through direct observation of market activities and visitor satisfaction surveys to assess responses and perceived benefits. The expected outcome of this activity is the creation of a creative space that can enhance social interaction, strengthen local identity, attract tourists, and open new business opportunities for the community, thereby strengthening the local economy and increasing vendor income.

This study aims to understand how accounting functions as a social construction in shaping the meaning of transparency and responsibility in the modern business world. Accounting has long been viewed as a technical, neutral, and objective system; however, both financial and non-financial reporting practices also reflect the values, ideologies, and moral consciousness embedded within organizations. Using a qualitative interpretive approach within the framework of social constructivism (Berger & Luckmann, 1966), this study explores the meanings constructed by accounting practitioners through social interactions, organizational culture, and reporting policies. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis of corporate reports, and were analyzed using interpretative thematic analysis. The results reveal that transparency and responsibility are not merely formal obligations but the outcomes of social processes involving the externalization of values by leaders, the objectivation of those values through reporting systems, and their internalization within individual moral awareness. In this context, accounting functions as a social language that reflects organizational morality, legitimacy, and identity. Organizations with participatory and reflective cultures are found to develop more authentic transparency, while bureaucratic structures tend to produce symbolic transparency. Theoretically, this study contributes to the discourse of critical accounting by asserting that accounting numbers and reports are socially constructed artifacts imbued with values. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of ethical leadership, reflective culture, and social dialogue as foundational elements for implementing authentic transparency and sustainable corporate responsibility.

This study aims to examine business models in the gypsum sector by utilizing the Business Model Canvas (BMC) framework. The gypsum business is one of the fields that is growing rapidly in line with the increasing need for residential construction, building renovation, and aesthetic and functional interior design. However, to be able to survive and compete in an increasingly competitive market, gypsum business actors are required to have a business model that is structured, adaptive, and value-oriented for customers. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews and direct observation of Nury Gipsum's business located in Klaten Regency. The results show that all nine elements in the Business Model Canvas, namely key partners, key activities, key resources, value offerings, customer relationships, distribution channels, customer segments, cost structure, and revenue streams, have been optimally implemented. Thus, the Business Model Canvas has proven to be effective in providing a comprehensive overview of business operations and can be a strategic basis for decision-making and gypsum business development in the future.

The development of philosophy from the classical to the contemporary era shows fundamental changes in the way humans understand reality with the emergence of various schools of thought that address epistemological, ontological, and ethical issues in an increasingly complex social context. This study aims to examine the contributions of key concepts from rationalism, empiricism, idealism, materialism, positivism, pragmatism, phenomenology, existentialism, Marxism, Islamic existentialism, and neopositivism, as well as assess their relevance to modern dynamics such as identity crises, technological advances, and changes in socio-economic structures. Using a conceptual approach to literature review, various previous studies were analyzed to build an integrated understanding of the position of each school of thought in the development of science and social practice. The findings show that rationalism and empiricism continue to underpin scientific methods, idealism and materialism offer different perspectives on social construction, phenomenology and existentialism deepen the understanding of subjective experience, while Marxism and pragmatism provide an analytical framework for power relations and practical action. Neopositivism continues to influence quantitative methodology, while Islamic existentialism provides a contextual moral perspective. This study emphasizes the need for an interdisciplinary approach because no single philosophical school of thought is capable of explaining reality in its entirety.

General education at Islamic Religious Higher Education Institutions (PTKI) plays an important role in developing students’ critical thinking skills so they can analyze religious and social issues reflectively and contextually. However, learning practices in PTKI are still dominated by teacher-centered approaches and low cognitive achievement, which limits the development of analytical, evaluative, and problem-solving abilities. Meanwhile, studies show that integrating digital media, particularly video, can improve conceptual understanding, motivation, and cognitive engagement, yet a digital video-based meaningful learning model specifically designed for the PTKI context remains limited. Therefore, this study aims to formulate a Digital Video-Based Meaningful Learning Model (MPBBVD) to enhance students’ critical thinking skills. This research employed a literature review method by analyzing books, scientific articles, research reports, and digital sources related to meaningful learning, constructivism, multimedia learning, digital video use, and critical thinking development. Data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively to identify the theoretical foundations, learning syntax, and design principles of the model. The findings indicate that MPBBVD integrates Ausubel’s Meaningful Learning theory, constructivist perspectives from Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner, Mayer’s Multimedia Learning theory, and the critical thinking framework of Facione and Ennis. The model uses digital video as the main learning medium and applies the ACTIVE stages (Attend, Connect, Think, Interpret, Verify, Evaluate) to promote contextual and interactive learning. Integrating pre-, during-, and post-video activities supports knowledge construction, reduces cognitive load, and increases student engagement, contributing theoretically and practically to improving critical thinking in PTKI in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era.