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This study aims to examine the implementation of the storytelling method as an effective strategy in character education in elementary schools. In the challenging era of globalization, students are not only required to be academically intelligent, but also to have strong characters and noble morals. The rapid flow of information and changes in social values ​​that occur require a learning approach that is able to build the moral foundation of students from an early age. The storytelling method is present as one solution because it is able to convey character values ​​in a fun, contextual, and touching way for children's emotions. This study uses a qualitative literature study approach, by reviewing various research results, scientific journals, articles, and books related to the application of the storytelling method in character learning. The results of the study show that stories can instill the values ​​of honesty, responsibility, empathy, tolerance, and cooperation more meaningfully. The active involvement of teachers as storytellers and learning facilitators has a major influence on building students' emotional involvement and creating a positive learning atmosphere. However, there are still challenges such as limited media, lack of teacher training, and limited time in class. Therefore, innovative strategies such as the use of audiovisual media, role-playing, and making stories with students are effective alternatives. In conclusion, the storytelling method is a potential approach to instilling character values ​​comprehensively and sustainably.

Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a commonly used nonprescription cough suppressant that has gained field of science attention with its growing complex pharmacological effects and increased incidences of nonmedical use. This review is focused on pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics and CNS effects of DXM, especially on its action mechanism and the interaction with neural circuits and neurotransmitter systems. Although DXM has retained clinical utility as an antitussive, and has demonstrated potential as an off-label agent for neuropsychiatric disease, the recreational use of high doses can have harmful effects on the nervous system. At high doses DXM is capable of dissociation and hallucination similar to those induced by some opioids and NMDA antagonists, altering both mental status and cognition while being associated with neurotoxic effects. In this article, review and compare the similarities and differences between DXM and classic opioids in terms of their potential for abuse and their neurological effects. By case examples and existing epidemiological data, it also highlights the mounting abuse of DXM, most notably by children and young adults, posing a pressing public health challenge. Legislation on DXM is also described and differences in legislative response worldwide are highlighted. Finally, the article finishes by emphasizing the requirement for further studies involving other disciplines to detail the long-term neurological consequences of DXM abuse and to promote integrated public health interventions targeting education, prevention, and clinical treatment.

Generation Alpha refers to children born after 2010, who are growing up in a rapidly evolving digital ecosystem. In the Indonesian context, the emergence of depressive disorders among this generation poses a critical mental health challenge that has not been thoroughly addressed. This study aims to analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Generation Alpha, identify the major risk factors, and evaluate current and potential preventive strategies through a narrative literature review approach. Data were collected from national and international journals using platforms such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Garuda, with inclusion criteria covering articles published between 2019 and 2024 and relevant to children’s mental health. Findings reveal a significant increase in depressive symptoms among children aged 5 to 13 years. Key risk factors include non-democratic parenting styles, academic stress, bullying in school environments, and excessive use of digital gadgets. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic and remote learning have exacerbated children’s mental health, particularly among those from low-income families or with limited access to psychological support. On the other hand, preventive strategies involving holistic approaches such as school-based mental health education, play therapy, digital mental health interventions, and Islamic spirituality-based approaches have demonstrated considerable potential in mitigating depressive symptoms. This review highlights the urgency of implementing multi-level and context-sensitive prevention strategies through collaboration between schools, families, and community-based institutions.

Gross motor development in toddlers (aged 1–3 years) serves as a crucial foundation for their physical, cognitive, and social growth. Parental knowledge about the stages of this development is essential for providing appropriate stimulation and early detection of developmental delays. However, studies indicate that many parents, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, still have limited understanding, potentially hindering the optimal development of their children. This study aims to analyze parental knowledge of gross motor development in toddlers through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 20 selected studies conducted between 2020 and 2025. The findings reveal variability in parental knowledge levels, with education, access to digital information, and the role of healthcare professionals identified as key determinants. Recommended interventions include community-based education programs via posyandu (integrated health posts) for rural areas and the use of digital platforms for urban populations, supported by multisectoral policy integration to ensure program effectiveness and sustainability.

This article discusses the expression development activities and character education of children at the Baitussalam Orphanage in Blitar Regency through a social service program with the theme "Children's Voices for the World Through Pictures and Words." This program is designed by dividing into 2 groups, namely for children aged 10-14 years with a focus on public speaking training aimed at increasing self-confidence, communication skills, and courage to speak in public. Meanwhile, for children aged 5-9 years, activities include coloring and storytelling which aim to hone creativity and language skills in a fun and interactive way. In addition to these activities, there is also material related to character education, which is an integral part of this program to form positive attitudes and moral values from an early age. The approach used is tailored to the developmental stage of the child's age, so as to maximize their potential for expression through pictures and words, as well as foster self-confidence and social skills that are important for their future. This program demonstrates that the development of public speaking and creative expression through art and storytelling can be an effective medium in children's character education in an orphanage environment.

Indonesia and Malaysia, as neighboring countries, share deep historical, economic, and social ties, leading to significant migration flows between them. However, alongside legal migration, a considerable number of undocumented Indonesian migrants reside in Malaysia, often accompanied by their children, who are born without proper documentation. These undocumented children face severe barriers to education, as Malaysia’s legal framework, influenced by its reservation to Article 28 of the CRC, restricts access based on nationality and legal status. Despite both states being parties to the CRC, which mandates equal educational rights for all children without discrimination, Malaysia’s policies continue to exclude undocumented children from formal education. This study examines Malaysia’s legal stance, its contradiction with CRC obligations, and the impact on Indonesian children. Malaysia, as the host state, must take greater responsibility by ensuring non-discriminatory access to education and aligning its legal framework with its international commitments. The withdrawal of Malaysia’s reservation to Article 28 CRC and potential constitutional amendments are necessary steps toward fulfilling the right to education for all children within its territory.

This research analyzes the ethics of broadcasting advertisements on television media, especially related to  broadcasting time regulations. The significant role of television in shaping people's thoughts and  behaviors, coupled with the proliferation of potentially unethical and inappropriate broadcasts, highlights  the urgency of this issue. Such violations, especially those concerning children and adolescents, pose  significant risks due to exposure to inappropriate content and the normalization of unethical behavior. This  study emphasizes the importance of media commitment to the Broadcasting Behavior Guidelines and  Broadcast Program Standards (P3SPS) and Law No. 32 of 2002, which aims to protect viewers from  harmful information. This study uses a library observation method with a qualitative approach, analyzing  existing reports, research, and written sources. Data analysis uses Miles and Huberman's qualitative  decomposition technique, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The  findings of the study are in line with previous studies, indicating that violations of broadcasting ethics and  broadcasting hours are systemic problems that have not been resolved. This underlines the need for stricter  supervision, sanctions, re-evaluation of broadcasting time classifications, and media literacy education for  the community.

This community service activity aims to form a Mosque Youth organization and develop creative work programs as an effort to foster the character of the younger generation in Kepenghuluan Lenggadai Hulu. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which emphasizes the active participation of youth and the community in every stage of the activity, from problem identification, planning, implementation, to evaluation. The identification results show that there is no structured youth organization forum that hinders the participation and development of the potential of the mosque's younger generation. Activities are carried out through the formation of a Mosque Youth organizational structure with a clear division of tasks (chairman, secretary, treasurer, field coordinator) and the preparation of an annual work program. The initial program carried out in the form of competitions in commemoration of Islamic holidays, including Al-Qur'an memorization competitions, adhan, children's Muslim fashion shows, and coloring Islamic pictures. The program was attended by 45 participants and received a positive response from the community, and was able to increase youth participation in prospering the mosque. This service shows that the formation of participatory-based youth organizations, accompanied by relevant and creative work programs, can be an effective strategy in reactivating the role of the mosque as a center for fostering the younger generation of Islam.

This community service activity aims to form a Mosque Youth organization and develop creative work programs as an effort to foster the character of the younger generation in Kepenghuluan Lenggadai Hulu. The method used is Participatory Action Research (PAR), which emphasizes the active participation of youth and the community in every stage of the activity, from problem identification, planning, implementation, to evaluation. The identification results show that there is no structured youth organization forum that hinders the participation and development of the potential of the mosque's younger generation. Activities are carried out through the formation of a Mosque Youth organizational structure with a clear division of tasks (chairman, secretary, treasurer, field coordinator) and the preparation of an annual work program. The initial program carried out in the form of competitions in commemoration of Islamic holidays, including Al-Qur'an memorization competitions, adhan, children's Muslim fashion shows, and coloring Islamic pictures. The program was attended by 45 participants and received a positive response from the community, and was able to increase youth participation in prospering the mosque. This service shows that the formation of participatory-based youth organizations, accompanied by relevant and creative work programs, can be an effective strategy in reactivating the role of the mosque as a center for fostering the younger generation of Islam.

Language development in early childhood is a fundamental aspect in shaping children's cognitive, social, and emotional abilities. However, in today's digital era, excessive use of gadgets has become a common habit in parenting patterns, which has the potential to inhibit children's speech development. This article aims to examine the impact of gadget use on speech delays in early childhood using a literature review approach to the literature from 2020–2025. The results of the study indicate that passive interaction through gadgets, without adequate verbal guidance and stimulation, can reduce the frequency of dialogue and children's social involvement. This condition increases the risk of speech delay, expressive communication disorders, and vocabulary limitations. In addition, factors such as permissive parenting, technoference, and lack of direct verbal activity are significant contributors to obstacles to language development. Therefore, an active role is needed for parents in limiting screen time, assisting with the use of digital media, and creating an environment rich in verbal interaction. Public education and early detection are also important solutions to prevent and treat speech delays from an early age.

Making ecoprints to improve skills in using natural materials in learning arts and culture and crafts for elementary school children in Kalijambe, Sragen. Making this ecoprint means that the motifs produced on each fabric have different colors and patterns even though they use the same type of plant leaves. This is due to several factors, the relatively different shapes of the leaves. The introduction of ecoprinting to elementary school children creates a creative experience in learning arts and culture and crafts. Another contribution that can be achieved from this training is the growth of students' awareness of the potential of the environment and the desire to preserve nature. Ecoprint work training also provides real and meaningful learning experiences. Exploring the variety of natural materials around, especially leaves, adds value to aesthetic sensitivity. Apart from that, ecoprints also have quite a lot of selling value.

Wasting affects health and threatens children potential. Direct factors such as food intake need to be maximized to improve nutritional status. This study aims to determine the differences in energy and macronutrient intake, food parenting, and exclusive breastfeeding history in wasting and non-wasting toddlers in the working area of Sidotopo Wetan Health Center Surabaya. This study is a case control study. Total respondents were 88 toddlers aged 7-60 months, consist 44 wasting toddlers taken with total sampling technique and 44 non-wasting toddlers taken with purposive sampling technique with age and gender matching. Energy intake and macronutrients were obtained by 3x24 hour food recall questionnaire, food parenting patterns obtained from filling out FPSQ (Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire) and FPSQ-M (Milk Version) questionnaires, exclusive breastfeeding history obtained through interviews with questionnaires, anthropometric data measured using digital scales and microtoas. Data analysis used independent t-test and Mann Whitney test. The results of this study showed there were significant differences in energy intake (p=0.000), carbohydrates (p=0.023), protein (p=0.000), fat (p=0.000), and exclusive breastfeeding history (p=0.003) and there was no significant difference in food parenting (p=0.632) between wasting and non-wasting toddlers. Parents are expected to pay attention to food intake and provide exclusive breastfeeding.

The use of formula milk for infants is still common in the early stages of life and has the potential to hinder successful breastfeeding, even though the benefits of breast milk have been widely proven. Education and lactation counseling are considered important strategies to support breastfeeding practices and reduce the unnecessary use of formula milk. However, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of lactation counseling in reducing the intensity of formula milk use is still limited, especially in the context of primary health care in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of lactation counseling in reducing the intensity of formula feeding in infants. This study uses a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design. The sample consisted of 20 mothers who had infants and met the inclusion criteria in the Popayato Community Health Center working area, selected using total sampling technique. The intervention took the form of structured lactation counseling provided by health workers. The intensity of formula feeding was measured before and after the intervention using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed descriptively and bivariately using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed a decrease in the intensity of formula feeding after lactation counseling. The Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference between the intensity of formula feeding before and after education (p = 0.000). Lactation counseling was proven to be effective in reducing the intensity of formula feeding in infants. This educational intervention has the potential to be an important promotional strategy in maternal and child health services to support more optimal breastfeeding practices..

Instilling Islamic art values ​​from an early age is a strategic step in shaping children's character based on local spiritual and cultural values. One potential approach to achieving this goal is through the introduction and learning of traditional Islamic musical instruments, such as the gendang habsyi. The gendang habsyi, as a musical instrument that is identical to the poems of praise to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, has high educational and spiritual value, and is able to attract children's interest through its rhythmic and interactive elements. This article aims to examine the role of the gendang habsyi in fostering elementary school children's interest in Islamic art, both from musical, educational, and social aspects. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study involved observation and interviews with art teachers, students, and parents at an Islamic elementary school. The findings show that the introduction of the gendang habsyi is not only able to arouse children's interest in Islamic musical art, but also strengthen their love for Islamic culture, foster a spirit of togetherness, and increase children's self-confidence in expressing themselves positively. In addition, the fun and contextual learning method through the habsyi drum game has proven effective in building an inclusive and meaningful learning atmosphere. Therefore, the integration of habsyi drums in the art curriculum at the elementary school level is worth considering as one of the strategic alternatives in Islamic art education based on local culture.

This study aims to examine the implementation of kinesthetic and visual-spatial intelligence learning in early childhood. The background of this research is the importance of developing multiple intelligences in early childhood, especially kinesthetic and visual-spatial intelligence which often receive less attention in formal learning. The research methods used include limited participatory observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, and documentation of children's work and lesson planning documents. The results of the research at TKIT Siti Khadijah show that the learning activities designed consistently support the development of children's multiple intelligences. A case study of a child named Abbil showed significant progress in visual-spatial intelligence through coloring activities, assembling lego blocks, and basic introduction to visual programming. In the kinesthetic aspect, Abbil showed good body coordination through morning exercises and traditional games such as engklek, as well as social-kinesthetic skills in group games. This study concludes that developing kinesthetic and visual-spatial intelligence through a holistic and fun learning approach can help children reach their full potential.

brings various challenges as well as opportunities in efforts to improve the quality of early The implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) childhood education in Indonesia. This article discusses the views of teachers regarding the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, highlighting aspects of understanding, implementation, and impact. Based on the results of the questionnaire and in-depth analysis, it is known that most teachers have understood the Independent Curriculum quite well, although more optimal training and mentoring are still needed. Obstacles faced in its implementation include limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of support from management, and challenges in adapting new learning approaches. Even so, the Independent Curriculum has been proven to have a positive influence on children's enthusiasm for learning and increase parental participation in the education process. In conclusion, with the cooperation and commitment of various parties to continue to improve the quality of PAUD, the Independent Curriculum has great potential to provide innovation and maximum benefits for the growth and development of children in Indonesia.

Traditional games play an important role in early childhood development, particularly in stimulating creativity and social skills. One such game from Gorontalo, Indonesia is Awuta, which is now rarely played but holds great potential in supporting children's growth. Awuta enhances fine and gross motor skills, encourages strategic thinking, and fosters teamwork. The game also incorporates cultural and philosophical values about the cycle of life and death. This study uses a qualitative literature approach to explore how Awuta supports cognitive, social, and physical development while strengthening cultural identity. Reviving traditional games like Awuta is crucial for balanced learning and character education in the digital era.

This study explores the methods applied by teachers in teaching dance to early childhood children at RA Aisyiyah and its influence on their development. Dance learning does not only focus on motor skills, but also includes children's cognitive, emotional, and social growth. By implementing methods such as demonstration, imitation, imaginative play, and free exploration, teachers at RA Aisyiyah can foster creativity, discipline, and collaboration in children. This study applies a descriptive qualitative approach that takes data from observations and literature reviews. The findings show that the role of teachers is crucial as creative developers in the dance learning process, by adapting methods according to the challenges that arise, such as the child's level of focus, limited space, and variations in interests. This article highlights the importance of a combination of flexible learning methods to optimize the potential of early childhood in the fields of art and character education.

Hypertension, also known as the silent killer, is a serious threat in the world of global health because it causes various vascular diseases to maternal and child mortality during pregnancy. The existence of herb therapy by consuming black garlic has the potential to control and reduce blood pressure. Through this study, it is intended to examine and review the relevant literature and summarized to obtain information about the effectiveness of black garlic consumption on lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The research method uses a literature review based on Google Scholar as a database within the maximum publication range of the last 5 years. The data used is secondary data from previous research results. The results showed that there was a decrease in blood pressure in hypertensive patients after consuming black garlic due to the presence of S-allyl cysteine (SAC), flavonoids, and hydrogen sulfide compounds. Therefore, it has the opportunity to become one of the options in traditional therapy to prevent and treat hypertension conditions.

This study examines interfaith marriage and its impact on family economic rights from the perspectives of Islamic law and positive law in Indonesia, with a case focus on Sumedang Regency. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research involved semi-structured interviews with both traditional and modern Islamic scholars, along with an analysis of religious texts and statutory regulations. The findings reveal that the majority of scholars reject interfaith marriage based on Sharia principles and Article 2(1) of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage. Nevertheless, some couples pursue such unions through administrative religious conversion or overseas ceremonies to obtain legal recognition. These practices often result in legal ambiguity regarding economic rights within the family—such as inheritance, joint property, and financial support—and may lead to familial disputes. Additional social consequences include identity confusion among children, community stigma, and potential conflicts within extended families. The study underscores the strategic role of institutions like Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) and the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) in providing legal education and advocates the need for a responsive civil registration mechanism that acknowledges interfaith marriages while respecting Islamic legal principles. A contextual approach is proposed to bridge the tension between religious norms, legal certainty, and the protection of family economic rights.