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This research aims to analyze the intrinsic elements in the novel “Danur” by SSsRisa Saraswati using descriptive qualitative method. The main focus of this analysis includes theme, character, plot, setting, point of view, language style, and mandate contained in the novel. The qualitative method was chosen because it allows researchers to explore the meaning and context of the text in depth, as well as understand the interaction between these elements in forming the whole narrative. The results of the analysis show that the main theme of the novel revolves around the supernatural experiences experienced by the main character, as well as the relationship between the real world and the supernatural world. The characters in “Danur” are built with strong details, creating interesting dynamics in a storyline that moves forward with several flashbacks. The time and place settings provide important context for understanding the conflict. The first-person point of view deepens the emotional experience of the main character, while the language style used creates an atmosphere that supports the theme of the story. This research is expected to contribute to the study of Indonesian literature, especially in understanding Risa Saraswati's works and the application of qualitative methods in literary analysis.

Slang is a rapidly growing linguistic phenomenon among Indonesian teenagers, especially in daily interactions and social media usage. This widespread use of slang is predicted to impact teenagers' formal language skills, particularly in the context of proper and correct Indonesian. This study aims to identify the influence of slang usage on formal language proficiency among teenagers. Using a qualitative approach, this research was conducted through observations and interviews with several students at the Perguruan Indonesia Raya Foundation in Bandung. The results indicate that excessive use of slang can decrease teenagers' formal language skills, particularly in writing and speaking. However, slang can also enrich linguistic variation among teenagers as a form of expression and social identity. Therefore, an appropriate educational strategy is needed to maintain a balance between slang and formal language usage among teenagers

This research is motivated by the researcher’s curiosity about discrimination and social conflict, which are the central themes in the novel Maryam by Okky Madasari. The main character in this novel, Maryam, faces an inner conflict between maintaining her personal beliefs and coping with the social pressures exerted by her community and family. The internal and external conflicts experienced by Maryam illustrate the psychological dynamics of individuals living in an intolerant environment. To understand these conflicts, this study applies Sigmund Freud's psychological approach, emphasizing the interaction among the id, ego, and superego. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, employing a literature review. The analysis reveals that while Maryam’s id drives her to uphold her freedom and personal beliefs, her superego imposes pressure through societal norms and family expectations. Meanwhile, Maryam's ego functions as a mediator, seeking a compromise, though this leads to emotional distress. These internal and external conflicts reflect the social realities faced by individuals from minority groups, which can significantly influence their life choices.

This study evaluates the impact of remote-mentoring programs on prospective teacher preparedness and self-efficacy during their initial teacher training. Teacher preparation is a critical element in developing effective educators, and mentoring plays a pivotal role in enhancing the professional development and confidence of novice teachers. With the growing trend of remote learning, particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic, remote mentoring has emerged as an alternative to traditional face-to-face mentoring. The objective of this study was to assess how remote mentoring influences prospective teachers’ readiness to teach and their belief in their teaching abilities. Through a quasi-experimental design, the study compares two groups of prospective teachers: one group receiving remote mentoring and another group without it. The data were collected using self-efficacy questionnaires and in-depth interviews, focusing on participants' perceived teaching readiness, confidence, and experiences with remote mentoring. The findings suggest that remote mentoring significantly enhanced teaching self-efficacy and preparedness compared to the non-mentored group. While remote mentoring provided flexibility and accessibility, challenges such as technological barriers and the lack of personal interaction were identified. The study concludes that remote mentoring can be an effective tool for teacher preparation, particularly in areas where traditional mentoring is difficult to implement. Recommendations include the use of blended approaches, combining online mentoring with occasional face-to-face interactions, to overcome the limitations of remote learning. Further research is suggested to explore the long-term effects of remote mentoring on teacher performance and to compare mentoring practices across different disciplines and regions.

This study explores the role of peer mentoring as a strategy to reduce student dropout rates and strengthen social support networks in universities. Using a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the research examined students’ sense of belonging, academic motivation, persistence intention, and access to emotional and academic support. The findings indicate that peer mentoring significantly enhances students’ sense of community, increases their academic motivation, and strengthens their commitment to continue their studies. Compared to other retention strategies such as academic counseling or financial support, peer mentoring provides unique advantages by fostering ongoing peer-to-peer relationships and expanding social networks. Moreover, the study found that mentor–mentee interactions create a safe space for students to share academic challenges, personal concerns, and coping strategies, which contributes to improved well-being and greater confidence in navigating university life. Peer mentoring also offers opportunities for skill development, including communication, collaboration, and self-regulation, making it beneficial not only for mentees but also for mentors. These results suggest that peer mentoring not only mitigates dropout risks but also contributes to building long-term resilience and a supportive learning environment for students. Therefore, universities are encouraged to integrate structured peer mentoring programs into their retention initiatives to promote student success and holistic development.

Stunting remains a chronic nutritional issue in Indonesia, particularly among children under five, affecting cognitive development, physical growth, and the productivity of the younger generation (Ministry of Health, 2023). This community service aims to enhance the role of public administration in promoting policies and programs to combat stunting through education, training, and direct assistance. Activities were conducted in coordination with government officials, health cadres, and local leaders, utilizing local media to raise awareness about nutrition. The results showed a significant increase in community knowledge about stunting and balanced nutrition, with active participation from both officials and residents in the reduction programs. This approach underscores the importance of public administration in fostering sustainable community health initiatives. In parallel, this program also focuses on enhancing community care for orphans through strategies like empathetic communication and social management. Using a participatory and qualitative approach, both the community and orphans were involved in every stage of the activity. The results indicated improved social interactions between the community and orphans, with the children showing positive emotional responses such as comfort and acceptance. The community demonstrated increased participation and responsibility. By integrating empathetic communication with social management, the program successfully enhanced the emotional well-being of orphans and strengthened community solidarity, suggesting a sustainable model for future social care initiatives.

The development of information systems in educational management has become a very necessary need to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of educational institution management. This study explores the concept and implementation of information systems in educational management in Christian educational institutions. The main focus of this study is to understand how information systems can support administrative processes, academic systems, curriculum management, and interactions between educators and students. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method in several Christian educational institutions. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of appropriate information systems can improve the quality of educational services, facilitate access to information, and improve overall organizational performance. However, challenges such as limited resources and resistance to change need to be overcome to achieve successful implementation. This study provides practical recommendations for Christian educational institutions to optimize the use of information systems in their educational management.

Indonesia is a diverse nation with a wide range of religions, ethnicities, cultures, languages, and traditions spread across its vast territory from Sabang to Merauke. This diversity, on the one hand, serves as a strength of the nation, yet on the other hand, it also carries the potential for conflict if not managed properly through the practice of tolerance. Students, as agents of change, hold a strategic role in maintaining harmony and peace, both within campus environments and in society at large. This study aims to analyze the implementation of tolerance values among university students in order to achieve peace in a plural society. The research employs a library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach, analyzing relevant literature on tolerance, students, and social peace. The findings reveal that students’ tolerance can be manifested in academic settings, organizational activities, social interactions, and religious practices. However, its implementation faces challenges such as intolerance, radicalism, identity politics, and the misuse of social media. Strengthening tolerance values can be carried out through multicultural education, character building, and student engagement in cross-cultural and interfaith organizations. Thus, students are not only academic individuals but also moral, social, and intellectual role models who can serve as key drivers in fostering peace and harmony within Indonesia’s diverse society.

The purpose of Indonesian national education is to educate the nation. Adolescence is a time of crisis where teenagers try to find their identity. Today, the world of education is being hit by very deep concern with the frequent occurrence of juvenile delinquency or what is known as juvenile delinquency which has quite serious impacts on the development of themselves (teenagers) and society. Because delinquency is an anti-social act, violating applicable laws, which is carried out by a person approaching adulthood with his own knowledge which if carried out by an adult is qualified as a crime. News about delinquency is sprayed like bullets on the battlefield and unfortunately the ones who are always hit by insults are the schools, in fact, it is not uncommon for the public to assume that the low quality of student behavior or personality is due to the school's inability to control the psyche of its students. In this case, we learn about what types of delinquency are carried out by teenagers, the factors that influence teenagers to commit delinquency and how schools try to overcome this delinquency. The purpose of this study was to determine the forms of juvenile delinquency, factors that influence juvenile delinquency and school efforts in overcoming juvenile delinquency. To obtain accurate data, the author uses qualitative descriptive research, namely by using the method of describing and analyzing research results without using calculation formulas, while in obtaining data the author uses direct observation, interviews with informants, and documentation. From the data obtained, it explains that the real state of juvenile delinquency (students) is still relatively common and not dangerous such as playing truant, coming late to school, not doing homework, making noise and so on. Factors that influence juvenile delinquency are often caused by lack of parental attention (broken home), the influence of playmates and from themselves because they are lazy and afraid of teachers. Then regarding the data obtained as an effort by the school to overcome juvenile delinquency (students), including cooperation with parents and the community and providing educational punishment. In addition, it also creates a commitment to all teachers to always remind every student who commits any form of violation. As a suggestion that must be done in overcoming juvenile delinquency is that parents, schools and the community should create a conducive environment, provide services and motivate teenagers to always fill their free time with positive activities. Establish interactions between students and teachers as harmoniously as possible. There needs to be self-introspection of the Teaching and Learning Activities carried out by teachers and students (teenagers). Parents are expected to pay attention to their children's daily activities and try to direct them to activities that bring benefits.

In the era of globalization, pop culture has become a powerful medium in shaping individual identities, including Muslim identity. This article explores how pop culture influences the transformation of Muslim identity within the context of globalization, particularly among the younger generation. Through a qualitative approach, this research delves into the interaction between elements of popular culture, such as music, film, and social media, with religious practices and values within Islam. The study utilizes in-depth interviews and content analysis from various media platforms, including social media and other media sources, to understand the dynamics of identity change among Muslim youth. The findings will illustrate how pop culture shapes the perspectives and behaviors of the Muslim generation, blending Islamic traditions with elements of modernity to form a unique Muslim identity. This article provides insight into how Muslim identity in the modern era continues to evolve and adapt within an increasingly connected and diverse society. The research makes a significant contribution to our understanding of Muslim identity in the modern age, highlighting the complexity and fluidity of identity in a constantly changing society. This article makes a crucial contribution to cultural and religious studies and paves the way for further research on this topic. It emphasizes the importance of understanding Muslim identity as a dynamic and layered phenomenon that continuously evolves with global culture. This study offers new insights into the transformation of Muslim identity in modern society and underscores the importance of understanding the influence of pop culture on the identity transformation process. Thus, this article contributes to a broader discussion on identity, religion, and culture in the context of globalization.

This study aims to analyze teachers' efforts in forming disciplined attitudes in grade III students of SDN Tanjung Jati 2. The main focus of this research is on the efforts teachers use to instill discipline and the factors that support and hinder this process The approach used in this study is qualitative, with data collection through interviews, observations, and documentation aimed at grade III teachers. The results of the study revealed that: 1) Teachers' efforts in forming students' disciplined attitudes include habituation, role models, application of punishment, giving rewards, and consistency in implementing rules. 2) Factors that support teachers' efforts in forming students' disciplined attitudes include the active role of the principal, cooperation between teachers, and parental involvement. 3) Conversely, factors that hinder the formation of students' disciplined attitudes include the influence of social interactions between students and the less supportive attitudes of parents.

Pasinan Village Park is one of the public spaces that has great potential as a means of recreation, social interaction, and environmental conservation. However, over time, this park has experienced a decline in quality both in terms of infrastructure and biodiversity. This study aims to examine the revitalization process of Pasinan Village Park which involves the active participation of the local community, and to measure its impact on environmental quality and the social life of residents. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach, involving field observations, interviews with related parties, and document analysis. The results of the study indicate that the revitalization of the park not only improves the physical condition of the park, but also increases the sense of community ownership of public space, strengthens social ties, and supports local environmental conservation..

Pasinan Village Park is one of the public spaces that has great potential as a means of recreation, social interaction, and environmental conservation. However, over time, this park has experienced a decline in quality both in terms of infrastructure and biodiversity. This study aims to examine the revitalization process of Pasinan Village Park which involves the active participation of the local community, and to measure its impact on environmental quality and the social life of residents. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach, involving field observations, interviews with related parties, and document analysis. The results of the study indicate that the revitalization of the park not only improves the physical condition of the park, but also increases the sense of community ownership of public space, strengthens social ties, and supports local environmental conservation..

In building a company, each company will maximise its performance to achieve its goals. Because each company has a goal to obtain profit or profit from the production activities carried out and to increase the value of the company. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tax planning, profitability, company size and leverage on firm value. This research was conducted on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) taking data through the website www.idx.co.id to obtain annual report data that has been published and audited by the company in the 2020-2022 period. While the research time was conducted in 2024, the observation period carried out by researchers was in the order of time from 2020 to 2022. The type of approach in this study is to use a quantitative approach. With this type of research relationship using associative methodology where this method is used to determine the interaction or impact between several variables. The results of this study indicate that tax planning has a significant positive effect on firm value The results of this study indicate that profitability has a significant positive effect on firm value The results of this study indicate that company size has no significant effect on firm value. The results of this study indicate that leverage has a significant positive effect on firm value.

This research discusses the interaction between prayer and technology in enhancing the effectiveness of theological education in the digital age. The key issues addressed in this study include the challenges of traditional theological education, the impact of technology on the teaching and learning process, and the importance of integrating spiritual practices within a digital context. The aim of this research is to explore how prayer can be integrated with technology to create a deeper and more effective learning experience. The research method used is qualitative, involving interviews with theological educators, as well as content analysis from various digital educational platforms. The state of the art in this research indicates that while technology has transformed the way education is delivered, many theological education institutions still have not optimized the potential for integrating prayer into the learning process. The novelty of this research lies in its emphasis on the relationship between spiritual practices and the use of technology, which can enhance student engagement and understanding. The findings suggest that the combination of prayer and technology can create a more interactive and supportive learning environment, as well as increase student motivation and retention in theological education. This research is expected to provide insights for theological educators in utilizing technology more effectively while maintaining the spiritual aspects of teaching.

Humans are social beings, and thus they need interaction with others. Interacting requires social intelligence which is the ability to understand and express feelings to people around them. However, there are still students who are not able to interact well with the teacher. The students are unable to express their condition when they are not feeling well.The purpose of this study is to understand teachers’ efforts to improve the social intelligence of sixth-grade students at Private Islamic Primary Boarding School or Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Swasta Ma'had Al-Zaytun in the context of learning. Secondly, the study aims to identify the inhibiting and supporting factors of students’ social intelligence enhancement in learning process. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. To collect data, the researcher employs observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The population of this study are the sixth-grade teachers at school. Random sampling teachnique is conducted to find the sample. The samples are homeroom teacher and a subject teacher in class VI B03 and another subject teacher in class VI B07. The obstacle in this process includes lecture-based teaching, which is less interactive.  This obstacle is solved by incorporating question-and-answer sessions to enable more active participation from students. The second obstacle is the use of students inappropriate language which is overcome through teacher’s consistent guidance and correction to foster better communication.

At the junior high school level (SMP), students begin to recognize the importance of values ​​of togetherness in diversity. However, this understanding does not always run smoothly because of cultural and background differences that can affect the way students interact with each other. This study uses a descriptive approach. The purpose of this study is to analyze students' attitudes towards ethnic diversity in class VIII of a private junior high school. Data collected through questionnaires will be analyzed to obtain an overview of students' attitudes towards diversity related to the topic and objectives of the research applied. The results of the study showed that there were no significant differences in attitudes between students with different ethnic backgrounds. This means that positive attitudes towards ethnic diversity are evenly distributed among various ethnic backgrounds, indicating that ethnic factors are not a barrier to social interaction in the classroom, where most students have similar views on the importance of respecting differences and working together with friends from different ethnic groups.

Learning is essentially a process of interaction between students and educators and learning resources in a learning environment, according to Gagne (Kanusta 1977: 19). The purpose of this study was to measure the level of student activeness in the classroom by using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning method. Based on the results of observations that have been made by researchers in history learning activities in class X SMA Swasta Gabriel Wanibesak from 24 students, only 49% of students are active in learning history, this also shows that in cycle I the level of student learning activeness has a classical percentage level of 49% where this is further confirmed based on the formula for calculating student activeness criteria in learning according to Arikunto (2007: 18) If the level of activeness is below 75% then students are less active in participating in the teaching and learning process. In cycle II researchers used the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning method, there was an increase in the level of student activeness where the level of activeness in cycle II classically averaged 83%, this shows the level of enthusiasm of students in participating in the teaching and learning process that occurs in the classroom, in cycle II the teacher also tries to guide students to be more active in the teaching and learning process, such as answering questions given by the teacher, being able to express opinions, students are also active in group discussions, students actively ask the teacher regarding the material that has been conveyed, with the help and guidance of the teacher so that in cycle II the average level of student activeness has increased well.

The widespread use of smartphones has given rise to the phenomenon of phubbing, where individuals prioritize their devices over face-to-face interactions. The purpose of this study is to explore phubbing as a communication ethics challenge and its impact on emotional well-being in personal relationships. The method used in this study is a literature review involving national and international indexed journals obtained through Google Scholar, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center), Taylor & Francis, Springer, Elsevier with a span of 2017-2024. The findings of this study reveal that phubing can have a negative impact on interpersonal relationships and individual psychological well-being. This behavior can damage communication, reduce the quality of personal relationships, and trigger psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and feelings of loneliness. Therefore, interventions in guidance and counseling are needed to deal with phubbing more comprehensivel.

This study aims to optimize the use of technology-based learning media and textbooks in the teaching of Islamic Religious Education at SMP Muhammadiyah 57 Medan. The current issue in learning is the limited utilization of technology that supports effective learning interaction and the lack of media variety used in delivering material. This research employs a qualitative method through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the use of technology-based media such as infocus, laptops, and visual materials significantly improves students' understanding of Islamic Religious Education topics. Textbooks still play a crucial role as a primary supporting medium, but integration with technology results in a more dynamic and engaging learning interaction. Challenges include limited infrastructure and teacher training, but these can be addressed with school management support and continuous professional development.