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Abstract. Development is a pattern of changes experienced by an individual from the time they are still in the womb until a certain period of life.  Development generally involves growth (progress) but at certain times it will involve aging.  This development is the result of the maturity process and learning experiences of each individual.  Development is closely related to tempo and rhythm, it is integral to it.  Individuals who experience development can be marked by certain characteristics, but it is not uncommon for individuals to be less aware of the changes that have occurred to them.  This research uses a critical review method, which involves careful examination and evaluation of various sources of information, such as scientific journals, articles and other media.  The main aim of this approach is to improve the reader’s understanding and interpretation skills in the context of prenatal, early childhood and child development psychology while offering a critical assessment of the material reviewed.  In addition, a critical review requires identifying important topics in the literature, analyzing the methodology used, and evaluating the strengths and limitations of the sources studied.  In development, there is a pattern of changes experienced by individuals from the time they are still in the womb up to a certain period of life. In a child’s life there are two processes that have the potential to be continuous, namely growth and development. In this case, both processes have stages, including moral and spiritual stages.

This study explores the urgency of improving the quality and effectiveness of teaching and learning processes in primary schools through the use of varied learning approaches and media. With the aim of analyzing the relationship of these methods and media to students' motivation, concept understanding, learning style accommodation, critical thinking skills development and social interaction, this study uses qualitative methods. The study also ensures that the implementation of these learning strategies is in accordance with the standards of Permendikbud No. 103 of 2014. The results show that education providers are expected to adopt learning methods that have a positive impact on increasing interest and motivation, facilitating concept understanding, accommodating different learning styles, and encouraging critical thinking skills and social interaction. The use of creative and varied learning media is also emphasized, allowing students to understand concepts through visual demonstration or practical experience. In conclusion, learning methods and media variations fulfill the expectations of Permendikbud No. 103 of 2014, providing students with interactive, inspiring, fun, challenging and meaningful learning experiences.

This research aims to find out housing policies and residential areas, the legal framework for housing facilities, public institutions and services, the provision of housing facilities, public institutions and services such as laws and procedures for providing public housing, housing work. and work. The research method used is very good, while the source of information is the staff of the Deli Serdang Regency Housing and Development Office. The data analysis process is carried out by means of a data reduction process, presenting data and drawing conclusions, validating the data that has been collected and expressed in the form of a report. Research findings indicate factors that help and hinder, including communication skills between the parties responsible for implementing the plan, namely employees. In the field of public housing and maintenance work. Deli Serdang Regency and land owners, as well as employees have the right to resolve problems that arise in the process of handing over resources, equipment and public services (PSU) to the Deli Serdang Regency Government.

The development of information technology is important, especially in the field of education, in supporting the learning process for the better. Muhammadiyah University of East Kalimantan, which carries the IT Based Paperless concept, is one of the campuses that supports the development of information technology. SI Lifeskills was introduced to record and integrate the development of students' academic achievements, where this system helps Life Skills courses to be more organized and effective. The system development demand was carried out in order to increase needs, especially in terms of user experience (UX). This service is carried out as a form of activity to increase comfort in learning services using a User Centered Design (UCD) approach. The evaluation stages carried out in this research used Heuristic Evaluation with 10 parameter aspects. The Heuristic Evaluation test results obtained Severity Ratings 0 with 8 points and Severity Ratings 1 with 2 points. The evaluation results show that the system is comfortable to use with problems that have minimal impact on the user so that repairs are not needed if time is limited.

In an educational institution, company or organization, of course there is a leader who manages all the smooth processes of the activities planned by the institution. A wise leader doesn't just rule, regulate and spread big promises without taking action. Active contribution from a leader is highly recommended and expected, in order to achieve all expected visions and goals. Leaders are chosen because they have more knowledge, skills and creativity than other individuals. Large duties, responsibilities and mandates will not be imposed on ordinary people. The role of leaders is very large in an organization, one of which is decision making. The decisions taken determine the conditions and situation of the organization's future development. For this reason, the role of leaders is required in making the right decisions, prioritizing common interests, and for the welfare of the organization,    

This research aims to find out how teachers perceive the implementation of TPACK in current social studies learning. Learning has now entered the 21st century which requires teachers to be able to have communication and collaboration skills as well as utilize technology in the learning process within a framework in the form of TPACK. There are 7 components that need to be known in TPACK, including Technological Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The purpose of this article is to find out the views or perceptions of teachers in implementing TPACK in elementary school social studies learning. This research method uses library research, namely a method with a data collection process by understanding and studying theories from various literature study sources related to research issues or problems. The results of the research are that teachers' perceptions regarding the implementation of TPACK are very important and the components in the TPACK section need teachers to understand and apply them to students in the 21st century learning process.

This research aims to find out how teachers perceive the implementation of TPACK in current social studies learning. Learning has now entered the 21st century which requires teachers to be able to have communication and collaboration skills as well as utilize technology in the learning process within a framework in the form of TPACK. There are 7 components that need to be known in TPACK, including Technological Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. The purpose of this article is to find out the views or perceptions of teachers in implementing TPACK in elementary school social studies learning. This research method uses library research, namely a method with a data collection process by understanding and studying theories from various literature study sources related to research issues or problems. The results of the research are that teachers' perceptions regarding the implementation of TPACK are very important and the components in the TPACK section need teachers to understand and apply them to students in the 21st century learning process.

Numerous efforts have been made to improve English language learning in non-formal institutions. One of them is by developing interesting teaching-learning media. The learning media used in this program is a student final exam product which is assessed in the Intensive Reading Course, where students are asked to read continuously about one short story, then conduct it into literary elements such as characterization, storyline, etc. After this progress, creative visual learning media was created using materials like paper or cardboard equipped with attractive colors. The objectives of this program include several things; firstly, improving the English language skills of children in the Manggrove Leaf Community, secondly, through learning media, it can be integrated into mastering vocabulary and pronunciation, and thirdly, children can retell what they hear in their own words. It is hoped that the method applied will continue to increase children's efforts in creative and enjoyable learning processes in various non-formal institutions. Some things that are considered priority problems that must be resolved include first, increasing English vocabulary, second, pronunciation of English vocabulary, and third, increasing enthusiasm and motivation for learning English. The solution offered is creative and fun English learning through visual learning media.

This research was conducted due to the lack of optimal use of interesting media, as well as the lack of teacher skills in using digital-based media in the learning process. Because of this, students often become bored and lose interest in learning lessons. As a result, learning materials tailored to students' interests and preferences are needed.One way to achieve this is by creating the development of Problem Based Learning Media using Canva for class X TKJ in basic computer network and telecommunications orientation subjects at SMK N 3 Padang. The aim of implementing Canva as a learning medium can be a creative solution to increase student focus by visualizing material in an interesting and interactive way. This type of research uses Research and Development (R&D), and the development model used is 4D model design. This 4D development model consists of four stages, namely Define, Design,Develop (Development) and Disseminate (Dissemination). Research carried out at SMK N 3 Padang, research findings produced learning materials with material validity of 89.07% and media design validity of 93.7% and teacher response questionnaire answers of 96.6% and the student questionnaire response was 88.12 which can be categorized as very valid and practical.

According to the KBBI, the meaning of literacy itself, as reported on the Ministry of Education and Culture's official website, is the ability to write and read.  Etymologically, the term literacy itself comes from the Latin "literatus" which means someone who learns.  In this case, literacy is closely related to the process of reading and writing.  Literacy activities in the learning phase aim to develop the ability to understand texts and relate them to personal experiences, think critically, and process communication skills creatively through activities responding to the texts of enrichment books and textbooks.  Literacy or literacy is a general term that refers to a series of individual abilities and skills in reading, writing, speaking, calculating and solving problems at a certain level of expertise required in everyday life.  Benefits of literacy Expanding insight and knowledge.  Sharpen the ability to capture and understand information from reading.  Literacy is not the same as reading.  Reading and books are the surface technical and physical forms of literacy.  The essence of literacy is how humans gain knowledge and learn to gain knowledge.  Raising self-confidence in children is a parent's responsibility, although cultivating self-confidence is not an easy job.  Apart from requiring patience and example, parents must be clever in creating an atmosphere that is conducive to growing children's self-confidence.  Especially an atmosphere that is able to foster a child's sense of self-esteem which must be understood together, by building a child's self-esteem it will not automatically be able to grow a child's self-confidence.  However, if a child has a healthy sense of self-esteem by knowing and being able to accept himself as he is, including all his limitations, then he will be able to feel ashamed of himself and see everything as part of the reality of life.

This paper aims to describe the application of the learning evaluation system in improving school quality for class IX A students at MTs Ma'arif Gondang. The research is descriptive qualitative research, with qualitative analysis. The research results show that the evaluation of the learning implementation process carried out includes the suitability between the learning process and the learning implementation plan (RPP), the readiness of teachers and students in the learning activities carried out in the classroom. Student participation also plays an important role in learning activities as well as communication carried out by teachers to get feedback from students during the learning process. Providing motivation to students in the learning process is important to increase students' enthusiasm for learning. Students' mastery and desire for specific goals that will be achieved in learning activities. Learning evaluation also includes assessment aspects which include the domains of attitudes, knowledge and skills. The learning evaluation system implemented at MTs Ma'arif Gondang can improve the quality of the school based on the results of the questionnaire obtained in the very good category.

As a religious institution, Islamic boarding schools have enormous potential in advancing prosperity and economic development. They also have a significant impact on the daily lives of the students who attend. Therefore, the Nasyrul 'Ulum Islamic boarding school which is located at Tempuran 12a Central Lampung created an integrated agricultural business unit to advance its welfare and economic development. The purpose of this research is to describe and evaluate the following things: the steps in establishing an integrated agricultural business unit (IFB) in Islamic boarding schools, the business unit carried out is catfish cultivation, where waste from food or leftovers from students is made into catfish feed and catfish wastewater are used as organic plant fertilizer; the results of this process for the economy of these schools; and factors that facilitate or hinder the growth of the Islamic boarding school economic trend. Researchers use a qualitative approach to answer the problem formulation. Research findings show that the Islamic boarding school's efforts to develop its economy through integrated agricultural business units have succeeded in increasing the boarding school's income and creating jobs for the community around the boarding school and especially alumni of the Nasyrul 'Ulum Islamic boarding school and how many jobs are available in accordance with the amount of effort made, source available resources, and the extent to which the community is involved in the program. Apart from creating jobs, it can also increase the knowledge, skills and experience of both local communities and students in the agricultural sector. Especially in the field of fisheries cultivation.    

Salak is a fruit that can be harvested throughout the year, it can also benefit farmers, especially in Haunatas village in Marancar sub-district, South Tapanuli district. Through the processing of salak, it can increase the economy of the people there, especially congregations who experience poverty in the economy. In an effort to improve the community's economy, several governments have made things or efforts to reduce this poverty and also the church has a very important role in this matter where the Church provide some knowledge in the form of knowledge skills and also donations in the form of funds for knowledge in processing salak fruit. Salak fruit can be processed into various preparations, such as making snake fruit dodol, snake fruit jam and other sweets. With this processing, it can reduce some of the poverty in the congregation, although not everything can be coordinated well. However, at least the church has tried to overcome poverty in the congregation, especially in the village of Haunatas, by utilizing snake fruit which is a characteristic of that area.    

This article discusses the important role of language error analysis in improving one's writing skills. Language error analysis plays a crucial role in the language learning process, especially in the development of writing skills. By understanding the errors made in writing, one can identify frequently occurring error patterns and address them. The language error analysis method not only helps correct grammatical errors, but also opens up a deeper understanding of better language structure. With a better understanding of mistakes made, one can improve clarity, coherence, and cohesion in one's writing. This article also highlights how the use of language error analysis techniques in the learning process can provide constructive feedback to writers. Thus, this article emphasizes the importance of language error analysis in supporting the improvement of one's writing ability.  

Educational programs are one of the crucial pillars in human life. Through education, individuals can acquire fundamental knowledge, skills, and attitudes to face various challenges in life. In addition, education also has a central role in shaping the character of the nation's children, creating individuals who are able to contribute to society. In the context of education, the use of educational support tools is a critical aspect that needs attention. Educational support tools include devices and materials that support the effectiveness and efficiency of the teaching and learning process. Its function involves delivering information in an interesting and interactive manner, facilitating the understanding of the material by learners, and increasing their active involvement in learning. However, along with technological advances, educational tools are experiencing rapid development. This provides opportunities for learning that are more accessible to various groups. However, challenges arise in the form of educational gaps. Schools in remote areas, for example, may face limited access to the internet, computers, or mobile devices that are essential to the learning process. Therefore, the role of educational tools is crucial in creating inclusive education, overcoming gaps, and ensuring that every individual can access learning in this digital era.

Stunting has become a serious health problem in Indonesia as it is associated with failure to thrive, brain development disorders, decreased mental abilities, poor health conditions, and low socio-economic capabilities. In 2020, the United Nations recorded that around 6.3 million Indonesian early childhood or toddler aged children experienced stunting, caused by nutritional deficiencies within the first two years of their lives, maternal malnutrition during pregnancy, and poor sanitation. Through the "Ibu Hebat Keluarga Sehat" (Great Mother, Healthy Family) program, which focuses on balanced nutrition education, it is hoped that the issue of stunting can be addressed by improving individuals' knowledge and skills. Posyandu cadres and PKK officials can implement the 10 common messages of balanced nutrition to combat stunting. Balanced nutrition, categorized by age, is also crucial for every family to know as it contributes to achieving a generation without stunting. This education includes 1. Providing knowledge on balanced nutritional health in addressing stunting and processing local food materials available in the Tambang Village into nutritious meals. 2. Conducting question-and-answer sessions with participants to assess their understanding of the provided material.

This research aims to determine the influence of education on creativity and innovation in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education can arouse the spirit of entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur requires tenacity and skills in running a business. Mastering, understanding and applying one's abilities in running an entrepreneur cannot be separated from the ability to understand entrepreneurial knowledge. Entrepreneurship education is a process of motivating students to recognize the environment and open their own business (entrepreneurship), create different values by devoting the necessary time and effort, also bear financial risks, bear the accompanying psychological and social impacts, and receive monetary rewards. . Entrepreneurship education has a big influence on entrepreneurial motivation, being motivated to become an entrepreneur, being able to create your own business activities, building attitudes, mentality and character.

The millennial generation is a generation that has creative ideas or innovations. As a business person or entrepreneur, a person must have knowledge and skills in entrepreneurship, especially in the digital era like now. This research was conducted with the aim of finding out and revealing what abilities or theories are used by millennial generation business actors in New York City. The literary work used as a source of research data is the novel entitled #GIRLBOSS by Sophia Amoruso. This research is a type of qualitative descriptive research using the heruistic method, namely reading thoroughly and the hermeneutic method, namely the study of text interpretation or the process of interpreting text. The results of this research are that there are 3 theories of entrepreneurship which include economic theory (taking advantage of opportunities that can create innovation), psychological theory (what underlies business) and behavioral theory (skills in managing and advancing business).

This research aims to improve students' initial reading skills using audio-visual media in class I UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan. This research is Classroom Action Research, the subject of this research is class 1, totaling 30 students consisting of 18 boys and 12 girls. This research was carried out for 3 weeks. The implementation of this action was carried out during three 3 teaching and learning process meetings and at every third meeting there was a learning evaluation results test. This research was carried out as part of the Teaching Profession Strengthening (P2K) activities which started on September 11 2023 for the 2023/2024 academic year. The results of the research show that during the learning process there is a change in students' attitudes during the learning process in accordance with the results of observations, namely by applying reading skills through audio-visual media assisted by image media, it can increase students' self-confidence to ask both the teacher and their friends about material they don't know. understandable and can increase student attendance, and improve student reading skills with audio-visual media. So, beginning reading skills through audio-visual media are suitable for use in this class. This can be seen from the increase in learning outcomes for class I students at UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan, after learning initial reading skills through audio-visual media.    

Even though Activity Based Costing (ABC) has been implemented by large companies in Indonesia, there are still obstacles that limit its implementation, such as high implementation costs and the long time required. The aim of this research is to find out what factors influence the success of the implementation of Activity Based Costing (ABC) in Indonesia. The type of research is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data used in this research was obtained from the results of a literature review of these articles. The research results show that management understanding and commitment are the main factors influencing the success of implementation. The constraints of high implementation costs and the long time required are special concerns in implementing ABC in Indonesia. Technology support and staff skills determine the smoothness of the implementation process. Implementing ABC requires activity mapping, identification of cost drivers, and appropriate cost allocation to optimize resources and improve company performance.