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The aim of this research is to explore in more depth the aspects of Islamic education in the Dinasti Umayyah era. This research uses the library research method, namely using library materials as the main data source in exploring information from the concepts of previous experts. The results of the research show that among the achievements of civilization is the educational aspect which has grown to develop well. Education grew and developed along with the development of Islam, showing its connection to its history. The Dinasti Umayyah, as the first dinasti in the century of expansion, was involved in conquest, consolidation, and forming a multinasional and multicultural empire. They consciously pay attention to educational issues which result in the growth of various scientific treasuresThe impact was felt especially in the European world, where the Dinasti Umayyah succeeded in reclaiming and developing this heritage, which we in Indonesia can also feel.

This research aims to analyze students' difficulties in solving HOTS questions in terms of facts, concepts, operations and principles. The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. This research was carried out by collecting data in the form of information obtained from research subjects. This research is intended to describe or express in words (qualitatively) the results of the analysis of students' difficulties in solving questions which are Higher Order Thinking Skills. The subjects of this research were class IX students of GKPI Padang Bulan Private Middle School, Medan. The instruments in this research were test and interview instruments, where students were given questions to work on, then the researcher recorded the results of the students' answers and took 6 students to be interviewed based on the high, medium and low group categories. The results of the research showed that in the high group students experienced difficulties with principles, in the medium group students experienced difficulties with operations and principles and in the low group students experienced difficulties with facts, concepts, operations and principles. This shows the conclusion that GKPI Padang Bulan Medan Private Middle School students experience difficulties in solving HOTS questions.

This article discusses the use of behaviorism learning theory to increase the understanding of biological concepts in high school. The method used in this article is a literature study or literature review. The research results reveal that the use of behaviorist learning theory increases understanding of biological concepts through providing regular stimuli so that appropriate responses are obtained. The use of flipbook media as a behavioristic approach also increases students' motivation in learning, thereby influencing learning outcomes or achievement. It can be concluded that the use of behaviorism learning theory can increase understanding of biological concepts in high school.

The legal problems currently developing are of various forms and types, so legal codification must be adapted to these developments. Since the decade of Indonesia's independence, civil law has been used as the axis of the national legal system which aims to create legal certainty. Certainty and justice are not something new in the Indonesian legal system, this is the role of judges to create laws based on applicable laws and regulations. This research aims to explain the role of civil law as a national legal system applied by Indonesia to create law. The normative juridical approach method is an approach based on the main legal material by examining theories, concepts, legal principles and statutory regulations. The results of the research show that civil law still has an important role in the legal system in Indonesia, but legal codification needs to be adapted to increasingly advanced developments so that legal events that occur are still contained in statutory regulations.

Early childhood is the most important and fundamental early period in the growth and development of human life. This period is also called the golden age, many concepts and facts explain that this golden age is the time when all children's potential develops the fastest. Aspects of child development that need to be developed in early childhood include personal awareness, emotional development, building socialization, communication development, cognitive development, and motor skill development. Based on these aspects of early childhood development, a children's game media is needed to stimulate children's development and growth. One of the children's game media that can be developed is Educational Game Tools (APE). In this PKM activity, the PKM Team tries to provide training in making APE including number wheels, summing bottle caps, and sliding number boards.

A multidisciplinary approach is a method in education that combines various disciplines to create a better understanding. This approach recognizes that the real world is not divided into separate categories of knowledge, therefore it tries to bring together various disciplines so that students can see the connections between concepts.  This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the multidisciplinary approach method in the context of learning at the primary school level. The background of this research is based on the need to develop a holistic learning approach that suits the needs of today's children. A literature study was conducted to determine the concept of multidisciplinary approach and its impact on learning achievement and development of primary school children. The literature study method was used to collect, review and synthesize related research findings. This research is expected to provide in-depth insight into the potential application of the multidisciplinary approach in learning at the primary school level. The practical implications of the findings can provide direction for the development of more effective curriculum and teaching methods at the primary school level.   

This research explores the optimization of network utilization to enhance the efficiency of Shariah Mobile Banking services for customers. The study delves into the theoretical framework of Shariah Mobile Banking, elucidating its customer benefits, technology, and the role of networks. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study aims to examine the efficiency of Shariah Mobile Banking services. The findings underscore the paramount importance of efficiency in Shariah Mobile Banking and highlight the pivotal role of network concepts in augmenting this efficiency. The discussion also identifies hurdles encountered in optimizing Shariah Mobile Banking services and proposes viable solutions to overcome these challenges. This research contributes valuable insights for financial institutions and providers of Shariah Mobile Banking services to improve their service efficiency through network optimization. Additionally, it broadens the understanding of the customer benefits derived from Shariah Mobile Banking. The outcomes are anticipated to inform strategies and actions aimed at enhancing the overall user experience of Shariah Mobile Banking for customers.  

The church is faced with an urgent responsibility to address the environmental crisis by building awareness of eco-tourism. By promoting eco-tourism as a tool to preserve nature and support sustainable development, the church not only provides theological understanding but also acts as a real agent of change in supporting environmental conservation efforts. A literature review of environmental ecology theory, eco-tourism theory, and Christian religious views provides a foundation for understanding human behavior towards nature. This research, using a descriptive qualitative method, combines literature analysis with the author's field experience to formulate a theoretical proposal. The church is considered to have a crucial responsibility in protecting the environment and building eco-tourism by supporting environmental programs, collaborating with NGOs, providing environmental education through worship, playing an active role in commemorating environmental days, and taking concrete steps in the development of sustainable eco-tourism. Conclusions highlight three concepts of the human view of the environment, with humans together with nature approaching the values of Christian eco-theology, while suggestions include church support on government environmental programs and close cooperation with NGOs to raise the environmental awareness of its members.  

The aim of implementing community empowerment training is to reduce unemployment and increase the competency of training participants to produce professional ship crew human resources as a means of economic equality throughout Indonesia. Types of community empowerment training provided to communities in need include Basic Safety Training (BST), Security Awareness Training (SAT), Advanced Fire Fighting (AFF), SKK 30 miles on deck, SKK 30 miles on engines, SKK 60 miles on deck, SKK 60 mil on engines, and basic safety for traditional boat. The socialization of community empowerment training is divided into several stages, including the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation stage. The implementation of socialization is carried out using the method of direction and discussion regarding the instructor's concepts and abilities, the number of participants, and implementation time in the implementation of training. Community empowerment training, which is carried out free of charge, can provide opportunities for underprivileged communities to develop skills and knowledge regarding competencies in the maritime sector, increasing the capacity and capability of fishing communities.

Associative meaning is the meaning that a word has that is interconnected with circumstances outside of language. Associative meaning is also related to changes in meaning due to the similarity of characteristics of a word. Language communities use associative meaning to express other concepts that are similar to the nature, condition or characteristics of the concept from which the word or lexeme originates. Associative meaning can be found in various fields of language arts, one of which is in song lyrics. Therefore, this research aims to describe the associative meaning and link with tasawwuf in the song lyrics in the album "Laskar Cinta" by Dewa 19. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis and uses a semantic approach. In Dewa 19's "Laskar Cinta" album, there are 12 songs, but the 4 song titles analyzed contain 11 data that use associative meanings and meanings linked to tasawwuf. The associative meaning is identified by finding a word that has a meaning outside of language.

The development and progress of science, especially in the field of building materials technology, has encouraged the birth of new concepts, especially for construction made of concrete. One of these new concepts is by presenting innovations in the manufacture of lightweight concrete to reduce the excessive use of bricks / concrete blocks as non-structural building materials such as walls. One way to overcome this is to use lightweight concrete as a precast wall or as a brick. Its use can reduce the magnitude of the load acting on the building and is fast in installation. The purpose of this research on lightweight concrete with a mixture of bamboo shavings is to determine the properties of the stacking material, the relationship between mechanical properties at the age of 14 and 28 days of concrete with no soaking conditions, and the effect of the addition of bamboo shavings. The tests and examinations carried out were compressive strength, strain, and content weight of lightweight concrete. The results showed that lightweight concrete with the most ideal bamboo shavings mixture was 1 cement: 1-1.5 bamboo shavings: 2 sand (fas value: 0.8) has a compressive strength of 1.65 MPa and 1.63 Mpa, respectively, for a content weight of 753.01 kg/m3 and 609.66 kg/m3. 

The Independent Campus Learning Program (MBKM) is a higher education initiative in Indonesia that involves the concepts of "Freedom to Learn" and "Free Campus" (Independent Campus). MBKM covers several aspects, including the Teaching Campus, which is one of the important elements of this program. One of the target schools for the Class 6 Teaching Campus program is the Dharma Bhakti Surabaya Vocational School (SMK). The Teaching Campus aims to equip students with various expertise and skills by becoming a partner for teachers to innovate in learning, develop creative, innovative and fun learning strategies and models, as well as a form of contribution to learning while providing a positive impact. In this activity, a qualitative descriptive approach was used, with data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of these activities show that the Teaching Campus program at SMKS Dharma Bhakti Surabaya, with a mentoring program to improve numeracy literacy, technology adaptation and administration, is running well and providing benefits for all parties involved, especially in the school environment.

Biology learning demands learning competencies in the realm of high-level understanding, so many students find it challenging to develop their critical thinking skills and, therefore, have difficulty completing various concepts in biology. For this reason, a particular way of learning is needed so that it fosters students' critical thinking skills through creative and collaborative thinking skills so that they can be well-honed in order to be able to solve various complex concepts in biology. Therefore, this research aims to determine the creative and collaborative thinking abilities of class X SMA Negeri 1 Airmadidi students on Animalia material, focusing on their creative and collaborative thinking abilities. This type of qualitative research describes data obtained from a rubric containing research indicators. The research results show that the profile of students' creative and collaborative skills shows good development based on the indicators obtained. Indicators of creative and collaborative thinking abilities are at scores 3 and 4, which shows that students can give excellent and precise answers to both questions through discussions and written tests. Based on these results, the analysis of creative and collaborative thinking abilities in class X12 students at SMA Negeri 1 Airmadidi is in good ability results.

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of employing the Problem-Based Learning approach in the acquisition of Trigonometry concepts. This study examines four metrics of learning efficacy: student learning outcomes, student engagement during the learning process, student feedback on learning, and the teacher's aptitude in facilitating learning. This research falls under the category of quantitative descriptive research. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 8 Manado during the odd semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The study included a sample of 38 students from class X-I. The employed data collection approaches include testing, observation, and administering questionnaires. The study determined that the utilization of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach in teaching Trigonometry content yielded positive results. This is exemplified by the attainment of the four metrics that measure the efficacy of utilizing the learning model: (1) Student learning results in the subject matter are classified as thoroughly comprehensive. (2) Student activities during the learning process are classified as satisfactory. (3) Students exhibit a favorable attitude towards the learning process. (4) The teacher's aptitude for overseeing the learning process is exceptional.

Islamic law is one aspect of Islamic teachings which occupies a very crucial position in the view of Muslims, because it is the most concrete manifestation of Islamic law as a religion. Islamic law has a significant influence on Indonesian positive law, especially in several areas of law. Meanwhile, positive law is law in the form of laws that regulate relations between humans and humans, or with legal entities. Islamic law is generally defined as rules which are the result of understanding and deducing from the provisions revealed by Allah SWT to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Therefore, the main sources of Islamic law are the Koran and Hadith. source of pure positive law from society. This is because the adoption or discovery of positive law uses an inductive method. Namely by observing the actions and attitudes of community members. From the results of these various observations, general regulations are then made that are binding on the entire community. In this article the author tries to explain further the analysis of the concepts and sources of these two laws, and their comparative analysis.

The Quran, the holy book of Islam, has long been the focus of attention in the context of religion and spirituality. However, in recent decades, interest in the Quran as a potential source of science has increased. Previous studies have shown that the Quran contains knowledge relevant to various fields of modern science. This study aims to investigate the role of the Quran as a source of science in an interdisciplinary context. The main objective of this study is to analyze and identify elements in the Quran that have relevance in the development of modern science. In addition, this study also aims to understand how the Quran can make a positive contribution in expanding our understanding of the world and various aspects of life. This research uses an interdisciplinary method of analyzing Quranic texts. The author examines various Quranic verses related to scientific concepts and then compares them with recent scientific findings in various fields such as natural science, social science, and medical science. The results show that the Quran contains many verses that are relevant to recent scientific discoveries. Examples include descriptions of the creation of the universe, human development, and ethical principles relevant in science. The findings support the argument that the Quran can be considered a valuable source of science and can help enrich our understanding of the world we live in. This research has significant implications in supporting the dialogue between religion and science, as well as opening up the potential for closer collaboration between religious scholars and scientists in the exploration of science and spirituality.

The results of the analysis regarding the ability of Mataram City PAUD teachers in preparing assessments based on the new paradigm curriculum are still very minimal. There are many obstacles faced by teachers in preparing new paradigm assessments, including the lack of experience in implementing the independent learning curriculum and the competencies possessed by teachers. This community service activity uses the PBL (Project Base Learning) learning method. Structurally, service activities are carried out in 2 stages, namely direct learning activities aimed at increasing participants' understanding of the basic concepts of preparing effective assessments based on the new paradigm curriculum and practical activities, namely practice making effective assessments based on the new paradigm curriculum. The result of the service was that there was a significant increase in mastery of concepts and skills in preparing assessments for Early Childhood Education Teachers in Mataram City between before and after the implementation of services for PAUD teachers.

Character education is a system of instilling character values in school members which includes components of knowledge, intelligence or will, and actions to implement these values. Character education is a deliberate effort to build good character based on core virtues that are objectively good for individuals and society. The research method used is a qualitative method involving data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews. The data collected was then analyzed inductively, namely by identifying patterns, themes and concepts that emerged from the data. The purpose of this literature is to determine teacher strategies and creativity as an effort to improve character education for students. The results of the research show that the improvement efforts made by teachers at RA Maghfirah have been very good, teachers always accustom children to what they have been taught. The strategy used by teacher RA Maghfirah in forming children's character is related to habitual activities. The implication of this research is that it is hoped that teachers can use various models, methods and learning media to increase students' creative thinking.

This research examines the role of bureaucracy and power structure in modern educational organizations using the Max Weber's theoretical approach. The primary objective of this study is to understand how Weber's concepts related to bureaucracy and power can be applied in the context of contemporary educational institutions. The research methodology employed in this study is a literature review, involving a comprehensive examination of literature from various sources, including books, scholarly journals, and conference papers, relevant to Max Weber's theory, bureaucracy, and power structure in modern educational organizations. The collected data were qualitatively analyzed to support the research findings. The research findings indicate that Weber's bureaucratic principles, such as division of labor, hierarchy, and rational rules, still hold relevance in modern educational organizations. However, their impact may differ in an educational context, where aspects such as flexibility, innovation, and participation also hold significance. Furthermore, the power structure in modern educational organizations can be understood through Weber's concepts of authority and control. This study provides in-depth insights into how Weber's theory can help us comprehend the dynamics of bureaucracy and power in educational institutions, which, in turn, can support improvements and developments in modern education systems.

The concepts of solidarity and social integration play an important role in creating an effective learning environment. They form the basis of learning, character building and preparing students to play an active role in an increasingly complex society. The purpose of this research is to explain about Solidarity and Social Integration in the Context of Education Management: An Analysis Based on Émile Durkheim's Theory. The method used in this study uses qualitative research procedures using a research approach in the form of a literature study. The sources of information in this study were reviewed from various novel sources of literature, research reports, scientific essays, theses, dissertations and posts both print and electronic related to Solidarity and Social Integration in the Context of Education Management: An Analysis Based on Émile Durkheim's Theory. The results of this study suggest that an understanding of solidarity and social integration in the context of Durkheimian theory is important. These concepts help guide approaches and practices that promote a balance between uniformity and diversity, respect for shared social norms, and understanding of the unique role of individuals in achieving common goals. Education, as a key tool in shaping society, plays an important role in facilitating social integration and creating solidarity. In education management, curriculum development, student participation, collaboration between stakeholders, inclusive approaches, and an understanding of the role of education in social integration are key in achieving this goal.