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This study aims to develop the capacity of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) stakeholders in Badung Regency through training on processing dishes based on local food ingredients. Using a participatory training method which included counseling, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and mentoring. The study focused on improving technical skills as well as knowledge of hygiene standards and product marketing. The results showed an increase in the ability of MSME stakeholder to process local ingredients into innovative and appealing culinary products that meet market needs, while also strengthening sanitation and product quality aspects to make them more attractive to consumers. The participatory approach also encourages MSME stakeholders to actively contribute to the product development and marketing strategies, resulting in increased competitiveness and business sustainability. This study provided important contributions to MSME empowerment and the development of the local economy based on the potential of local natural resources.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of criminal law policies in efforts to eradicate narcotics networks in Indonesia during the 2015-2024 period. The drug problem continues to be a serious threat to national resilience, with increasingly organized crime patterns and utilizing sophisticated technology. This research uses a juridical-empirical approach with a qualitative research method to analyze the implementation of criminal law policies towards eradicating drug networks. Data was obtained through literature study and in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the field of drug law enforcement. The results show that criminal law policy in Indonesia still faces various challenges, including inconsistencies in the application of penalties, limited coordination between institutions, and problems in implementing rehabilitation programs. Factors affecting policy effectiveness include aspects of legislation, law enforcement, public awareness, and international cooperation. This research recommends comprehensive policy reform, increasing the capacity of law enforcement officials, strengthening the rehabilitation system, and optimizing regional and international cooperation in combating drug networks

Tourism is currently a rapidly growing sector, particularly in line with social change and technological advancements. In this context, ecotourism is becoming an increasingly popular approach because it prioritizes the principles of environmental sustainability, local cultural preservation, and improving community welfare. One innovative form of ecotourism is the development of agroforestry-based tourism, which integrates environmentally friendly agricultural and forestry practices. One concrete example of this concept is the Dawuhan Kopi area in Semarang Regency. This area has developed a coffee forest farming system as a primary tourist attraction, aiming to combine nature conservation and community economic development. This study aims to comprehensively examine how coffee agroforestry management in Dawuhan Kopi is implemented as a form of ecotourism and to analyze various optimization efforts that have been and are being implemented. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques such as field observations, in-depth interviews with stakeholders, and documentation. The results reveal that the management of the coffee agroforestry area in Dawuhan Kopi still faces various challenges, particularly in terms of institutional framework, tourism product packaging, availability of supporting facilities, and local community empowerment. To address these issues, a comprehensive improvement strategy is needed, ranging from strengthening institutional capacity, innovation in tourism packages, developing basic infrastructure, and increasing active community participation in every management process. This research is expected to make a positive contribution to the development of a sustainable agroforestry-based ecotourism model and serve as a reference for other regions with similar potential to implement the same concept adaptively and contextually.

The research titled "Analysis of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Use of the Parish Budget of the Holy Spirit Nelle" aims to analyze the level of effectiveness and efficiency in the use of the budget at the Holy Spirit Nelle Parish during a specific reporting period. The analysis is conducted by comparing the activity targets and budget with the actual realization. The results show that the average effectiveness of activities is only 45.95%, indicating that most activities have not been optimally achieved. Meanwhile, the efficiency of budget utilization is recorded at 29.48%, which shows a low level of spending compared to the allocated funds. These findings indicate a gap between the planning and implementation of parish programs. Some programs have not been realized at all despite having a budget allocated. Therefore, improvements are needed in program planning, adjustments in budget allocations according to implementation capacity, as well as strengthening the monitoring and evaluation system to enhance accountability and financial performance of the parish moving forward.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of urban village fund management in efforts to improve facilities and infrastructure as well as community welfare in Dukuh Menanggal Village, Gayungan Subdistrict, Surabaya City. Urban village funds are part of a fiscal decentralization policy that aims to accelerate development and equitable distribution of welfare at the local level. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the management of urban village funds in Dukuh Menanggal has generally been quite effective, marked by an improvement in the quality of environmental infrastructure such as roads, drains, and other public facilities. In addition, some community empowerment programs also have a positive impact on improving the welfare of residents. However, there are still some obstacles such as limited apparatus capacity, suboptimal community participation, and transparency in reporting that need to be improved. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen governance, increase the capacity of human resources, and involve the community more actively so that the management of urban village funds can be more optimal and sustainable.

Community-Based Tourism is an approach to tourism development that involves the active participation of local communities as the main actors in planning, managing, and utilizing tourism business results. This study aims to examine effective management strategies in managing community-based tourism to encourage local economic empowerment. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative study with a case study approach in Kubu Gadang Tourism Village, West Sumatra Province. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and interviews. The results of the study indicate that management strategies involving community capacity training, clear role divisions, and collaboration with external parties (government and private sector) are able to increase community income and strengthen the village economic structure. The implications of this study indicate that good management is the key to the success of community-based tourism in creating inclusive and sustainable economic development.

Independent village status is the highest achievement in the classification of village development that shows strong social, economic and environmental resilience. Tanjung Harapan Village is the only village in Lingga Regency designated as an independent village in 2023. This study aims to analyze the capacity of the Tanjung Harapan Village Government in achieving this status using the organizational capacity theory of Horton et al. (2003), which emphasizes two main aspects, namely resources and management. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that in terms of resources, the village has adequate infrastructure and has begun to apply digital systems in administrative management, although there are still network constraints. In terms of management, the village head applies open leadership, involves the community in planning, and manages finances transparently. Capacity building of village officials is also carried out through training and periodic evaluations. In conclusion, the Tanjung Harapan Village Government has demonstrated adequate capacity to support the achievement of independent village status. However, there is a need to increase cross-sectoral cooperation and strengthen digital infrastructure to support the sustainability of village development.  

Corporate crime in the environmental sector is one of the biggest challenges in law enforcement in Indonesia. Companies that pollute or destroy the environment are often difficult to hold criminally liable due to the impersonal nature of their legal entities. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of law enforcement against corporations that commit environmental crimes and the obstacles faced by law enforcement officials in proving and imposing crimes against corporations. The method used is normative juridical with a legislative approach and case studies. This research found that although there is already a fairly strong legal framework, such as in Law No. 32 of 2009 and the new Criminal Code, implementation in the field is still weak. Some of the inhibiting factors include the difficulty of proving the responsibility structure in the corporation, the lack of investigator capacity, and the influence of economic power from corporations. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, apparatus capacity, and corporate criminal accountability mechanisms that are more adaptive and firm.

This study uses a qualitative method to provide an in-depth description of the strategic role of village funds within the State Budget (APBN) in improving the welfare of rural communities. Village funds allocated by the central government aim to accelerate development, reduce regional disparities, and strengthen economic independence at the village level. This research examines the mechanisms of distribution, management, and utilization of village funds and relates them to welfare indicators such as income, access to basic services, and economic empowerment. The results show that when managed transparently, accountably, and with community participation, village funds can improve quality of life through infrastructure development, better education and health services, and the growth of micro and small enterprises. However, challenges such as weak capacity of village officials, corruption practices, and lack of supervision remain obstacles that must be addressed. Therefore, synergy between central and regional governments and the community is key to the successful implementation of village funds.    

This study examines the implementation of the legislative duties and functions of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (DPR RI) during the 2019–2024 period. Legislative function, as stipulated in Article 20A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, constitutes one of the core and most influential functions of the DPR, enabling it to affect various aspects of national governance. However, in practice, this function has not been carried out optimally. Legislative performance is evaluated not only in terms of the quantity of legislation produced but also in the quality of the laws enacted. Using a normative juridical research method, grounded in positivist legal theory. The findings indicate that throughout the 2019–2024 period, the DPR’s legislative performance has fluctuated and remained suboptimal. Of the 256 bills included in the National Legislative Program (Prolegnas), only 63 were enacted into law. Several inhibiting factors were identified, including the competency of members, lengthy decision-making procedures, political party composition, and limited public participation. This study underscores the importance of enhancing the capacity of DPR members through regular training and education. Greater transparency in the legislative process is also crucial to maintaining public trust. Furthermore, streamlining bill deliberation mechanisms and fostering inter-factional dialogue are essential strategies to accelerate consensus and improve legislative outcomes.

This study aims to examine in depth the role of special guidance teachers at Madrasah Ar Roihan in implementing inclusive learning, as well as to analyze the pedagogical strategies applied in educating students with special needs. The implementation of inclusive education requires attention to a number of fundamental aspects, including the provision of a safe, comfortable, and friendly classroom environment for all students, including those with special needs. In addition, it is important to foster a school culture that upholds the values ​​given to differences and acceptance of diversity. The results of the study indicate that special guidance teachers have been able to create a learning atmosphere that supports the active participation of students with special needs. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of inclusive learning, the researcher conducted direct observations of classroom learning activities. These findings indicate the need for further training for special guidance teachers, in order to strengthen their professional competence in managing inclusive classes, designing adaptive curricula, and implementing learning strategies that are responsive to the individual needs of students. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of providing ongoing support for the development of the capacity of special guidance teachers, as a strategic effort to improve the quality of the implementation of inclusive education in educational units.

The phenomenon of the Facebook group "Fantasi Sedarah" which was revealed in May 2025 has shaken Indonesian society and sparked deep concern, this case involving thousands of members revealed a network of sexual predators and pedophiles who use digital space as a place to share explicit content about incest and sexual violence against children. This study aims to analyze the responsiveness of public service officials in handling the case. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study method to analyze the complexity of the problem. The results of the study show that the response of various public service agencies such as the Police, Komdigi, KPAI, and the Ministry of PPPA demonstrate the state's commitment to implementing the welfare state principle in the context of digital security. However, handling is still hampered by various structural and operational obstacles. Limited human resources who have expertise in the field of cybercrime, technical capacity that is not yet optimal in dealing with rapid technological developments, and the complexity of digital regulations that still require harmonization between regulations are the main challenges in law enforcement. The research findings emphasize the urgency of strengthening structural coordination between institutions through the establishment of more solid cooperation protocols, increasing community digital literacy, and developing innovative surveillance technology that can proactively identify and counter dangerous content. Strategic recommendations include implementing periodic evaluations of the digital legal system to ensure responsiveness to technological developments, empowerment, and strengthening institutional capacity in dealing with cybercrime.

This research discusses the limited scope and mechanism of protection provided by the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) for rape victims in Indonesia. The background of this research arises from the high rate of sexual violence and inequality in the provision of legal protection for victims, especially in the context of rape. The purpose of this research is to analyze the normative and practical obstacles faced by LPSK in providing effective protection, as well as evaluating whether the existing mechanisms have been responsive to the needs of victims. This research uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and case study approach. The research findings show that LPSK has limitations in authority, limited resources, and challenges in coordination between law enforcement agencies. In addition, the absence of a comprehensive legal definition of sexual violence worsens victims' access to protection. The implications of this research emphasize the need for legal policy reform and strengthening the capacity of LPSK to be able to carry out its protection mandate more inclusively and effectively.

Kureksari Village utilizes local economic potential and designs strategies to increase revenue through analysis of the 2024 budget realization and the 2025 budget plan. Kureksari Village, located in Sidoarjo Regency, has a wealth of resources in the form of physical assets such as a sports building managed by BUMDes as well as non-physical potential such as a spirit of mutual cooperation and a high level of community education. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach through case studies, using data obtained from interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings show that village financial management has been directed towards the principles of transparency and efficiency, with a focus on spending on development, empowerment, and strengthening the community economy. Although village income in 2025 is projected to increase, challenges are still seen in efforts to increase Village Original Income (PADes) sustainably. The strategies implemented include increasing the professionalism of BUMDes management, mentoring small business actors, and expanding market access through digitalization. Therefore, it is recommended that villages continue to strengthen the capacity of their apparatus, increase community involvement, and build partnerships with external parties to support the achievement of economically independent villages.

This research is empirical in nature, involving direct field observations through interviews with authorized police officers of Bone Bolango who are responsible for handling traffic violations. The findings indicate that the role of the police is crucial in fostering traffic order through comprehensive and adaptive approaches. The strategies required by law enforcement to combat traffic violations emphasize the importance of holistic and contextual methods. Effective strategies must integrate strict law enforcement with public legal education and awareness-building, along with the use of modern technologies such as electronic traffic law enforcement (e-TLE) to enhance monitoring and transparency. The proposed recommendations highlight the need to improve the capacity of police personnel in both quantity and quality through continuous training focused on enforcement techniques and humanistic approaches. A more comprehensive approach is necessary, integrating enforcement, education, and community guidance simultaneously. These strategies must be supported by enhanced infrastructure and technology, such as the development of the e-TLE system and the installation of CCTV at high-risk violation points to improve monitoring effectiveness.

This research adopts a normative juridical approach, focusing on legal norms, doctrines, and principles related to the Inspectorate's responsibility in supervising problematic BUMDes management from a criminal law perspective. Supervisory planning begins with the Regional Inspectorate preparing an Annual Supervisory Work Plan (RKPT), which outlines oversight activities for the year. Internal supervision and criminal law serve different but complementary roles: the former is preventive, aiming to detect irregularities early, while the latter is repressive, addressing legal violations. The synergy between both mechanisms is essential for transparent and efficient BUMDes financial management. Strengthening the Inspectorate’s role requires improving its institutional capacity and enhancing the competence of its personnel. This includes developing technical auditing skills and a deep understanding of criminal law related to village fund misuse. Professional auditors with legal insight are crucial for early detection of fund misappropriation, thereby fostering integrity and accountability in village financial governance.

The problem of election violations in the form of money politics continues to be a challenge in the democratization process in Indonesia, including in Gorontalo Regency. Although regulations have been strictly regulated in Law Number 7 Year 2017, the implementation of law enforcement against money politics still faces various obstacles. This study aims to analyze the obstacles faced by law enforcement officials, especially the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu), in taking action against money politics violations during the implementation of the General Election in Gorontalo Regency. This type of research is empirical juridical research, with a qualitative approach and using interview techniques with Bawaslu commissioners as the main data source. The main findings show that the main obstacles come from weak evidentiary instruments, a deeply rooted transactional political culture in the community, and Bawaslu's limited authority in the law enforcement process. In addition, the lack of public participation in reporting violations is a factor that contributes to weakening the effectiveness of law enforcement. The conclusion of this study confirms that the success of law enforcement against money politics is largely determined by the synergy between strong regulations, independent and professional supervisory institutions, and public political awareness. Therefore, it is recommended that strengthening the institutional capacity of Bawaslu, reformulating regulations regarding the proof of money politics violations, and increasing public political education be prioritized in the electoral reform agenda in the regions.

Corporate crime within PT Permodalan Nasional Madani (PNM) Palu Branch reflects the vulnerability of state-owned financial institutions to practices of abuse of authority and violation of the law by internal elements. This case caused state losses and damaged public trust. This research aims to analyze the criminal sanctions and obstacles faced by law enforcement officials in cracking down on corporate crime, as well as formulating solutions for handling it. This research uses a normative juridical approach with the support of empirical data from cases in the Palu District Attorney's Office. The results show that criminal sanctions against individual perpetrators have been applied, but have not yet touched on aspects of institutional corporate responsibility. The main obstacles in law enforcement include limited evidence, the complexity of the organizational structure, the apparatus' lack of understanding of corporate law, and external pressures that interfere with the independence of the investigation. Suggestions include the need to increase the capacity of investigators in forensic audit and corporate law, strengthening the internal monitoring and whistleblowing system at PNM, and collaboration between law enforcement agencies. Thus, law enforcement against corporate crime can be carried out more effectively, fairly, and able to prevent the recurrence of similar crimes in the future.

The suggestions put forward are: Law enforcement against counterfeit money distribution crimes must require a structured and comprehensive strategy. One important step is to increase the capacity of law enforcement officers, including the police, prosecutors, and judges, through special training on counterfeit money crimes. Improving digital forensic and counterfeit money detection capabilities, including the use of the latest technology. This increase in competence will help officers identify the perpetrators' modus operandi and speed up the investigation process. In addition, the formation of a special unit or task force that focuses on handling counterfeit money cases can also strengthen the effectiveness of handling cases in the field. Then community involvement in preventing counterfeit money circulation must be optimized through broad public education regarding the characteristics of genuine and counterfeit money and reporting procedures if suspicious money is found. This awareness campaign can be carried out through mass media, social media, and cooperation with educational institutions. In the digital era, the use of information systems and technology such as counterfeit money databases and money circulation tracking systems is also an effective solution. By involving all elements of government, law enforcement, financial institutions, and the community, law enforcement against counterfeit money distribution crimes can be more effective, fair, and have a long-term impact.

The rapid growth of urban areas has triggered the rise of unlicensed development or illegal buildings that have a negative impact on spatial planning, the environment, and the social life of the community. Controlling illegal buildings is a big challenge for local governments, especially in applying administrative sanctions effectively and fairly. This article analyzes various problems faced in applying administrative sanctions, including structural constraints, weak legal culture, and socio-economic impacts of the crackdown. Using normative and empirical juridical approaches, this research evaluates the effectiveness of administrative sanctions in a number of cities such as Surabaya, Bekasi, and Pontianak, and highlights the need for regulatory reform, strengthening the capacity of the apparatus, and participatory approaches to the community. The results show that the effectiveness of administrative sanctions is still limited due to slow bureaucracy, lack of coordination between agencies, and low public legal awareness. Therefore, a comprehensive and collaborative strategy is needed to improve administrative law enforcement that is consistent and has a real impact in creating an orderly, sustainable and socially just urban space.