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The increasing adoption of collaborative robots in modern manufacturing environments requires reliable perception systems that can ensure both safety and operational efficiency during human–robot collaboration. This study proposes a CNN-based real-time computer vision system for object and human detection in shared robotic workspaces. The research focuses on developing and evaluating a single-stage deep learning detection model optimized for real-time performance while maintaining high detection accuracy. The proposed methodology includes dataset preparation, model training using transfer learning, real-time system implementation, and comprehensive performance evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed system achieves high detection accuracy, as reflected by strong precision, recall, and mean Average Precision (mAP) values, while maintaining low inference latency suitable for real-time operation. The system consistently operates above real-time frame-rate thresholds, ensuring timely perception updates required for safety-related decision-making in collaborative robotic environments. Graphical and quantitative analyses further confirm the stability of inference performance under dynamic interaction scenarios involving human movement and multiple objects. Compared with existing approaches, the proposed system provides a balanced trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency, making it practical for deployment in safety-aware human–robot collaboration scenarios. Overall, the findings indicate that CNN-based real-time object detection systems can effectively support perception and situational awareness in collaborative robotics, contributing to safer and more efficient industrial automation.

Recent advancements in environmental monitoring and robotic control demand systems that are capable of real-time responsiveness, energy efficiency, and reliable operation in dynamic and resource-constrained environments. Conventional cloud-centric cyber-physical system (CPS) architectures often suffer from high latency, continuous connectivity dependency, and increased energy consumption, limiting their suitability for time-critical monitoring and adaptive control applications. To address these challenges, this study proposes an intelligent embedded cyber-physical system integrating Edge AI, low-power sensor networks, and adaptive robotic control for environmental monitoring. The proposed architecture relocates data processing and decision-making closer to the data source, enabling real-time inference, reduced communication overhead, and enhanced system autonomy. The research adopts a design-oriented experimental methodology involving system architecture design, lightweight Edge AI model development, prototype implementation, and performance evaluation under realistic operating conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed edge-based CPS significantly reduces end-to-end latency and energy consumption while maintaining acceptable inference accuracy compared to cloud-based processing. Furthermore, the system achieves improved communication efficiency and higher operational reliability, particularly under intermittent network connectivity. The findings highlight that embedding intelligence at the edge enables closed-loop sensing, decision-making, and actuation, which is essential for adaptive robotic control in environmental monitoring scenarios. This study contributes a system-level perspective on Edge AI–enabled CPS design and provides empirical evidence supporting the transition from cloud-centric architectures toward distributed, energy-aware, and resilient cyber-physical systems for real-time monitoring and control applications.

Model driven Development (MDD) has emerged as an efficient software engineering methodology that focuses on using high-level models as primary artifacts throughout the software development process. The methodology involves transforming abstract models into detailed designs, and eventually into executable code, with the assistance of automated tools. This study evaluates the impact of MDD on the Verification and Validation (V&V) processes within secure enterprise software systems. By comparing MDD-based projects with traditional code-centric development approaches, the study highlights the advantages of MDD in reducing verification time, minimizing defect leakage, and improving the traceability of security requirements. MDD significantly enhances V&V efficiency by automating key processes, which allows for earlier error detection and better resource utilization. Additionally, MDD strengthens security compliance by integrating security requirements early in the development lifecycle, ensuring better alignment between system requirements and their implementation. Despite the clear benefits, challenges such as the lack of standardized tools and the need for specialized expertise in model development were also encountered during the study. The findings of this research offer important insights for enterprise software development teams looking to adopt MDD for more efficient and secure V&V processes. Future research should focus on the long-term impact of MDD on security compliance, as well as its adoption across different industries, to fully understand the practical benefits and challenges of implementing MDD in diverse real-world environments.

The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) technology into higher education has emerged as a promising approach to enhance collaborative learning experiences. This study aims to design and evaluate an AR multimedia framework that facilitates real time interaction and spatial visualization, creating immersive and engaging learning environments for students. The AR framework was developed with a focus on improving student engagement, collaboration, and learning outcomes through interactive 3D models and real time feedback. By leveraging AR technology, the study sought to address common challenges in traditional learning environments, such as limited student interaction and engagement, and lack of real time feedback. The experimental evaluation involved two student groups: one using the AR-based system and the other using conventional multimedia tools. Findings revealed that students using the AR framework showed significant improvements in engagement, interaction frequency, and collaborative task performance. Additionally, the AR framework contributed to better learning outcomes, including enhanced comprehension, retention of complex concepts, and improved problem-solving skills. The study also highlighted the importance of incorporating a user-centered design approach in developing AR applications to ensure that the system meets the needs and preferences of learners. Qualitative feedback from students indicated that the AR system provided an enriched learning experience, although challenges such as interface navigation were noted. Overall, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of AR in fostering collaborative learning and offers practical insights for its integration into higher education curricula. Future research should explore the integration of AR with other immersive technologies to further enhance collaborative learning experiences.

This study aims to improve the quality of gallon water products and strengthen the competitiveness of CV. Anugerah Gemilang through the implementation of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) using the House of Quality (HoQ). The QFD approach is employed to translate the Voice of Customer (VoC) into technical product characteristics as well as service quality attributes that influence customer satisfaction. The research method applied is quantitative-descriptive with the support of qualitative data. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to customers to measure the importance and satisfaction levels regarding product and service attributes, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews to reinforce and validate the questionnaire results. Subsequently, the VoC data were analyzed using the HoQ matrix to determine quality improvement priorities based on customer importance weights. This study is expected to produce strategic recommendations in the form of prioritized product and service quality enhancements focused on customer satisfaction, thereby supporting the sustainable improvement of the company’s competitiveness.

This article aims to describe the teaching methods and practices of the Philosophy of Islamic Education course at STAI Darussalam. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a field study method that focuses on the learning process, the competencies to be achieved, teaching methods, assignment formats, evaluation systems, and obstacles encountered during the course. Data were obtained through observation and information gathering related to the implementation of the Philosophy of Islamic Education course. The results show that the teaching of the Philosophy of Islamic Education at STAI Darussalam focuses on understanding the nature of Islamic education, developing students' critical thinking patterns, improving educational literacy, and linking philosophical studies to social and political realities. The lecture method remains the dominant method used by lecturers, with an emphasis on students' ability to define and explain basic philosophical concepts accurately as an indicator of understanding. Learning success is measured by changes in students' thinking, which becomes increasingly critical, reflective, and contextual in responding to educational issues and social justice issues.

People with disabilities continue to experience barriers in accessing education, employment, and social participation, requiring active government involvement through inclusive programs. One such initiative is the International Disability Day event organized by the South Tangerang City Social Service in collaboration with Rumah I’m Star. This study aims to analyze the public relations activities of the South Tangerang City Social Service by examining problem identification, planning, implementation, and interpretation in organizing the event. The research is based on the public relations model of Cutlip, Center, and Broom, which includes four stages: defining the problem, planning and programming, taking action and communicating, and evaluating the program. A qualitative approach with a descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, involving purposively selected informants from the Public Relations Division of the Social Service, the founder of Rumah I’m Star, beneficiaries, and public relations experts. The findings show that the Social Service identified low public awareness of disability issues as the main problem and responded by developing a collaborative communication strategy with Rumah I’m Star. The activities implemented included art performances, talk shows, and a bazaar showcasing the works of persons with disabilities, which were disseminated digitally. Program evaluation was conducted internally without standardized measurement instruments, limiting interpretation to event outcomes and participant involvement. Overall, the study concludes that these public relations efforts enhanced government communication and promoted inclusion awareness, although broader public engagement is needed for sustainable impact.

The majority of Kebomas District's residents are connected to working hours during government office hours (Monday through Friday), which creates access obstacles in administering public services due to the high population density and busy community life. In response to these time constraints, the SOS MAS (Service On Saturday in Kebomas District) invention was introduced, which offers services on Saturdays. However, the implementation of this innovation still faces challenges in the form of a low social integration rate and a restricted range of public services that have the potential to sway public opinion. The goal of this research is to assess how the SOS MAS innovation affects community happiness in Kebomas District. A quantitative technique with an associative approach is used in this research. Through an unintentional sampling method, questionnaires were given to 86 individuals in order to gather primary data. With the aid of SPSS, the determinant coefficient and a simple linear regression test were used to analyze the data. The study's findings reveal that the SOS MAS invention has a favorable and substantial influence on community happiness. The regression coefficient of 0.969 and a significance level of 0.000 <0.05 support this. The innovation variable accounted for 59.7% of public happiness, while the remaining 40.3% was impacted by variables not included in the study model, according to the coefficient of determination (R2) test. This result supports the notion that the efficacy of service innovation outside of working hours is a major element in boosting happiness for individuals with limited time. The SOS MAS innovation has been shown to greatly improve public satisfaction. Agencies are encouraged to improve their communication and outreach efforts as well as create SOS MAS innovations that maximize the advantages of innovations that meet community needs.

Public transportation plays an important role in supporting community mobility and accelerating regional economic growth. To improve public transportation services in East Java, the East Java Provincial Transportation Agency introduced the Trans Jatim Bus system. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including long bus arrival times, the use of mobile applications that are difficult for elderly users, and inconsistencies in the availability of supporting facilities such as seating and trash bins at bus stops. This study aims to analyze the quality of Trans Jatim Bus services based on the service quality dimensions proposed by Wirtz and Lovelock. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that reliability has not met service standards due to prolonged waiting times. Responsiveness and assurance were found to meet service standards, as passengers expressed satisfaction with service responses and complaint handling. Empathy was considered adequate, although accessibility issues for elderly passengers remain. Tangible aspects were also sufficiently met, but inconsistencies were found in the provision of seating and trash bins at several bus stops. Based on these findings, the study recommends increasing the number of buses on corridor 2, evaluating bus schedules, conducting public awareness campaigns, and ensuring the consistent provision of seating and trash bins at all bus stops to improve overall service quality.

The primary focus of this research is to evaluate the influence of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), profitability levels, and entity scale on the market value of coal mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2021 and 2023. This study adopts a quantitative design by utilizing secondary data from the official IDX website, where 8 companies were selected as samples from a total population of 34 coal sub-sector companies through purposive sampling techniques. Data processing was carried out through panel data regression analysis using Eviews 12 software. The research data indicates that, independently, the implementation of good corporate governance and the level of profit acquisition do not contribute significantly to determining the value of the entity. Conversely, company size is proven to have a significant negative impact. Simultaneous testing confirms that these three independent variables collectively have a significant effect on company value. These findings indicate the need for strategies that consider factors beyond good corporate governance and profitability in efforts to increase company value, such as operational efficiency and proper asset management.

Digital copyright piracy remains a growing legal issue in Indonesia alongside the rapid development of information technology. This practice not only causes economic losses to creators and copyright holders but also reflects a gap between legal norms and social realities. This study aims to analyze legal protection for digital copyrights and to assess the effectiveness of Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright. This research employs a normative legal method using a library research approach by examining statutory regulations and relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that although Indonesia has established an adequate legal framework for copyright protection, its implementation remains ineffective due to low public legal awareness, weak law enforcement, and challenges in monitoring digital platforms. These findings emphasize that effective copyright protection requires not only comprehensive regulations but also synergy between the government, law enforcement authorities, and the development of a strong legal culture within society.

The development of digital marketing has become a strategic factor in the growth of creative culinary businesses, particularly for micro, small, and medium enterprises facing increasing competition and changes in consumer behavior in the digital era. The use of digital platforms, such as social media and online marketplaces, enables business owners to expand market reach, enhance customer interaction, and optimize promotional strategies more efficiently. Nevertheless, various studies indicate that the implementation of digital marketing has not always produced optimal outcomes due to limitations in digital literacy, human resource capacity, and organizational adaptability. This study aims to systematically examine the role of digital marketing in the development of creative culinary businesses through a Systematic Literature Review approach. The review maps key concepts, research trends, and empirical findings related to digital marketing and organizational learning within the context of creative culinary enterprises. In addition, this study identifies existing research gaps and formulates recommendations for future research issues. The findings are expected to provide theoretical contributions in the form of comprehensive conceptual mapping as well as practical contributions for business practitioners, MSME facilitators, and policymakers in designing adaptive and sustainable digital marketing strategies.

This study investigates the incorporation of Sufi-oriented values into the management practices and production processes of MADA Drinking Water operated by the Ahlus Shafa Wal Wafa Islamic Boarding School Foundation. The research focuses on the Syafi’i ethical concept known as Giti–Gito, which encompasses spiritual and moral values including sincerity, patience, inner richness, holistic physical and spiritual well-being, as well as fairness in sharing resources. The main aim of this study is to examine how these values are implemented within pesantren-based business management and to assess their impact on employees’ work attitudes, leadership styles, and interpersonal relations in the workplace. This research employs a qualitative case study method. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and a review of relevant institutional documents. The findings reveal that the implementation of Giti–Gito values has successfully shaped a work environment grounded in religious ethics, social harmony, and humanistic principles. The Giti aspect strengthens employees’ commitment to sincerity, patience, and accountability in carrying out their responsibilities, while the Gito aspect contributes to enhancing employee welfare and fostering a sense of social responsibility. Although challenges remain in reconciling spiritual values with modern management demands, the integration of both spiritual and professional dimensions has demonstrated its effectiveness in creating a productive, ethical, and sustainable organizational environment.

Indonesian language learning in elementary schools, especially on figurative language, still faces various problems, such as difficult to understand material, limited learning media, and low student interest and understanding. This is also experienced by fifth-grade students of SD 1 Mlati Lor who have difficulty recognizing types of figurative language and understanding their meaning well in context. This study aims to develop an interactive flipbook media about figurative language that highlights the local wisdom of North Sulawesi and test its feasibility and practicality for semantic learning. The method used in this study is research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research subjects were fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 1 Mlati Lor. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, validation by material and media experts, questionnaires for teachers and students, and learning outcome tests. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. The results of the study indicate that the interactive flipbook media inspired by the local wisdom of North Sulawesi was considered very valid by experts. Furthermore, practicality testing demonstrated that teachers and students responded in the "very practical" category, indicating that the media was easy to use and well-received in learning. The application of local cultural elements has been shown to help students understand figurative language concepts more clearly and meaningfully. Therefore, the developed flipbook can be used as an alternative Indonesian language learning medium to improve students' semantic understanding and cultural knowledge in elementary schools.

Forestry crimes remain a serious and recurring problem that threatens forest sustainability in Lampung Province and causes long-term environmental damage. The use of repressive penal approaches alone has been considered ineffective, as such measures tend to focus on punishment after violations occur rather than preventing crimes in advance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze non-penal efforts in preventing forestry crimes and to identify factors that hinder their effective implementation. The research used a normative juridical approach supported by an empirical approach through literature studies and interviews. The results show that non-penal strategies, including guidance, counseling, community empowerment, and conservation partnership programs implemented by the Tahura Wan Abdul Rachman KPHK UPTD, have contributed to reducing forestry crimes. Nevertheless, several obstacles continue to limit their effectiveness, such as overlapping regulations, limited numbers of law enforcement officers and supporting infrastructure, challenging socio-economic conditions of communities living around forest areas, and low levels of legal awareness and legal culture among local populations.

Teaching fiction in Indonesian language classrooms is often constrained by text-centered instruction and limited use of engaging digital media. In the era of Generation Z learners who are visually and digitally oriented, innovative learning materials are needed to enhance motivation, interpretation, and comprehension of literary texts. This study aims to develop and evaluate a Scribus-based digital magazine for fiction learning by integrating the ADDIE model within a qualitative descriptive framework. The research adopted a qualitative descriptive design comprising five stages of the ADDIE model: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 10 Semarang, involving one Indonesian language teacher and fifteen Grade VIII students, who were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model (data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing). Media and content experts conducted validation to assess the feasibility, usability, and pedagogical quality of the content. Findings revealed that the Scribus-based learning media effectively increased students’ engagement and comprehension in analyzing fictional elements such as plot, character, and setting. Expert validation results indicated a high feasibility level, with mean scores above 85% in design and content quality. Teachers reported improved classroom interaction and creativity, while students expressed enthusiasm for the visual and interactive format. The study concludes that open-source tools, such as Scribus, can provide cost-effective and pedagogically sound alternatives for developing literary learning media. The integration of ADDIE and multimodal design promotes contextual, engaging, and sustainable learning experiences. Future research should explore multimedia enhancements, such as audio storytelling and cross-curricular applications, to broaden the pedagogical impact.

The analysis methods used in this study include a case study on the use of closed-loop recycling and an evaluation of biopolymer performance across various industries, both of which are important components in the transformation of the manufacturing industry toward a circular economy. The research findings indicate that recycled materials can reduce carbon emissions by thirty to fifty percent and save production costs by fifteen to twenty-five percent. Artificial intelligence-based sorting technology improves sorting efficiency to 95 percent, and closed-loop recycling maintains the mechanical properties of materials up to 90 percent after four cycles. The degradation rate of biopolymers like PLA and PHA reaches 60-80% within six months, although production costs are still 2-3 times higher. The integrated approach increases resource efficiency by 45% and reduces waste by 60%. To achieve successful implementation, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policies, strategic infrastructure investments, and collaboration from various parties thru the triple helix model must work together.

Financial literacy is a crucial competency for today’s young generation, especially Gen Z, who are currently in the midst of the development of financial technology. However, the level of financial literacy among vocational and high school students is still relatively low, including students at SMK Negeri 1 Musuk. This community service activity, which includes outreach activities, aims to provide and improve students’ understanding and also change students’ attitudes towards financial literacy so they can manage their finances well, wisely, and responsibly. The method used in this outreach activity is a qualitative method with a type of outreach activity consisting of several stages or sessions: the first is the observation session, the second is the activity planning, and the third is the implementation of the outreach activity. This activity was carried out on December 5, 2025, with 30 participants from class XI AKL 1 participating in this activity. The material presented consisted of the definition of financial literacy, factors, impacts, financial management strategies, as well as case studies or real examples of financial literacy. The results of this activity indicate that there is an increase in students’ understanding in learning financial literacy material, marked by students’ enthusiasm to listen and focus on the material presented. Not to mention, there were quite positive results from this activity: the students became more active in learning, as evidenced by the way they answered the questions I posed. This activity had a very positive impact on the younger generation, fostering awareness of the importance of financial literacy for their future.

The rapid development of digital technology requires Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to adapt by utilizing digital marketing and improving financial management practices. However, many service-based MSMEs have not yet optimized digital promotion and integrated bookkeeping in their business operations. This community service activity aims to enhance the promotion of service MSMEs through the implementation of digital marketing and to strengthen cost control through simple bookkeeping at AND CUSTOM LED. The methods used include an initial survey, practical mentoring, and evaluation of the activities. The mentoring process involved training in promotional content creation, the use of social media as a business communication tool, and the application of daily transaction recording. The results indicate an improvement in the business owner’s understanding and behavior regarding promotional management and financial recording. The MSME owner became more active and consistent in implementing digital promotion strategies and more disciplined in recording income and expenses. In addition, the mentoring encouraged a more independent and well-planned work attitude. Overall, this activity demonstrates that integrating digital marketing with simple bookkeeping can improve the quality of service MSME management and support business sustainability in the digital era.

The increasingly competitive world of work demands that workers possess not only technical competence but also a sound understanding of professional ethics. Students at the Mitra Sauri Job Training Institute (LPK), as prospective workers, need to be equipped with professional ethical values to enable them to behave professionally, responsibly, and with integrity in the workplace. This Community Service activity aims to improve students' understanding of professional ethics as a preparation for entering the workforce. The activity implementation method includes counseling, interactive lectures, discussions, and case studies related to the application of professional ethics in the workplace. The material presented includes the definition of professional ethics, professional attitudes and behavior, work discipline, responsibility, and communication ethics in the workplace. Evaluation of the activity was carried out through questions and answers and measuring participants' understanding before and after the activity. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' understanding of the importance of professional ethics and their awareness to apply it in the workplace. It is hoped that this activity can contribute to developing human resources who are work-ready, professional, and ethical.