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To ensure openness, responsibility and effectiveness in managing state finances, this research examines state financial management from a legality and anti-corruption perspective. In this research, relevant laws and regulations and scientific literature were studied using a literature study approach. The research results show that the principle of legality emphasizes the need for all state financial management activities to comply with relevant regulations, including the use of the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) as a legal basis. The anti-corruption principle complements the principle of legality with preventive pressure and firm action against the protection of permits that are detrimental to state finances. These two principles support each other to ensure responsible financial management, protect officials with good intentions, and take action against perpetrators of corruption who fulfill the elements of malicious intent. In conclusion, implementing the principles of legality and anti-corruption synergistically can encourage good state financial governance, support clean government, and create sustainable development.

The development of digital technology has a major impact on Arabic language learning, both in terms of opportunities and obstacles. This journal aims to identify opportunities and obstacles in Arabic language learning from the perspective of teachers and students. This research approach uses qualitative methods with interviews and literature studies to obtain a comprehensive picture of how digital technology can improve or hinder the Arabic language learning process. The results of the study indicate that the existence of digital technology provides many great opportunities for Arabic language learning, including: First, access to learning materials becomes wider. Second, there is global interaction. Third. Learning becomes more innovative and interesting. Fourth. Efficiency of time and place of learning. Fifth. The existence of digital technology can help advance educational institutions to the international level. However, there are also significant challenges from the existence of digital technology in Arabic language learning, including: First, the lack of maturity of teachers and students in using and utilizing digital technology. Second, there is digital distraction. Third, there is a technological gap and others.

In this sophisticated era, the use of mobile phones among teenagers has increased rapidly both for learning and daily needs. Excessive use of mobile phones will have an impact on the lifestyle of teenagers because of playing online games. Therefore, this study aims to determine the impact of online games among teenagers in the perspective of Islam, especially referring to the views of the hadith. The population in this study were teenagers aged 15-17 years who played the online game mobile legend around 4-7 hours or more per day and teenagers who were addicted to the online game mobile legend numbered 5 respondents. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach by means of observation and interviews and documentation. The results of the analysis of interviews and observations show that the influence of the online game mobile legend greatly affects the development and growth of teenagers because online games affect the health, psychology, academics, social, and free time that teenagers have is wasted which is detrimental to themselves. Islam does not forbid its people to have fun, but it must remain within the limits and corridors that are determined. The games played should be in accordance with their portion, aka not excessive. Don't let entertainment take up all your time, disrupt your health, hinder other activities, take up study and work time and don't let it distract someone from their main duties, especially in worship, and don't let it make people forget about more important games, such as physical exercise to improve your health or do better activities than being addicted to playing online games. Games also shouldn't make people fall into addiction.  

This study aims to identify obstacles and opportunities in the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Mojokerto Regency, Indonesia from a macroeconomic perspective. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study analyzes various literature and secondary data from national and international sources. The research findings show that MSMEs in Mojokerto Regency face several major obstacles, including limited access to financing, lack of digital literacy, inadequate infrastructure, and challenges in improving the quality of human resources. On the other hand, there are significant opportunities for MSME development through the use of digital technology, government policy support, and export market development. From a macroeconomic perspective, the success of MSME development in Mojokerto will not only have an impact on improving the welfare of local communities but can also contribute to regional and national economic growth. Recommendations from this study include increasing access to financing, accelerating the development of digital infrastructure, and strengthening the capacity of MSME actors through entrepreneurship training and technological literacy. By overcoming these obstacles and utilizing existing opportunities, MSMEs in Mojokerto Regency have the potential to become a driving force for a stronger and more sustainable economy.

There are two issues studied in this thesis, namely: the management of Village Unit Cooperatives in improving the welfare of members in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, Tebo Regency and the management of Village Unit Cooperatives from a sharia economic perspective. The aim of this research is to determine the management of Village Unit Cooperatives in improving the welfare of members in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, Tebo Regency and to determine the management of Village Unit Cooperatives from a sharia economic perspective. To reveal this problem in depth and comprehensively, researchers used a qualitative approach by collecting data using observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is field analysis using an interactive model including data reduction, data display, data verification. From the research results, it can be concluded that: In the management of the Village Unit Cooperative in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, Tebo Regency, 4 (four) cooperative management functions are implemented, namely: planning, organizing, acting, and monitoring. controlling). There are business units such as supermarkets, convenience stores, savings and loans, agricultural production facilities, and the provision of fertilizer which are solutions for the community according to their individual interests. In the management of the Village Unit Cooperative in Lubuk Mandarsah Village, according to an Islamic economic perspective, namely using the principle of shura' (deliberation) in every decision making, and also using the principle of ta'awun (mutual assistance) in the Village Unit Cooperative which has been implemented but equated with the principle of mutual cooperation.

Culture is an integral part of human life, reflecting the capacity as creatures made in the image of God. This article explores the relationship between Christian faith and culture from theological and biblical perspectives. The discussion covers the meaning and essence of culture, the origin of culture according to the Bible, as well as challenges and issues in integrating culture and Christian faith. Additionally, this article provides a critical analysis of the relevance of the Gospel in the context of modern culture, accompanied by case studies of churches in Indonesia. By understanding culture as a redeemable blessing from God, the church has a responsibility to bring transformation to society without compromising the integrity of the Gospel.

This study aims to describe the role of the concept of taqwa in Islamic education as a moral guide to achieve the ultimate goal of human education. Taqwa, as one of the core concepts in Islam, has a profound meaning and is very influential in shaping the character of individuals who believe and are responsible in the life of this world and the hereafter. Islamic education seeks to form human beings who are not only intellectually intelligent, but also have high spiritual awareness. The concept of taqwa in Islamic education integrates spiritual, moral, and intellectual aspects that include practicing the teachings of Allah in daily life, social interaction, and achieving balanced life goals between this world and the hereafter. This study uses a library research method by analyzing various literature related to taqwa in the perspective of Islamic education, including interpretation of the Qur'an, hadith, and Islamic education books. The results of the study show that the application of taqwa values in education is expected to form a generation that is not only successful in this world, but also survived in the hereafter. Therefore, Islamic education based on the concept of taqwa aims to create individuals who have a balance between worldly intelligence and spiritual depth, so that they can achieve worldly happiness and salvation in the hereafter.

The determination of human skeletons and fragments has significant value from both a legal and humanitarian perspective, which generally includes the evaluation of teeth, bones, fingerprints, and genetic material. However, fingerprinting and DNA methods are not without their limitations. Sex determination is an important first step in biological profiling, which plays a role in victim matching. Research on sex identification using T12 vertebrae with Geometric Morphometric (GM) techniques is still relatively rare. The GM technique deeply explores the dimensions and shape of objects. This study used an analytic observational design with a retrospective cross-sectional approach, involving 100 CT scan samples from Dr. Kariadi Hospital. Gender was used as the independent variable, while size (centroid size) and shape (principal component) were the dependent variables. The results of independent t-test and Mann-Whitney analysis showed a significant difference in T12 vertebra size between men and women (p = 0.000), but not in shape (p = 0.439). Based on the GM technique, it was revealed that the difference in T12 vertebrae between men and women was in size, not shape.

This study critically examines access to justice for minors who are victims of rape in the context of the Indonesian criminal justice system, with a special focus on the human rights perspective. This study is motivated by the high number of cases of sexual violence against children and the complexity of handling them in the Indonesian legal system. The research problem is how to protect human rights for minors who are victims of rape in the law enforcement system in Indonesia. The research method uses qualitative normative legal research by analyzing legal doctrine and related legislation. The research method used is qualitative normative legal research, namely examining various laws and regulations and related literature to understand legal principles and their implementation in the field. The results of the study show that in terms of legal-normative, the protection of children's human rights is regulated in various national and international laws and regulations. However, there are several challenges in its implementation in the field such as limited understanding of law enforcement officers, facilities, and implementing regulations. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen socialization, legal frameworks and implementation facilities, and continuous evaluation in order to realize universal protection of children's human rights. This study identifies systemic challenges faced by victims in seeking justice, including child-unfriendly legal procedures, lack of psychosocial support, and persistent social stigma. The study’s main findings indicate significant gaps between international human rights standards on child protection and practices on the ground. This study argues for a comprehensive reform of Indonesia’s criminal justice system to better accommodate the needs and rights of child victims, including the provision of specialized legal assistance, increased sensitivity of law enforcement officers, and the development of recovery-centered justice mechanisms. This study offers concrete recommendations for system improvement, which are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers, legal practitioners, and other stakeholders in efforts to improve access to justice for child rape victims in Indonesia.  

In the Islamic perspective, leadership is a mandate and responsibility that must be held accountable in front of those who are led and Allah SWT. Leadership responsibilities in Islam are not only horizontal between fellow humans, but also vertical to Allah SWT. The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the concept of leadership in Islam by analyzing various verses of the Qur'an and relevant hadith. This research is included in the category of library research, because it analyzes documents and sources of information related to what is being researched. While the method used is a comparative method, which is a method that compares various data, theories, or concepts from different sources to find relevant equations, differences, or patterns. From the results of this study, it can be explained that the concept of leadership in Islam based on the Qur'an includes three main principles: humans as caliphs, the principle of faith, and ulil amri. Meanwhile, the concept of leadership in the Prophet's hadith describes various characteristics that a leader must have, including leadership spirit, professionalism, ability to carry out duties, conformity with the aspirations of the people, and involvement in deliberation.

This research analyzes the domestic problems raised in the novel Hanum & Rangga: Faith & the City using the perspective of Freud's theory. This novel depicts various conflicts that married couples often face, especially regarding gender roles, Islamic values, and the dynamics of a pluralist society. The background of the story shows the clash between personal ambition and household obligations experienced by the main characters, Hanum and Rangga, in the context of modern life in New York. This research aims to identify the internal and external conflicts faced by the main characters and understand the self-defense mechanisms used to overcome these problems. The method used is text analysis with a psychoanalytic approach to explore the psychological dynamics of the characters, including aspects of the id, ego and superego, in dealing with domestic conflict. Research findings show that the problems faced reflect the realities of modern domestic relationships, with a focus on the challenges of maintaining a balance between personal, professional and spiritual life. This research makes an important contribution in understanding how literary works can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of family relationships, as well as highlighting the relevance of Islamic values ​​in building harmonious households in the midst of globalization.  

This article discusses the phenomenon of healing beliefs in Javanese and Japanese culture which is presented through the narrative of the novel Pingkan Melipat Distance by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The novel explores the complexities of cross-cultural relationships, highlighting the traditional beliefs that influence the way the main character, Pingkan, deals with emotional and identity crises. In Javanese culture, healing beliefs are rooted in harmony between spirituality, nature and the body, while in Japanese culture, balance between the body, mind and environment is the main foundation. This article finds that through Pingkan's journey, this novel represents a cross-cultural dialogue that not only connects local and global values ​​but also opens up space for reflection on identity and healing in the modern era. With a literary approach and cultural perspective, this article presents an in-depth understanding of how healing traditions contribute to the sustainability of cultural values as well as being a tool to face the challenges of globalization.

This research analyzes the domestic problems raised in the novel Hanum & Rangga: Faith & the City using the perspective of Freud's theory. This novel depicts various conflicts that married couples often face, especially regarding gender roles, Islamic values, and the dynamics of a pluralist society. The background of the story shows the clash between personal ambition and household obligations experienced by the main characters, Hanum and Rangga, in the context of modern life in New York. This research aims to identify the internal and external conflicts faced by the main characters and understand the self-defense mechanisms used to overcome these problems. The method used is text analysis with a psychoanalytic approach to explore the psychological dynamics of the characters, including aspects of the id, ego and superego, in dealing with domestic conflict. Research findings show that the problems faced reflect the realities of modern domestic relationships, with a focus on the challenges of maintaining a balance between personal, professional and spiritual life. This research makes an important contribution in understanding how literary works can be a medium for reflection on the complexity of family relationships, as well as highlighting the relevance of Islamic values ​​in building harmonious households in the midst of globalization.  

This article discusses the phenomenon of healing beliefs in Javanese and Japanese culture which is presented through the narrative of the novel Pingkan Melipat Distance by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The novel explores the complexities of cross-cultural relationships, highlighting the traditional beliefs that influence the way the main character, Pingkan, deals with emotional and identity crises. In Javanese culture, healing beliefs are rooted in harmony between spirituality, nature and the body, while in Japanese culture, balance between the body, mind and environment is the main foundation. This article finds that through Pingkan's journey, this novel represents a cross-cultural dialogue that not only connects local and global values ​​but also opens up space for reflection on identity and healing in the modern era. With a literary approach and cultural perspective, this article presents an in-depth understanding of how healing traditions contribute to the sustainability of cultural values as well as being a tool to face the challenges of globalization.

In the era of globalization , digital communication media is developing with rapid make it easier everyone in​ respond and express opinion through Network online social . Change.org is one of the sites that can utilized Good individual and also group For submit A petition online against​ decision the perceived government not enough appropriate . Success on monitoring the decision government in Indonesia through this online petition including very good , but sadly Not yet There is regulation specifically that covers it . In line with problem said , the purpose writing article This is For analyze urgency making A Regulation legislation about Online Petitions and their preparation use perspective Good Legislation Making . Research law normative which prioritizes Conception Good Legislation Making become appropriate methodology​ with objective research that was initiated . For make it easier discussion , poured out formulation problem , the first How Urgency Formation Regulation Legislation About Online Petition , Second How Ideal Concept of Regulation Legislation About Perspective Online Petition Good Legislation Making. From results analysis found that in Indonesia indeed Not yet There is regulation special that becomes umbrella law online petitions as well draft idealist making legislation online petition using perspective Good Legislation Makang .  

This study aims to analyze the plot and point of view in the short story Percayakah Kau Padaku, a work that features deep psychological exploration and strong emotional conflict. Using a structuralist approach, this research evaluates how the non-linear plot and the choice of first-person perspective influence the reader's understanding of the characters and the main themes, namely trust and betrayal. The complex plot, with shifts between the past and present, creates tension and adds depth to the protagonist's inner journey. On the other hand, the first-person perspective allows the reader to directly experience the psychological dilemmas faced by the character, enriching the understanding of the internal conflict. Through this analysis, it can be concluded that the plot and point of view serve as tools to deepen the characters, strengthen the themes of the story, and provide a more intense reading experience. This study also offers suggestions for further story development by enriching the supporting characters and clarifying the time transitions in the plot.

This study aims to analyze the plot and point of view in the short story Percayakah Kau Padaku, a work that features deep psychological exploration and strong emotional conflict. Using a structuralist approach, this research evaluates how the non-linear plot and the choice of first-person perspective influence the reader's understanding of the characters and the main themes, namely trust and betrayal. The complex plot, with shifts between the past and present, creates tension and adds depth to the protagonist's inner journey. On the other hand, the first-person perspective allows the reader to directly experience the psychological dilemmas faced by the character, enriching the understanding of the internal conflict. Through this analysis, it can be concluded that the plot and point of view serve as tools to deepen the characters, strengthen the themes of the story, and provide a more intense reading experience. This study also offers suggestions for further story development by enriching the supporting characters and clarifying the time transitions in the plot.

The growing complexity of maritime operations demands deck officers with advanced competencies and a strong understanding of sustainability principles. This study addresses critical gaps in maritime vocational education by exploring the effectiveness of current training programs, the integration of sustainability, and the role of technology-driven approaches. While previous research has focused on technical skills aligned with STCW standards, limited attention has been paid to leadership, communication, and environmental education. The research sought to answer how maritime training can be enhanced to address these gaps. Using a systematic literature review and qualitative analysis of insights from maritime professionals, educators, and graduates, the study synthesized theoretical frameworks with real-world experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, analyzed using thematic coding, and triangulated with findings from the literature review. The results demonstrate strong technical training aligned with STCW standards but reveal fragmented sustainability integration and inadequate leadership preparation. Simulation-based training was identified as highly effective, though it requires support from mentorship and real-world experiences. The findings provide actionable recommendations for enhancing curricula, fostering industry-academic partnerships, and refining policies to better prepare deck officers for modern maritime challenges. This research offers a practical roadmap for transforming maritime education, ensuring safety, operational efficiency, and sustainability in global maritime operations.

This research aims to explore the role of the Christian Religious Education (PAK) curriculum in improving the spirituality of youth in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, this study involved in-depth interviews with teachers, students and practitioners of Christian Religious Education to obtain a holistic perspective regarding the influence of the curriculum on the formation of the spirituality of the younger generation. The research results show that the PAK curriculum has an important role in instilling moral values, strengthening faith, and forming the character of Christian youth. The implementation of a relevant and contextual curriculum allows young people to understand and appreciate religious teachings more deeply, so as to improve the quality of their relationships with God and each other. This research also found that there are challenges in implementing a curriculum that is able to adapt to current developments and technology without ignoring the substance of spirituality. Therefore, the success of the PAK curriculum in increasing youth spirituality is highly dependent on the active involvement of educators and educational institutions in creating an environment that supports learning that is holistic and relevant to the spiritual needs of today's youth.

The purpose of this research is to see how the concept of maslahat is used for consumption from the perspective of Islamic economics in Slawi-Wetan Village. Maslahat is a principle that prioritizes achieving the good and welfare of society. This principle relates to consumption, encouraging people to prioritize useful needs and avoid consuming too much. To find out the consumption patterns of the local community, the research method used is a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with them. The results show that most people apply the maslahat principle in consumption, although there are some who still prefer to consume. This research shows that people should better understand the concept of maslahat and learn more about it so that their consumption patterns in the village are more in line with Islamic economic principles.