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This study explores the Islamic perspective on Human Rights (HR) through a qualitative approach based on literature review. It emphasizes that the principles of human rights are not foreign to Islamic teachings, but are inherently embedded in the values of Sharia derived from the Qur'an and Hadith. Islam upholds justice, freedom of religion, equality, the right to life, and social and economic welfare. The article also examines contemporary challenges faced by Muslim societies in implementing human rights, such as gender inequality, restrictions on religious freedom, and the marginalization of vulnerable groups, including the LGBT community. The findings reveal that the tensions between Islamic principles and international human rights standards often stem from differing normative foundations and interpretations of individual freedom. Therefore, a contextual reinterpretation (ijtihad) is necessary to ensure that Islamic values remain relevant and responsive to modern global challenges. The study concludes that, when applied wisely and aligned with universal humanitarian values, Islamic teachings hold significant potential to contribute to the development of a just, inclusive, and dignified society.

This study examines the practice of marital property division at the Sibolga Religious Court due to divorce caused by the husband's religious conversion. The phenomenon of divorce due to religious differences, especially religious conversion from Islam, creates legal complexities, particularly in determining rights and obligations related to marital property. This study employs a qualitative approach with an empirical legal research type, located at the Sibolga Religious Court. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with judges, court clerks, and parties involved in the cases, as well as document studies of court decisions. The results indicate that the Sibolga Religious Court has absolute authority in handling divorce cases due to the husband's religious conversion and the division of marital property within them. Despite the religious conversion, the principles of Islamic marital property law (syirkah) remain the primary basis, considering the contribution of each party. Challenges include the complexity of proving contributions, often emotional negotiations between parties, and judges' efforts to achieve substantive justice. The implications of the decisions not only involve legal aspects but also social and psychological ones for the families. This study recommends the need for broader legal socialization regarding rights and obligations in interfaith marriages and increased public understanding of marital property dispute resolution procedures.

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest Muslim population in the world, has a very strong wealth of religious traditions. Religious activities that are often carried out by local tourists are pilgrimages to the tombs of saints, one of which is the Tomb of Sunan Ampel in Surabaya. On the 29th night of Ramadan, the area of ​​the Tomb of Sunan Ampel will experience a surge in visitors because it coincides with the last ten odd nights of the month of Ramadan. This study aims to determine the form of collaborative governance in the management of the 29th night of Ramadan activities at the Tomb of Sunan Ampel Surabaya. The main problem of the study is the process of collaboration between stakeholders in the management of complex and large-scale religious activities. The method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The results of the study show that collaboration between parties in the management of Ramadan activities at the Tomb of Sunan Ampel is informal and only dominant in the Tomb of Sunan Ampel Foundation. Although there is functional cooperation, there is no written regulation to clearly regulate the division of roles. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen the structure and equal participation so that the governance of Ramadan activities can run more effectively and inclusively.

The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) has a very important role in providing religious and social guidance for Muslims in Indonesia. The history of the MUI began in 1975, with the aim of strengthening the unity of Muslims and issuing fatwas in accordance with Islamic teachings. Over time, the MUI has developed into a very influential institution in determining religious policies in Indonesia. One of the main commissions in the MUI is the Fatwa Commission, which is tasked with issuing fatwas related to current religious issues, especially in facing the challenges of the times and social problems that continue to develop. This study aims to explore the urgency of the role of the MUI Fatwa Commission in issuing fatwas that are in accordance with the needs of the Indonesian people. In addition, this study also discusses the istinbath method applied by the MUI Fatwa Commission in issuing fatwas, as well as its application to contemporary issues. This istinbath method refers to the process of deriving law from the main sources of Islam, such as the Qur'an, Hadith, Ijma', and Qiyas, taking into account the existing social context and dynamics. The results of the study show that the MUI Fatwa Commission has a very great urgency in responding to various problems of Muslims, especially those related to modern issues such as sharia economics, technology, and health issues. Through the istinbath method, the MUI has succeeded in providing fatwas that are not only based on classical texts, but are also relevant to current developments. For example, in the matter of sharia economics, the MUI has issued a fatwa that supports the sharia financial system while still paying attention to the applicable fiqh rules.

This study examines the relationship between the hadith of H.R. Tirmidzi No. 1232 concerning the prohibition of selling goods that are not yet owned with Article 4 Paragraph (1) of Law No. 21/2008 concerning the intermediary function of Islamic banking in Indonesia. With a descriptive-analytical approach with a juridical-normative method, this study reveals significant gaps in the implementation of regulations. While the hadith provides theological guidelines that require actual ownership before the contract, the fragmented regulatory framework results in inconsistent interpretations by the Sharia Supervisory Board in various institutions. Analysis of SINTA indexed journals shows that many Islamic banking products still contain elements of gharar (uncertainty), especially in murabahah contracts with installment payments. This study identifies three main issues: the limited explicit regulation in the DSN-MUI fatwa regarding hybrid contracts, structural challenges in Indonesia's decentralized regulatory approach compared to Malaysia's centralized model, and the gap between theoretical discourse and practical implementation. To strengthen the synergy between religious principles and regulatory mandates, this study recommends harmonization of the regulatory framework, implementation of intensive training for supervisory boards on the contextual background of related hadiths, and development of integrated compliance audits to assess product consistency with hadith guidance and legal requirements.    

Penelitian ini berjudul "Analisis Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga sebagai Alasan Yuridis Cerai Gugat (Studi Kasus di Pengadilan Agama Kwandang)". Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis implementasi ketentuan hukum terkait kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) sebagai dasar cerai gugat, serta mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor penyebab perceraian yang menjadi alasan yuridis di Pengadilan Agama Kwandang. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris (socio-legal research), yaitu dengan menelaah peraturan perundang-undangan dan penerapannya di masyarakat melalui studi putusan pengadilan dan wawancara dengan hakim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KDRT merupakan alasan sah untuk cerai gugat dan memiliki dasar hukum yang kuat. Ketentuan perundang-undangan secara komprehensif telah mengatur KDRT sebagai alasan gugatan cerai. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan harmonisasi regulasi antara UU Perkawinan, PP No. 9 Tahun 1975, UU PKDRT, dan KHI guna memberikan kepastian hukum yang lebih jelas. Selain itu, diperlukan layanan pendampingan psikologis dan hukum bagi korban KDRT serta prosedur khusus yang lebih cepat dan sederhana dalam menangani perkara cerai karena KDRT agar perlindungan terhadap korban menjadi lebih efektif.  

Marriage is a spiritual and physical bond between one man and one woman as husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy family based on the belief in the Almighty God. In a marriage, forming a happy family certainly requires cooperation between each party, both husband and wife. If both parties have different goals, it will trigger problems in the household. Problems in the household can influence divorce between both parties, namely husband and wife.  Divorce is a condition in the household where there is no common ground for harmony and harmony in the relationship between husband and wife so that it can be decided by the District Court for those of non-Islamic religions or the Religious Court for those of Islamic religion. Considering that Indonesia is a country of law where every action has rules, if seen from the principle of Nebis In Idem, this problem is no longer acceptable. However, in this divorce case the lawsuit was accepted by the judge and the judge decided again with a different decision. Based on this, the formulation of the problem is how to apply the Ne Bis In Idem Principle by the judge in divorce cases

Pesantren in Indonesia play a crucial role in Islamic religious education. However, amidst the advancement of the times and the challenges of globalization, pesantren are faced with the need to transform in order to remain relevant. This journal aims to analyze the transformation of pesantren education, particularly in integrating religious education and general knowledge in the modern era. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with literature studies, relying on data from books, articles, and related journals. The research results show that modern pesantren have adopted curriculum changes by integrating religious subjects and general science, including the use of technology in the learning process. In addition, the introduction of practical skills and entrepreneurship has also become an essential part of preparing students to face global challenges. This transformation not only affects the quality of education but also its impact on society, which increasingly recognizes the importance of pesantren education in producing qualified young people who are ready to compete in the global world. This journal concludes that pesantren who successfully adapt to the advancement of the times have a vital role in creating competent and competitive human resources.

The evolution of social media and its algorithms has transformed the dissemination of Pancasila as Indonesia’s national ideology. This study aims to analyze the representation of Pancasila in algorithmically curated digital discourse and its impact on public understanding. A qualitative approach, combining digital discourse analysis and netnography, was applied to examine content on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube. Findings reveal the dual role of social media algorithms: while facilitating educational content on Pancasila (e.g., religious tolerance, human rights campaigns, and nationalism), they also amplify polarizing content, hoaxes, and hate speech that contradict Pancasila values. Analysis of Pancasila’s five principles shows that conflict-driven content (e.g., ethnic-religious issues) gains higher virality due to algorithms’ prioritization of engagement metrics. The filter bubble and echo chamber phenomena exacerbate discourse fragmentation, hindering inclusive dialogue about national ideology. The study concludes that Pancasila-based digital literacy, algorithmic transparency, and multistakeholder collaboration are critical to optimizing social media’s role in strengthening national identity. Policy recommendations include integrating "social cohesion" parameters into algorithm design and regulating content to uphold diversity. 

The rights and obligations of citizens in Islam are fundamental aspects that emphasize the balance between individual responsibilities and the protection provided by the state. This study analyzes the concept of citizens' rights and obligations in Islam based on the Charter of Medina and modern constitutions. The Charter of Medina, a historical document drafted by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), provides an early depiction of citizenship principles in Islam, such as equal rights, religious freedom, and the duty to maintain national security. Meanwhile, modern constitutions, although based on secular or nationalist principles, still adopt some universal values aligned with Islamic teachings, such as social justice, human rights, and political participation. This study employs a qualitative method with a historical and normative analytical approach to compare how these two documents define citizens' rights and obligations. The findings reveal that the Charter of Medina established the foundation for an inclusive concept of citizenship that emphasizes cooperation among various societal groups. On the other hand, modern constitutions expand individual rights through more detailed legal instruments. However, challenges arise when there is an imbalance in the implementation of rights and obligations, particularly in Muslim-majority countries that apply Islamic law partially or selectively. This study employs a qualitative method with a historical and normative analytical approach to compare how these two documents define citizens' rights and obligations. The findings reveal that the Charter of Medina established the foundation for an inclusive concept of citizenship that emphasizes cooperation among various societal groups. On the other hand, modern constitutions expand individual rights through more detailed legal instruments. However, challenges arise when there is an imbalance in the implementation of rights and obligations, particularly in Muslim-majority countries that apply Islamic law partially or selectively. In conclusion, there is continuity between the principles found in the Charter of Medina and modern constitutions in guaranteeing citizens' rights and obligations. However, effective implementation requires a balance between Islamic values and democratic principles to ensure that citizens' rights are protected without neglecting their obligations to the state and society. 

Marriage is an important aspect of social and religious life, regulated by religious and state laws. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of marriages that take place without the presence of a marriage guardian, especially in the context of a prospective bride whose status is a convert. From the perspective of Law No. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and the Compilation of Islamic Law, the presence of a marriage guardian is an absolute requirement for the validity of a marriage. This research uses a normative juridical method by utilizing literature studies as legal material to examine more deeply the hierarchy of marriage guardians and the implications arising from marriage without a marriage guardian. The results of this research show that a marriage that is not attended by a legal guardian can result in the invalidity of the marriage, which will have an impact on the legal status of children and women's rights. The case of Rizky Febian and Mahalini's marriage is a concrete example that shows the importance of the presence of a marriage guardian in maintaining the validity of marriage. This research is expected to provide a good understanding of the importance of marriage guardians and the legal procedures that must be followed in marriage, especially for prospective brides who convert to Islam.

In the 2024 Tanjungpinang City Pilkada, the Rahma-Rizha pair competed with Lis-Raja in the mayoral and deputy mayoral elections. Both candidate pairs have previous mayoral experience. The campaign was conducted directly to the public and utilized digital media. This study aims to compare the political marketing process between the Rahma-Rizha and Lis-Raja candidate pairs with the 4P theory by Philip B. Neffinegger and using qualitative methods. Based on the results of the product indicator study, the Lis-Raja pair excelled in active campaign programs and approaches, while Rahma-Rizha relied on the incumbent's experience and specific religious programs. Although their strategy was less than optimal, the program was an advantage over their political opponents. The promotion indicator showed the Lis-Raja pair's superiority in campaign effectiveness through social media and community support, while the Rahma-Rizha pair was stronger in direct meetings although less optimal in digital promotion and involvement of supporting figures. The price indicator explained that the Lis-Raja pair had greater financial capacity than the Rahma-Rizha pair. Finally, the place indicator shows that the Lis-Raja pair was more effective in approaching the community by involving religious figures as an effort to strengthen the religious brand by changing their appearance as a religious figure in the public eye, while Rahma tried to improve her image and support through Rizha, who has a background in preaching, to strengthen the mass base among religious figures, but this did not achieve the expected results. Although the Lis-Raja pair has an advantage in several political marketing indicators, such as a more active campaign program and effective use of social media, the Rahma-Rizha pair still has the potential to gain support, especially among voters who prioritize experience and personal strength in leadership.

This study explores the political communication strategies of Islamic parties in facing elections during the digital era in Indonesia. Using a qualitative normative approach, the research focuses on literature analysis, regulatory review, and interpretation of relevant legal documents. Findings show that Islamic parties actively utilize social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, along with official websites and digital applications to deliver political messages. Their communication strategies integrate religious messages with social, economic, and national issues, adopting a moderate and inclusive narrative to attract young, digitally active voters.Collaboration with influencers, religious leaders, and online communities also plays a significant role in expanding their outreach. However, challenges remain, including unequal technology access in rural areas, low digital literacy among certain groups, and the threat of disinformation that could damage political reputations. Additionally, digital campaign regulations in Indonesia are still inadequate.The study concludes that the success of Islamic political communication in the digital era depends on the ability to manage digital identity, engage with online communities, and respond adaptively to emerging issues. It recommends strengthening party cadres’ digital capacities, improving public digital literacy, and enhancing regulatory frameworks to support a more inclusive and democratic political participation.

One of the human rights protected by several national and international legal instruments is freedom of opinion. In a democratic country like Indonesia, it is protected under Article 28e Paragraph (2) and (3) of the 1945 Constitution and Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. However, in Islam, freedom of opinion is not absolute, meaning that it has a basis based on Sharia principles to uphold the common good. This study uses a qualitative literary analysis method in conjunction with a descriptive-analytical approach with relevant aspects of Islamic law and national regulations. According to the results of the study, Islam encourages behavior that is consistent with the law and does not conflict with Sharia principles, such as not requiring slander, hoaxes, or division. As stated in positive legal regulations, the state also has an obligation to maintain harmony between individual rights and public welfare. Therefore, it is necessary to align Sharia law and the right to freedom of opinion to create a democratic society that still respects religious norms.

This article discusses citizenship status in Islamic law, focusing on case studies of Muslim minorities in non-Islamic countries, while considering the dynamics of national law and human rights. The research highlights that in Islamic law, citizenship is often associated with membership in the ummah, although modern Muslim states have adopted contemporary citizenship systems. Developments in Indonesian citizenship policies in the last five years, particularly concerning migration and the rights of foreign nationals married to Indonesian citizens, are also analyzed. However, the implementation of these policies faces challenges due to inconsistencies between national law and Islamic principles related to religious identity. The perspective of Islamic law emphasizes the safeguarding essential rights and human worth, in addition to fairness in the treatment of all individuals. The integration of muslim communities residing in western nations poses challenges in distinguishing the majority from extremist minorities. Additionally, equality, the liberty to make individual choices, and partnership are seen as key elements in shaping the societal lives of muslims across western regions. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction between national laws and Islamic principles is needed to guarantee the safeguarding of the rights of muslim minorities worldwide.

Nasab is a fundamental concept in Islam that determines a child's relationship with the father, which then affects guardianship rights, inheritance, and family relationships. The preservation of lineage is one of the main objectives of Maqāṣid sharia because it has significant legal, social, and moral implications. Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 recognizes the civil relationship between an extramarital child and his biological father if it can be proven by technology or other valid evidence. This decision is in accordance with the concept of nasab in Islam but is not recorded by the state. This study examines the concept of nasab and civil status of out-of-wedlock children in Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 from the Maṣlaḥah perspective. Using a juridical-normative approach and descriptive analysis, this research is based on sources, including court decisions and legislation, as well as secondary literature discussing Maṣlaḥah. The results show that the decision is in line with the concept of Maṣlaḥah in Islam. The suitability of the Constitutional Court's decision with the concept of maslahah is based on the status of the applicant's marriage as religiously valid. Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 is not appropriate when used as jurisprudence for children born outside a legal marriage or can be called adulterous children.

This study aims to explore how cooperative learning strategies contribute to the enhancement of students’ religious character within the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Using a literature review approach, this research collects and analyzes various scholarly sources concerning cooperative learning models, religious character values, and the teacher’s role in shaping students' personalities based on Islamic principles. The findings indicate that cooperative learning strategies not only engage students cognitively but also create a learning environment that fosters the internalization of religious values such as honesty, responsibility, discipline, empathy, and tolerance. The teacher's role as a facilitator is crucial in guiding group dynamics to be infused with moral and spiritual values. Thus, this strategy proves to be both relevant and effective in supporting a holistic approach to religious character education.

Indonesia, with its vast social, cultural, and religious diversity, faces significant challenges in managing religious pluralism in the modern era. This article explores the complexities of religious pluralism in Indonesia through both social and religious perspectives. The study employs a qualitative approach using library research methods, examining various literatures encompassing pluralism theory, social theory, and contemporary phenomena related to religious pluralism in Indonesia. The analysis reveals that religious pluralism in Indonesia involves not only religious diversity but also socio-political dynamics and the growing influence of globalization, which increasingly shapes interfaith relations. Key issues include interreligious tensions often triggered by political and economic factors, as well as conflicts stemming from differing interpretations of religious teachings. This article also highlights the vital role of religion in shaping Indonesia’s social and cultural identity, along with the ongoing challenges in fostering tolerance and harmony among religious communities. Thus, the study provides insights into how religious pluralism in Indonesia can be wisely managed, considering the existing social complexities and challenges, while also offering a fresh perspective on understanding the dynamics of religious pluralism in an increasingly pluralistic Indonesian context.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country rich in ethnic, cultural, religious, and belief diversity. The Indonesian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and belief, yet adherents of traditional beliefs often face discrimination, particularly in marriage registration. This study aims to evaluate and reconstruct the marriage registration system for adherents of traditional beliefs based on Pancasila's social justice principles. The study employs various theories, including the theory of equal freedom of belief, affirmative action, the legal duty to collect what is scattered, and the principle of iustitia socialis. The findings indicate that the integration of marriage registration institutions, simplification of the registration process, training for registration officers, revision of inclusive regulations, and increased public awareness are crucial to overcoming discrimination and ensuring social justice. The implementation of this reconstruction is expected to provide legal certainty and protection of the rights of traditional belief adherents, reflect Pancasila values, and create a more just and inclusive society.

This study aims to explore the strategy of literacy-based learning in Islamic Religious Education (IRE) to enhance students' understanding of Islam. Through a literature review approach, this research analyzes various sources related to the implementation of literacy in IRE teaching and its impact on students' comprehension of Islamic teachings. The findings indicate that literacy-based learning enhances students' critical skills in understanding religious texts and enriches their understanding of Islam in a practical context. Moreover, this strategy plays a key role in character building, fostering moral values, raising social awareness, and improving communication skills. The teacher's role as a facilitator guiding students in developing religious literacy skills is also crucial for the success of this approach. This study aims to contribute to the development of a more relevant and effective IRE teaching model in the digital era.