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This Community Service activity (PKM) was carried out at the Church of Faith, Hope, and Love (IHAKA) with the aim of empowering lay members who do not have a formal theological background but have a desire to serve as Cell Group (KOMSEL) leaders. The method used is a participatory approach based on training and contextual reflection, consisting of three stages: interactive workshops, service reflection, and mentoring. The training is designed to equip participants with basic understanding of spiritual leadership, the ability to communicate the Word, as well as patterns of household worship relevant to the congregation's context. The results of the activity showed an increase in participants' confidence in leading worship, the ability to actively discuss the Word, and the formation of closer service relationships through prayer and shared meals. Post-training mentorship also strengthens participants' commitment to serving with faithfulness and humility. This activity demonstrates that service is not merely a routine activity, but a calling in life that can be carried out by lay congregants through simple yet impactful guidance. This PKM is expected to serve as an initial model for other local churches in nurturing lay ministers in a contextual and sustainable manner.

Damage to rotable axle components on CAT KT4 Loaders in the mining industry is often the main cause of operational downtime. This study aims to analyze the frequency of damage to axle components and evaluate the effectiveness of preventive maintenance to reduce downtime duration and repair costs. Damage data collected from January to August 2024 were quantitatively analyzed to identify the most frequent damage patterns, especially seal leaks and brake modules. The results show that the implementation of preventive maintenance, such as regular seal replacement and hydraulic pressure checking, can significantly reduce the frequency of breakdowns and improve operational efficiency. The research also provides recommendations on maintenance strategies that can be implemented to extend component life and reduce overall downtime.

This study highlights the importance of understanding the cultural, religious, and social diversity present in every student. Multicultural counseling is viewed as an approach that helps counselors grasp the dynamics of student interactions and identify potential discriminatory behaviors. The discussion covers common forms of discrimination in schools, including stereotypes, identity-based bullying, and social exclusion. The study also emphasizes the strategic role of counselors in providing interventions through individual counseling, group counseling, and preventive programs focused on strengthening empathy and tolerance. The implementation of multicultural counseling programs is presented as a concrete effort to build an inclusive school climate. The findings show that this approach is effective in reducing conflict, increasing cross-cultural awareness, and fostering healthier social relationships among students. This research also highlights the importance of the school counselor's role in creating a safe and inclusive environment. Counselors can conduct needs assessments to identify patterns of discrimination and provide appropriate interventions. In addition, collaboration with teachers, parents, and the school is also needed to create effective prevention programs. This program is expected to have a positive impact on students and create a school culture that is more just and respects differences

This study aims to: 1) identify and analyze the degree of fiscal decentralization and the level of financial independence of regencies and cities in North Sumatra Province during the period 2015–2024; and 2) analyze the variation in regional revenue realization based on its components, as well as the variation in regional financial capacity across regencies/cities during the same period. The methods used in this research include the Fiscal Decentralization Degree Ratio (DDF), the Regional Financial Independence Ratio (RKKD), and a Two-Way ANOVA test, supported by SPSS 20 software. The findings show that the degree of fiscal decentralization remains relatively low from year to year, indicating a strong dependence on central government transfers. Similarly, the regional financial independence ratio is also categorized as low, with an instructive pattern of relationship, meaning that regional governments still have limited ability to finance development needs independently. The Two-Way ANOVA test results reveal significant differences in regional revenue realization both across regencies/cities and across years within the study period. The largest variations are attributed to the differing characteristics of each regency/city, including economic potential, effectiveness in managing locally generated revenue, and variations in regional fiscal structures. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing fiscal capacity and optimizing local revenue sources throughout North Sumatra.

Accurate wind turbine power curve modeling plays a crucial role in performance evaluation, energy yield estimation, and data-driven control strategies. However, actual power curves often exhibit non-linear behavior influenced by atmospheric variability, measurement noise, and SCADA anomalies, making conventional modeling approaches less effective. This study proposes an optimized logistic power curve model whose parameters are tuned using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to improve predictive accuracy. The analysis uses the Wind Turbine SCADA Dataset from Kaggle, which undergoes extensive preprocessing including physical rule filtering, outlier detection with the Interquartile Range (IQR) method, anomaly removal, and smoothing of the power signal. A three-parameter logistic model is selected due to its ability to capture the typical S-shaped relationship between wind speed and power output. PSO is applied to identify optimal model parameters by minimizing the Mean Squared Error (MSE), utilizing 40 particles over 200 iterations. The optimized model achieves strong predictive performance with RMSE of 404.09, MAE of 179.96, and R² of 0.904 on the test set, indicating that more than 90% of the variability in actual power can be explained by wind speed. Residual analysis reveals heteroscedastic patterns and slight overestimation in mid-range wind speeds, yet overall model consistency remains high. Comparative evaluation against Linear Regression, Random Forest, and logistic modeling using curve_fit shows that the Logistic–PSO approach provides the most accurate and stable predictions. These findings demonstrate that combining logistic modeling with PSO offers an effective and robust method for data-driven wind turbine power curve optimization.

This study explores the role of English in supporting the academic and professional development of management students, based on the lecturer’s reflections as both lecturer and researcher. As English becomes increasingly important in global education and employment, many students are required to read academic materials, complete assignments, and communicate using English. This study focuses on how English for Specific Purposes (ESP), especially Business English, helps students build discipline-related skills and prepare for real workplace communication. Using an autoethnographic approach, the researcher collected data from self-interviews, reflective teaching journals, and informal student feedback over one semester. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in the lecturer’s experiences and observations. The findings show that English supports students’ academic growth by helping them understand textbooks, research articles, and business case studies. Students gained confidence in reading and presenting academic information after completing guided tasks. The results also indicate that ESP based on activities such as email writing, meeting simulations, and presentations strengthened students’ employability skills. These tasks helped students feel more prepared for internships and early career responsibilities. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of reflective teaching. By analyzing classroom challenges and student needs, the lecturer was able to improve teaching strategies, select more authentic materials, and provide better support for learners. This research shows that integrating ESP with employability goals can create meaningful learning experiences for management students. When English teaching is connected to real professional contexts, students develop both language proficiency and practical communication skills. The study also encourages lecturers to use reflection as a tool to enhance teaching quality and better support students’ academic and career preparation.

This research is motivated by the relationship between parenting styles and children's creative thinking abilities, especially in TPA Miftahul Jannah. The purpose of this study is to identify the parenting styles of children's parents with children's creative thinking abilities in TPA. This study uses quantitative methods with correlational design. Data were collected through observation, interview, data collection and documentation techniques, while teachers act as the main participants in this study. The results of the study indicate that parenting styles greatly influence children's creative thinking abilities. Parenting styles are a pattern or way parents educate, guide, and interact with children, which includes how they set rules, provide affection, and control children's behavior. In addition, teachers and caregivers at TPA also have an important role as parents of both children when they are in childcare. Teachers and caregivers at TPA Miftahul Jannah play an active role in caring for and educating children from toddler age to childhood. Parenting styles can improve children's creative thinking abilities. Through this approach, children can think creatively and imaginatively.

Childhood obesity has become an increasingly significant health and education problem in various countries, including Indonesia, influenced by unhealthy eating patterns, lifestyle changes, and low nutritional literacy within families. This article aims to examine the lack of balanced nutrition in obese early childhood from the perspective of family education as part of non-formal education. The research method used is a literature review by reviewing national and international literature related to nutrition, child growth and development, and the increasing trend of obesity. The results show that obesity has physical, cognitive, psychological, and social impacts that can hinder a child's holistic development. Parents play a crucial role in establishing healthy eating habits, monitoring food consumption, and fostering an active lifestyle. Improving nutritional literacy within families, synergizing with early childhood education institutions, and supporting public health policies are considered crucial to preventing the long-term risk of obesity. Therefore, family education about balanced nutrition is a crucial strategy in supporting optimal growth and development and creating a healthy and competitive generation of early childhood children.

Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) are the oldest Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, playing a significant role in shaping the moral, spiritual, and intellectual character of society. Alongside the growing integration of formal education, pesantren are required to develop more modern and adaptive leadership models without abandoning their traditional values. This study aims to design a pesantren leadership structure that integrates transformational, distributive, and instructional leadership principles rooted in local culture. The analysis conducted at Pondok Pesantren Al-Mukhlisin in Deli Serdang Regency indicates that leadership patterns remain centered on the kiai figure, resulting in suboptimal coordination and delegation of authority. Transformational leadership is needed to foster inspiration and motivation; distributive leadership to strengthen collaboration and participation; and instructional leadership to ensure instructional quality and teachers’ professional development. The integration of these three leadership models is believed to create a pesantren leadership system that is visionary, participatory, and quality-oriented, while remaining aligned with local cultural values such as gotong royong, musyawarah, and familial solidarity. Thus, pesantren can evolve into innovative, adaptive, and sustainable Islamic educational institutions in the modern era.

Guidance and Counseling services have a strategic role in supporting students’ holistic development, including academic, social, emotional, and moral aspects. However, in practical implementation, counseling services in schools still show a gap between theoretical ideal concepts and real field practices. This study aims to analyze the role of school counselors in the implementation of Guidance and Counseling services at MTs Ibnu Sina Karawang, focusing on the counselor’s role, teacher-student interaction patterns, supporting factors, and challenges faced during implementation. This research employed a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews with the school principal, teachers, and selected students. The findings show that the counselor plays multiple roles, namely as a disciplinary guide, personal counselor, moral educator, and facilitator of religious character strengthening. The interaction between counselors and students is carried out through humanistic, empathetic and communicative approaches. Supporting factors include strong collaboration among teachers, principals, homeroom teachers, and religious-based school activities. Meanwhile, several obstacles are found such as limited number of counselors, lack of students’ comprehensive understanding about BK functions, limited time allocation, and negative stigma that counseling services are only for problematic students. This research emphasizes the need for strengthening counseling literacy and transforming services into more preventive, developmental, collaborative, and continuously progressive student-oriented programs.

This article examines the implications of parental verbal violence on the socio-emotional development of early childhood aged 3–6 years. The study was conducted through an extensive literature review supported by general field observations in community settings. The purpose of this research is to describe the phenomenon of verbal violence experienced by young children, analyze its effects on their emotional security, self-confidence, and social adaptation, and identify contributing factors from both the family environment and parental characteristics. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, relevant books, journal articles, and institutional reports were synthesized to construct a comprehensive understanding of how negative communication patterns shape children’s socio-emotional development. The findings indicate that verbal violence such as yelling, scolding, insulting, labeling, and threatening can disrupt children’s emotional regulation, lower their self-esteem, and hinder their ability to interact positively with peers. Repeated exposure to harsh language also increases the risk of anxiety, aggression, and social withdrawal. Conversely, positive, supportive, and empathetic parental communication fosters emotional resilience, empathy, and healthy social behavior. This article highlights the urgent need for parents, educators, and communities to strengthen awareness regarding the harmful impact of verbal violence and to promote nurturing communication practices that support the holistic development of young children.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parental roles on fulfilling the nutritional needs of children aged 3–4 years at the Asmaul Husna Daycare (TPA) in Gorontalo. The study used a quantitative design with a cross-sectional approach and involved 60 parents as respondents. The role of parents was measured through their active involvement as educators, motivators, and facilitators in fulfilling children's nutritional needs. The results showed that 80% of children whose parents played an active role had good nutritional status based on normal weight for age and height for age indicators. Conversely, in the group of less active parents, only 36% of children achieved good nutritional status. The Chi-square test showed a significant relationship between parental roles and children's nutritional status (p < 0.05). The table data shows a clear disparity, with 32 well-nourished children coming from the active role group, while 14 children with poor nutritional status came from the passive role group. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring dietary patterns, providing nutritious supplies, and collaboration between parents and the TPA in reducing the risk of malnutrition and stunting. Furthermore, parental involvement contributes to improved immunity, cognitive development, and the formation of long-term healthy eating habits. This study recommends holding nutrition workshops for parents as part of a sustainable TPA program.

This study aims to analyze the influence of parental communication skills on the self-confidence of kindergarten children using a quantitative approach. The background of this research is rooted in the essential role of effective parental communication in shaping the psychosocial development of children, particularly in fostering self-confidence, which is crucial for children's social and academic success. The research sample consisted of parents and kindergarten children selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires designed to measure parental communication patterns and children's levels of self-confidence. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, including simple linear regression to examine the relationship and effect of parental communication skills on children's self-confidence. The results reveal that positive, supportive communication skills characterized by democratic communication patterns have a significant positive effect on increasing children's self-confidence. Effective and empathetic communication creates a conducive environment for children to express themselves, boosting their self-esteem and social-emotional potential. The study concludes that enhancing parental communication skills is a vital strategy for family guidance and early childhood education to optimally support the development of children's self-confidence.

This study aims to analyze in depth the role of drumband extracurricular activities in developing motor and cognitive abilities of early childhood at Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 50 Kindergarten, Surabaya. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and the distribution of questionnaires involving teachers, parents, and students as research subjects. The results show that drumband activities provide a positive contribution to the development of gross and fine motor skills of children, especially through rhythmic movement exercises, hand-eye coordination, and body control when playing musical instruments. In addition to motor aspects, drumband activities also play a role in improving children's cognitive abilities, such as concentration, memory, the ability to follow instructions, and understanding musical patterns and rhythms. Children's active participation in drumband activities also helps shape discipline, the ability to work together in groups, and increases children's self-confidence. Thus, drumband extracurricular activities can be used as an effective and enjoyable learning medium to support the motor and cognitive development of early childhood holistically and sustainably.  

The integration of language and culture plays a crucial role in shaping the complexity of human cognitive processes. Language acts not only as a means of conveying messages but also as a conceptual system that influences how individuals construct mental representations, process information, and reason. Culture, on the other hand, provides a set of values, norms, and thought patterns that shape attention, interpretation of experiences, and strategies for understanding the social world. A review of literature from the fields of linguistic relativity, cultural psychology, neurolinguistics, and cross-cultural cognition found that differences in language structure, bilingual experience, and cultural value orientations result in variations in perception, memory, and executive function. Neurocognitive findings indicate that the influence of language and culture is evident down to the level of brain activation. Furthermore, the sociocultural approach emphasizes the role of language as a mediating tool in the process of internalizing values ​​and developing higher-order cognitive abilities. Thus, human cognition is the result of a dynamic interaction between language, culture, and social experience.

This study aims to analyze the representation of hegemony in the film Kupu-Kupu Kertas using Antonio Gramsci’s hegemony theory and a literary sociology approach. As a medium of mass communication, film not only conveys stories but also produces and reproduces cultural values, ideologies, and power structures that operate subtly within society. Set against the historical backdrop of 1965, the film portrays ideological clashes between NU/Ansor and the PKI, which affect not only political spheres but also everyday culture, social relations, and moral dynamics that shape the collective consciousness of Javanese society. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through content analysis of the film using an observation–note technique to identify scenes, dialogues, and visual symbols related to culture, hegemony, and ideology. The analysis focuses on revealing how dominant values are constructed and negotiated through the representation of characters, narratives, and social traditions portrayed in the film. In conclusion, Kupu-Kupu Kertas not only documents the political tragedy of 1965 but also demonstrates that hegemony operates through subtle mechanisms embedded in culture, morality, and patterns of thought. This study affirms the relevance of Gramsci’s theory in examining literary works and films as social texts that practice power while also opening space for understanding individual resistance to ideological domination.

Pneumonia is a lung infection that causes the air sacs to fill with fluid or pus. This disease can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, with varying degrees of severity depending on the cause and condition of the sufferer. Symptoms include cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Data obtained from the Batam City Health Office of pneumonia in 2023, there were 1,509 cases of pneumonia, the most cases were found in Batam City (1,182 cases), while the fewest cases were recorded in Lingga Regency (5 cases). This Professional Scientific Paper aims to provide medical-surgical nursing care with the application of chest physiotherapy to Ms. N to reduce the amount of sputum for pneumonia sufferers in the inpatient room at Harapan Bunda Hospital, Batam City in 2025. The method used in this Professional Scientific Paper is a case study conducted based on the stages of nursing care including assessment, data analysis, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and nursing evaluation. The results showed a decrease in sputum production on the third day, a decrease in fever, and an improvement in sleep patterns. Patients are expected to understand that chest physiotherapy can reduce sputum production.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has encouraged the widespread use of chatbots on social media platforms, transforming patterns of digital communication and interaction. This study aims to examine the role of chatbots in shaping social interaction, fandom dynamics, and users’ digital identities within contemporary online culture. The research employs a literature review approach using grounded theory as an analytical framework to identify patterns, themes, and emerging concepts from relevant academic publications published between 2021 and 2025. Articles were collected through academic databases and systematically selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings indicate that chatbots have shifted from being purely functional technological tools to becoming cultural actors that influence emotional engagement, community formation, and identity expression in digital spaces. Chatbots contribute to creating perceived emotional closeness, strengthening fandom interactions, and facilitating self-expression, particularly within popular culture and creative industries. However, the study also highlights several challenges, including emotional dependency, algorithm-driven homogenization of preferences, gender bias, and aggressive behavior in human–machine interactions. Cultural context plays a significant role in shaping user acceptance and interpretation of chatbots. These findings imply that chatbot development and implementation should consider not only technical efficiency but also social, psychological, and ethical dimensions to ensure responsible and inclusive digital interaction.

The flash floods and landslides that occurred in Central Aceh and Bener Meriah Regencies demonstrate that disaster issues are not only related to natural factors but are also influenced by community social communication patterns. This study aims to analyze disaster communication based on local wisdom to improve preparedness, emergency response, and recovery of disaster-affected communities. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews with traditional leaders, religious leaders, village officials, and affected communities, as well as field observations and documentation studies. The results indicate that the local wisdom of the Gayo community, such as the role of the village reje, mosque imam, customary deliberations, and the value of maintaining natural balance, serves as an effective and trusted disaster communication medium. However, this local wisdom has not been optimally integrated into the formal disaster communication system of the local government. This study recommends strengthening the synergy between modern communication and local wisdom as a sustainable and contextual disaster communication strategy.

This study examines how Christian marriage is represented in the modern era through theological, symbolic, and contextual perspectives. Although Christian marriage is traditionally understood as a sacred covenant emphasizing unity, fidelity, and permanence, contemporary social realities reveal shifts in how Christians interpret and express marital life. Economic pressures, evolving family roles, digital communication patterns, and cultural influences shape the modern experience of marriage. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through literature-based research, this study analyzes the theological foundations, ritual symbols, and contextual factors that influence changes in the representation of Christian marriage today. The findings indicate that while the core theological essence of Christian marriage remains, its practical expressions undergo adaptation to remain relevant within modern life. Symbols such as wedding rings, marital vows, and liturgical blessings continue to convey theological meaning, while premarital education and pastoral support play a crucial role in strengthening marital stability. The study highlights the need for a contextual and integrative ecclesial approach that responds to the realities faced by Christian couples in contemporary society.