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The design of banknotes is not merely an aesthetic element but also holds symbolic meanings that reflect a nation's identity, history, and cultural diversity. This study analyzes the design of the 2022 Rupiah banknotes using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic approach, which consists of icons, indexes, and symbols, through a qualitative descriptive method. The findings indicate that the visual elements in these banknotes function not only as a medium of exchange but also as a visual communication tool that strengthens nationalism and cultural awareness. National heroes, traditional dances, indigenous flora, and natural landscapes featured on each denomination carry both explicit and implicit meanings that represent Indonesia's historical and cultural values. Furthermore, the design differences between the 2016 and 2022 emissions, such as the use of more vivid colors, varied sizes, and enhanced security features, highlight the government's visual communication strategy to maintain authenticity and facilitate Rupiah identification. This study provides insights into how banknote design serves as an educational medium and a unifying tool for the nation through meaningful visual symbols.

This article examines the representation of Islamic culture through historical collections at the Sri Baduga Maharaja Museum in Bandung. It aims to analyze how artifacts such as momolo, Islamic glass paintings, and manuscripts like Serat Yusuf, Babad Banten, and Babad Cirebon reflect the process of Islamization and cultural acculturation in the Sundanese region from the 16th to early 20th century. This study employs historical methods with a qualitative approach, supported by interviews, direct observation, and literature review. The findings reveal that these collections not only hold historical value but also symbolic and educational significance, illustrating how Islamic values were integrated into local cultural frameworks in a peaceful and organic manner. Nevertheless, the curatorial interpretation of Islamic collections still requires improvement to better convey historical narratives and Islamic meanings in a contextual way to visitors.  

This study aims to determine what types of traditional accessories are worn by Batak Toba brides and grooms during weddings and pre-weddings and to determine the aesthetic value and symbolic meaning of each accessory. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The techniques used in data collection are library studies, observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is carried out by data tabulation, data triangulation, and data interpretation, as well as drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the study, the traditional accessories worn by Batak Toba brides have various types, and the form or style of use depends on the region. Each traditional accessory has an aesthetic value that can be seen from its physical form that can be sensed, such as its unique and attractive shape, color and shape. Each traditional Batak Toba accessory also contains a symbolic meaning that symbolizes prayer, and the hopes of the family and bride in starting a new life.

This article explores the meaning of millennials in Revelation 20:1–6 through the lens of amillennialism within the framework of Reformed theology. The millennium—the thousand-year period of Christ's reign—is a central issue in Christian eschatological discussions, giving rise to three main views: premillennialism, postmillennialism, and amillennialism. Using historical-theological hermeneutics as well as the study of literature, this paper examines the symbolic meaning of the book of Revelation and how it has been interpreted throughout the history of the church. The amillennial approach interprets that Christ has reigned spiritually since His resurrection through His presence in the church, and that the millennium is not a literal period in the future, but rather describes the present era of the church. This understanding rejects the view of a literal thousand-year kingdom and focuses on Christ's ongoing work on the world. Therefore, the proper interpretation of millennials influences.

This study examines the use of language registers in the kretek cigarette home industry environment in Sampang Village, Cilacap Regency. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with the method of communication ethnography, this study aims to describe the form, meaning, and socio-cultural function of the typical terms used by workers in cigarette production activities. Data were obtained through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of linguistic artifacts. The results of the study indicate the existence of a typical vocabulary that reflects social identity, efficiency of work communication, and preservation of local culture. Terms such as klobot, mbako srinthil, tingwek, and ngeses are symbols of the social and cultural structure of the work community. This register not only has a literal meaning but also symbolic and contextual, and functions as an expressive, evaluative, and cultural preservation tool. These findings are relevant in the development of language variation teaching materials and strengthening the profile of students with cultural diversity characteristics.

This article explores the contextualisation of Christianity within Chinese culture by examining how Christian worship can embrace local wisdom and cultural values. Contextualisation plays a crucial role in ensuring that the expression of Christian faith remains both theologically sound and cul-turally resonant. In the Chinese context, where ancestral reverence, symbolic traditions, and fami-ly-centered values are deeply embedded, a sensitive and thoughtful approach is required. The study employs a qualitative method through a literature review of theological writings, historical records, and cultural analyses to investigate how Christian theology can engage meaningfully with Chinese traditions. The findings reveal that certain cultural elements—such as ancestor honour, which is central to filial piety; the colour red, symbolising prosperity and joy; and the collectivist view of family—can be reinterpreted within a Christian framework. Ancestor honour, for instance, can be seen not as idol worship but as a celebration of faith heritage and family lineage. The use of tradi-tional music, symbols, and festivals such as Chinese New Year in church services demonstrates that cultural integration is possible without compromising the gospel's core message.Moreover, the emphasis on harmony and extended family in Chinese society parallels the Christian concept of koinonia, or spiritual fellowship. By embracing these cultural values, churches in China can present the Christian faith in ways that are both biblically faithful and culturally meaningful. This research underscores the importance of contextual theology in nurturing indigenous expressions of Chris-tianity that honor both Christ and culture.

This study aims to reveal how symbolic interaction between principals and teachers is interpreted as a social strategy in improving the employability of vocational high school students, especially in the Mechanical Engineering Expertise Competence. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research population was conducted at the Center of Excellence Vocational High Schools in Pasuruan Regency/City, while the sample was 4 vocational high schools that have mechanical engineering expertise competencies. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation studies. The results of the study indicate that the symbolic interaction that occurs is not only verbal communication, but also reflects shared values, expectations, and visions in preparing graduates who are adaptive to the world of work. The principal builds meaning through symbols of consistent leadership actions, such as involving teachers in strategic decision-making and instilling an industrial work culture. Teachers, on the other hand, respond to these symbols with more contextual and work-oriented learning practices. This interaction forms a productive school habitus that is the basis for improving student employability

This study aims to examine the role of baju bodo as a symbol of the cultural identity of the Bugis-Makassar community and its preservation efforts in the modern era. Baju bodo is one of the oldest traditional clothes in Indonesia that has high historical, symbolic, and philosophical value. The study used a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and literature studies. The results of the study indicate that baju bodo not only functions as a body cover, but also represents social status, local aesthetic values, and cultural wisdom that is passed down from generation to generation. The transformation of the design, color, and material of baju bodo is an adaptive strategy to remain relevant amidst the development of the times without eliminating its traditional meaning. This innovation allows baju bodo to be used in modern contexts such as formal events, education, and fashion shows. This study emphasizes the importance of collaboration between cultural communities, government, and local designers to maintain the sustainability of cultural heritage. Thus, baju bodo remains a symbol of the Bugis-Makassar cultural identity that is alive, developing, and proud in the modern era

This study aims to examine the existence of the title "Andi" in the context of social stratification of Bugis society and its relevance in the modern era. The title Andi is a symbol of nobility that has been passed down from generation to generation and has an important role in the traditional social structure of the Bugis. Through a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study explores the symbolic meaning of the title, its influence on social interactions, perceptions of it in contemporary marriage practices, differences in views between generations, and strategies for preserving it amidst the current of modernization. The results of the study show that although traditional values are beginning to shift, the title Andi still has a strong social and cultural meaning for most Bugis people. The older generation tends to maintain the values of honor and status attached to the title, while the younger generation shows a more flexible tendency in interpreting the symbol. This study recommends preservation efforts based on cultural education, integration of local values in education, and strengthening identity through digital media. These findings show that the title Andi is not merely a symbolic identity, but also an important part of cultural heritage that can transform over time without losing its essence.    

Digital transformation has reconstructed the marketing landscape, presenting TikTok as a narrative and affective space in shaping consumption decisions. This study investigates the interaction between Storytelling Marketing (STM), Electronic Word of Mouth (e-WOM), and Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) in mediating One Piece comic purchase intention. With a PLS-SEM approach to 385 respondents, it was found that STM and e-WOM not only have a direct impact on purchasing decisions, but also form a psychological resonance in the form of FOMO which strengthens consumptive urges. TikTok in this case is not just a medium, but an affective field where perceptions, emotions, and social impulses intertwine, blurring the line between narrative and economic decisions. This finding confirms the role of content strategy as a construction of meaning that activates symbolic ownership through collective emotional urgency.

This study aims to design a contextual and educational pastoral model, assess its level of acceptance, and analyze the positive impact it brings both to the elderly as the service recipients and to students as pastoral partners in the life of the Church. The background of this research lies in the need for a more personal, participatory pastoral approach that touches the emotional and spiritual dimensions of elderly individuals living in Catholic nursing homes. Elderly people often experience loneliness, isolation, and a decline in life motivation. Meanwhile, Catholic students need tangible opportunities to live out their faith values through real actions. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D), comprising stages such as preliminary study, model design, expert validation, limited trials, and evaluation. The model developed consists of a contextual Liturgy of the Word involving students as Scripture readers, prayer leaders, musicians, and givers of symbolic gifts of love, such as rosaries, to the elderly. The results of the study show that the model was enthusiastically received by the elderly, who expressed joy, active participation in the service, and showed behavioral changes such as praying independently at night and increased social interaction. On the other hand, students experienced growth in faith, empathy, and a deeper awareness of the meaning of service. Therefore, this model is considered appropriate for implementation as part of pastoral care for the elderly and integrated faith formation for the younger generation within the broader context of the Church.

This study analyzes the symbolic meaning in the lyrics of the song "Halu" by Feby Putri using Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic approach. The purpose of the study is to reveal the relationship between the signifier and the signified in the song lyrics to understand the emotional and cultural messages contained therein. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with a focus on linguistic signs in the lyric text. The results of the study show that the song "Halu" utilizes metaphors (such as "candu" and "bayang-bayang") to represent one-sided love, illusion, and emotional alienation. The lyrics of the song are not only a personal expression of the creator, but also reflect the collective experience of the younger generation in interpreting unrealized relationships. This study concludes that popular music, through its semiotic structure, functions as a complex medium of cultural communication. Suggestions for further research include exploring the interaction of musical elements with lyrics and the application of other semiotic theories to enrich the analysis. These findings also emphasize the importance of media literacy in understanding music not only as entertainment, but also as a cultural product that is full of meaning.

Chairil Anwar's poem "My Home" reflects the inner struggle and search for identity in a life full of uncertainty. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to explore the meaning of the symbols contained in the poem. Symbols such as "home," "tent," "twilight," and "clear glass" are depictions of feelings of alienation, confusion of direction, and a desire for peace that is not physical, but spiritual. The results of the study show that this poem is not only an aesthetic expression, but also a medium for understanding the dynamics of the human mind in facing reality. Chairil Anwar positions poetry as a space for self-protection and a place to search for the meaning of life. The implications of this study strengthen the understanding that literature, especially poetry, has an important function as a means of reflection and existential expression in facing the complexities of life.    

The Paradigma Sinektika learning model is a recommendation for educators to overcome the problems of learning to write literary genre texts, especially fantasy story texts with six innovative learning syntaxes. The Paradigma Sinektika Model is a development model that adopts the Suchman model and the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This study aims to contextually develop an innovative learning model and propose a form of implementation of the Paradigma Sinektika model in learning to write fantasy story texts. This study uses library research methods (library research). Sources of literature in research are classified into primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques in this library research with documentation techniques. The data collection instrument was in verbal symbolic form, meaning that researchers collected texts for analysis using notes or recording devices. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman data analysis method. The results showed that the development of the Paradigma Sinektika learning model included a syntactic component consisting of six syntaxes, reaction systems, social systems, support systems, accompaniment effects and instructional impacts.

This study analyzes the use of symbols in the animated film Wall-E, directed by Andrew Stanton, which conveys environmental and social issues through a semiotic lens. The research applies a descriptive qualitative method, focusing on the interpretation of signs and meanings embedded within the film’s visual elements and narrative structure. The aim is to explore how symbolic representations contribute to the film’s critique of human behavior and modern lifestyles. The findings identify several key symbols used throughout the film. The barren, deserted Earth serves as a metaphor for environmental destruction caused by human greed and overconsumption. Wall-E, the main character, symbolizes resilience and hope amidst ecological collapse. A small green plant becomes a central symbol of renewal and the possibility of life returning to Earth. The spaceship Axiom represents a society dominated by extreme consumerism, where humans have become passive, dependent, and physically detached from nature. Additionally, the depiction of human interactions—or the lack thereof—illustrates the theme of social alienation driven by overreliance on technology. These symbols collectively function as a powerful critique of unsustainable living patterns, warning audiences of the consequences of neglecting environmental responsibility. Furthermore, the film emphasizes the need for balance between technological advancement and ecological awareness. In conclusion, this research highlights the effectiveness of animated films like Wall-E in delivering social and environmental messages. It suggests that cinema can be a potent medium for raising awareness, fostering critical thinking, and educating audiences about the importance of sustainability and human connection in the face of modern challenges.

Tradisi Sedekah Bumi in Dusun Krajan, Tunahan Village, is a cultural practice rich in symbolic and spiritual meanings. This study aims to uncover the symbolic meanings of offerings in this tradition and examine their relevance to the concept of pattidāna in Theravāda Buddhism. The research employs a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, using participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation for data collection. The findings show that offerings carry complex symbolic meanings as a form of spiritual communication with ancestors and unseen beings. Elements such as flowers, coffee, incense, and takir reflect values of spirituality, ancestral reverence, and gratitude toward nature. This practice is aligned with the concept of pattidāna, which refers to merit transfer to ancestors as an expression of spiritual solidarity and communal identity. The study concludes that Sedekah Bumi embodies an integration of local and Buddhist values, making it a significant cultural practice to preserve amidst the challenges of modernity and contemporary spiritual crises

This creation is based on Batik as a rich Indonesian cultural heritage, which continues to undergo significant transformation by combining traditional elements and modern fashion trends. The creation of a new batik motif inspired by the Easter lily flower, was chosen because of its symbolic meaning and natural beauty. The design of this motif consists of three elements: the main motif of the Easter lily flower, supporting motifs, and isen motifs as complementary details. This creation aims to determine the process and results of applying Easter lily motif batik cloth to a wrap Dress using the batik tulis technique. This creation uses the Alma M. Hawkins method which has 5 stages of creation, namely: preparation, elaboration, synthesis, concept realization, and completion. The result of this creation is the creation of a wrap Dress with an Easter lily flower motif of 12 batik works. This batik tulis uses the colet technique with remasol dye. The wrap batik Dress with the Easter lily motif is expected to foster the interest of the younger generation in wearing batik tulis with colors and motifs that are tailored to their tastes.

This study was conducted with the primary objective of examining in depth the influence of lesson venue on parents’ satisfaction in Laman Baru Village. The research focused on comparing two alternative locations that have been options for the community: conducting lessons in residents’ homes on a rotating basis and conducting lessons in the church. Each of these alternatives carries different characteristics in terms of comfort, symbolic meaning, as well as social and religious acceptance within the local community. The research method employed was a descriptive quantitative approach using questionnaires and field observations. Through this method, the researcher was able to obtain empirical data that reflected parents’ perceptions and real experiences regarding lesson venues. The collected data were then analyzed to determine the extent to which location affected satisfaction, comfort, sense of security, and parents’ involvement in supporting their children’s nonformal education activities. The findings revealed that the choice of venue significantly influenced parents’ attitudes and responses. Lessons conducted in residents’ homes were perceived as more inclusive, since they embodied a sense of togetherness and collective participation within the community. Furthermore, this venue was considered symbolically neutral, thus avoiding any impression of favoritism toward a particular religious group. It also opened wider opportunities for parents to be directly involved in supporting their children. On the other hand, lessons held in the church created resistance, particularly among non-Christian parents, who viewed the church as a less neutral venue laden with specific religious meaning. This condition potentially reduced the participation of certain community members and generated discomfort in a multicultural context. Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of considering social, economic, and religious sensitivities in determining the venue of nonformal education, so that the activities carried out can be broadly accepted and bring optimal benefits to the entire community.

The research aims to describe the symbolic meaning and cultural values ​​in traditional ceremonies of the Abuy tribe, North Central Alor sub-district, West Lembur Village, Alor Regency. The Abuy traditional ceremony is the identity of West Lembur Village in general as a tourism process that must be preserved by the local community and is a tradition that still survives in the midst of modern progress like this. In this ceremony, there are various positions that are filled with symbolic meaning, such as a sarong woven cloth which has a moko motif which symbolizes the customs of marriage.  This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Data was collected through direct observation through interviews with traditional shops and local communities. The research results show that this ceremony not only functions as a religious and social rite, but also as a medium for cultural preservation that strengthens community identity. Values ​​such as togetherness, gratitude and spirituality contained in this ceremony play an important role in maintaining social harmony and establishing human relationships with nature. Preserving this ceremony is important to maintain cultural heritage which has relevance in modern social life.

The development of social media is currently very rapid and diverse, such as Whatsapp, YouTube. The existence of social media, especially among young people, has given rise to a diversity of uses and images of the identities of its users. Based on the background above, the following problem formulation arises, How do teenagers behave in interpreting the social media Instagram within themselves. And how is the use of Instagram social media in forming self-identity related to social interaction in society. In this discussion the theory used is symbolic interaction theory, where this theory focuses its attention on the ways humans use to shape the meaning and structure of society through conversation. Quoted from George Herbert Mead Symbolic interaction is a theory about how to think about the mind and self. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study method. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation and literature study. Research subjects were selected (purposively) based on the characteristics of being active users, having more than one account, aged 16-18 years, and consisting of men and women. The research results show that there is diversity in the use of social media, this can be seen from the initial use, patterns of use and the technology used. Then there are various meanings regarding the existence of social media for users, including those related to themselves, family, studies, hobbies, community and work. After that, there are various meanings regarding the self-identity of social media users, and identity construction on social media is carried out through the process of interaction in using social media.