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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a critical global health issue, with 88.4 million infections and 42.3 million AIDS-related deaths to date. In 2024 alone, 39.9 million individuals are living with HIV, 630,000 deaths occurred, and 1.3 million new infections were recorded. Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir (TLD) is a widely used antiretroviral therapy, but its reproductive and oxidative effects remain underexplored in female models, particularly in the South-South region of Nigeria.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress effects of TLD on the ovaries and uterus of adult female Wistar rats.Methods: Ten adult female Wistar rats (156–187g) were divided into control and treatment groups (n=5). The control group received standard diet and distilled water, while the treated group received daily doses of TLD (Tenofovir 5 mg, Lamivudine 5 mg, and Dolutegravir 0.8 mg/kg body weight) for 90 days. At the end of the treatment, animals in estrus phase were sacrificed for biochemical, histological, and hormonal analysis.Results: The treated group showed a significant reduction in body weight but no significant changes in ovarian or uterine weight. Oxidative stress analysis revealed decreased MDA and increased SOD, GPx, and CAT in the uterus. Hormonal levels were not significantly different. Histologically, the treated group displayed impaired follicular development, atretic follicles, cysts, enlarged endometrial cavities, and thicker endometria.Conclusion: TLD administration induced notable reproductive alterations in female Wistar rats, highlighting potential implications for its use in women of reproductive age.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of positive affirmations in reducing stress levels and their impact on physical conditions, particularly among university students. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The sample consisted of 7 psychology students from Universitas Negeri Padang (class of 2024), selected using a purposive sampling technique. The intervention involved performing positive affirmations independently for 30 days. The results showed a significant reduction in stress levels after the intervention, as evidenced by pretest and posttest scores. This stress reduction also positively affected physical conditions, such as brighter and healthier facial skin. The findings align with previous research, highlighting that positive affirmations can alleviate stress by enhancing positive emotions and stimulating the production of anti-stress hormones. Positive affirmations offer a practical method for improving mental and physical well-being, particularly for students.    

This study aims to analyze the influence of new students' adaptation to learning methods on campus, especially in sports study programs, and its implications for students' mental and physical health. This study uses a qualitative approach with observation and interview methods with seven female students of the Faculty of Sports, State University of Medan. The results of the study indicate that students experience high academic pressure due to the KKNI-based learning method and the block system, which has an impact on increasing stress levels, physical fatigue, and difficulties in managing study time between theory and practice. The implications of this study are relevant in developing student-friendly learning policies in order to maintain a balance between academic demands and their mental and physical health.    

The increasing presence of Generation Z (Gen Z) in the banking industry presents unique challenges, especially in highly regulated work environments. Gen Z employees prioritize work-life balance, seek continuous personal and professional development, and expect a more flexible and transparent workplace culture. However, the stringent regulatory requirements in the banking sector impose high job demands, administrative burdens, and intense supervision, which may lead to significant job stress among young employees. This study aims to explore the experiences of Gen Z employees in coping with regulatory pressures in the banking industry and to identify their adaptation strategies to manage workplace stress. Using a qualitative approach, the research investigates how leadership styles, job autonomy, and financial well-being influence Gen Z's stress levels and job satisfaction. Findings indicate that supportive leadership, clear communication, and flexible work arrangements can mitigate stress and enhance employee retention. The study offers practical recommendations for financial institutions to implement employee-centred policies that align with Gen Z's expectations while maintaining compliance with industry regulations.  

Technicians in radiology departments are continuously exposed to ionizing radiation, which can affect biological systems. This study aimed to investigate the effects of low-level ionizing radiation (IR) on antioxidant enzymes and blood components in radiology personnel. The study involved forty participants aged 30 to 45 years, divided into three groups: G1 as the control group (n=10), G2 consisting of 15 radiologists, and G3 comprising 15 radiology technology workers. Participants in G2 and G3 had work experience ranging from 5 to 15 years and were employed in X-ray and CT scan departments at General K1 Hospital, Kirkuk. The measured parameters included white blood cells (WBCs), platelets, and lymphocytes, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and albumin as indicators of redox status. The results showed a significant increase in MDA levels among radiology workers compared to the control group, while SOD, TAC, and albumin levels decreased (P<0.05). Additionally, radiation-exposed workers had a higher mean count of WBCs and lymphocytes than the control group (P<0.05), whereas platelet levels were significantly lower (P<0.05). This study indicates that occupational radiation exposure can cause short-term changes in blood cells and increase the circulating redox state in healthcare workers operating in CT and IR environments compared to those not exposed to radiation. These findings highlight the importance of regular health monitoring for radiology personnel to mitigate potential long-term effects of radiation exposure.

Mental health disorders, particularly depression, are becoming an increasing concern among university students. This study aims to analyze the comparative levels of depression among students from the 2022 and 2024 cohorts in the Biology Department at Universitas Negeri Medan. The research employs a mixed-method approach, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 51 active students. The results indicate that students from the 2022 cohort exhibit higher levels of depression compared to those from the 2024 cohort, due to academic pressure, social factors, and lifestyle habits. These findings highlight the importance of preventive strategies and interventions to mitigate depression risks, such as stress management, promoting healthy lifestyle habits, and strengthening social support in academic environments. Therefore, educational institutions must prioritize student mental health to foster a more conducive learning environment.

Blood pressure that is higher than normal is known as hypertension. This is a disease to be wary of because it has no signs and symptoms. Recurrence experienced by a person more than once with characteristics that occur frequently and are usually unpleasant. Several factors that influence compliance with treatment, family history, stress, diet compliance. This research aims to identify factors that play a role in the occurrence of relapse in hypertension patients. This research uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive method, which aims to describe the phenomenon in a certain population. Data were collected through the MMAS-8, PSS, and DASH questionnaires from 140 respondents selected using purposive sampling techniques. Based on the results of research from 140 respondents suffer from hypertension, it can concluded that majority were 57 people (40.7%), 76 people were female (54.3%), 137 people were married (97.9%), 53 people had a high school education level. people (37.9%), the longest duration of suffering from hypertension is 1-5 years as many as 62 people (44.3%), the occupation of respondents who work is 86 (61.4%), genetics and family history are the most many families, 88 people (62.9%), 79 people (56.4%) were moderately compliant with medication, 105 people were moderately stressed (75.0%), and 132 people were compliant with diet (94.3%). The results of this research revealed that a number of factors that contribute to recurrence in hypertensive patients include age, gender, marital status, education level, duration of illness, family history, compliance with treatment, stress levels, and compliance with diet.

At present, little is known in Nigeria and globally about the association between stress and cortisol secretion in normotensive and preeclamptic pregnant women. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that involves high blood pressure and organ damage, and it has been associated with various physiological alterations. This study aims to determine the comparative levels of cortisol, a stress marker, in preeclamptic pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Cortisol levels are known to fluctuate in response to stress, and altered levels may indicate an underlying pathophysiological process. Forty (40) consenting pregnant women were recruited from St. Philomina Catholic Hospital, Edo State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected and spun in a bucket centrifuge at 2500 RPM (rounds per minute) for 10 minutes. The plasma was stored frozen in plain sample bottles and analyzed for cortisol levels using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The data obtained were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 9 software. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM, and a P-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study found that cortisol levels significantly increased from 226.4 ± 36.53 nmol/L in normotensive women to 370.7 ± 36.47 nmol/L in preeclamptic women (p<0.05, <0.0081). This increase was statistically significant, suggesting that elevated cortisol levels in preeclamptic women may be linked to stress and potentially to oxidative stress cascade activation. These findings contribute to the understanding of stress-related physiological changes in preeclampsia and may offer insights for future diagnostic or therapeutic approaches.

Elderly is the end of the human life process which causes decreased activity. The stress that arises during the aging process can cause three types of changes, namely changes in self-perception, changes in relationships with other people, and philosophical changes regarding priorities, perseverance, and spirituality. Apart from that, spirituality can also help someone develop their awareness. Stress can be avoided if a person has a high level of spirituality, spirituality can be understood as a relationship between a person and God. The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between spirituality and the stress level of elderly people in Social Service Homes. This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was 105 respondents using purposive sampling. Spirituality data was collected using the SAS questionnaire and Stress Levels using the DASS questionnaire. This research shows a high level of spirituality of 52.4%, moderate spirituality of 40%, low spirituality of 7.6% and a level of severe stress of 24.8%, a level of moderate stress of 58.1%, a level of light stress of 17.1%.

Background: Menstrual disorders that are often found in women include late menstruation, and the amount of menstrual blood. Almost 75% of adolescents experience menstruation, including irregular cycles, pain, long and heavy bleeding during menstruation. The menstrual cycle is not only influenced by biological factors such as lifestyle, hormonal disorders, nutritional status, but can also be influenced by social and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the menstrual cycle in adolescent girls at MAN 1 Semarang City. Method: This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The sample of this study amounted to 168 respondents. The respondent selection used probability sampling technique. This study used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis tests. The analysis used was Spearman's rho and multiple logistic regression. Results and Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the factors age, menarche, diet, nutritional status, and hemoglobin levels have no relationship to the menstrual cycle in female adolescents, but from the factors of stress, physical activity, fast food consumption habits, and sleep quality there is a relationship to the menstrual cycle in female adolescents at MAN 1 Semarang City where for stress level obtained p value: 0.002, physical activity with p value: 0.012, fast food consumption habits with p value: 0.035, and sleep quality with p value: 0.022. The factors that most influence the menstrual cycle in female adolescents at AN 1 Semarang City are stress levels with p value 0.002 and Od Ratio 3.365.

Background: As you get older, health problems increase, one of which is stress. Stress is very important because stress will have an impact on the quality of life and psychological well-being of the elderly. Psychological well-being in the elderly is the elderly's ability to accept themselves as they are, be able to build positive relationships with other people, be able to independently face social pressure, master the environment, have a purpose in life, and be able to realize one's potential in a sustainable manner. Stress in the elderly can describe that a person experiences a decrease in psychological well-being in the elderly which can be said to be low. Objective: This research is to analyze the relationship between stress levels and psychological well-being in elderly people at the Pucang Gading Semarang and Wening Wardoyo Ungaran Elderly Social Service Homes. Method: This research is a type of correlational quantitative research using the cross-section method. The sample taken in this study was 105 elderly people who were in the Pucang Gading Semarang and Wening Wardoyo Ungaran elderly service homes. The instrument for measuring stress levels and psychological wellbeing in the elderly uses a questionnaire. The test used in this research is the Gamma test. Conclusion: There is a relationship between stress levels and psychological wellbeing in the elderly at the Pucang Gading Semarang and Wening Wardhoyo Ungaran Social Service Homes for the Elderly.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus which is increasingly common is often accompanied by complications and psychological problems such as stress. The level of stress in diabetes patients can be influenced by family support which plays a crucial role in improving their quality of life. This study aims to examine the relationship between the level of family support and stress levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional research design. A total of 132 type 2 DM patients registered at the Genuk Health Center, Semarang, were randomly selected as samples. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test, and the results showed a significant relationship between family support and patient stress levels (p-value = 0.047). This indicates that adequate family support plays an important role in reducing stress in type 2 diabetes patients.

Adolescence is a time of fast physical and psychological development. Between the ages of 10 and 19, adolescence takes place during the childhood and adulthood periods. Teenagers are particularly susceptible to abnormal behavior, such as bullying. Bullying is common in schools and can be brought on by bad settings or family dynamics. The effects of bullying behavior include tension, anxiety, and sadness. Stress usually occurs where bullying demands are usually like cognitive environments, personality. Untreated stress in teenagers can result in substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, and other negative interactions. Method: This study uses a cross-sectional technique and is classified as quantitative research. Female students from SMP Islam Sultan Agung 4 Semarang served as the sample. Simple random sampling was the method employed, with 114 participants. The chi square test was the correlation test employed in this investigation. Results: Based on the results of the analysis, it was obtained that of the 114 respondents, most of them had age characteristics of 13 years as many as 51 or 44.7%, and were female as many as 114 or 100.0%. According to the study's findings, 67.5% of female students reported having high stress levels, while 63.2% reported moderate verbal bullying. A p value of 0.035 was revealed by statistical testing that used the chi square test. Conclusion: Stress levels (victims) and the prevalence of verbal bullying behavior in female teenagers are closely correlated (p value 0.035).

Clinical education is an important aspect in health education, where students learn clinical skills in hospitals. The support of clinical educators and a conducive environment play a role in reducing stress. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the role of clinical educators and the implementation of clinical education with the level of stress of students during practice at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. Using a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design, the population and sample in this study were 87 respondents with a total sampling technique. The results of the Spearman test showed a significant relationship with weak strength (p value 0.000), positive direction, and correlation coefficients of 0.471 and 0.514. Further research with a wider scope and qualitative methods is recommended to understand the factors causing student stress in more depth.

This research empirically investigates the important distinction between fraud identification and forensic accounting in the Nigerian public sector. The study utilized a research survey design with a sample size of 100 respondents, including accountants and auditors from four ministries selected from the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja, Nigeria. The primary statistical method employed to test the hypotheses was Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The research found that forensic accounting is an effective tool in detecting fraud within the Nigerian public sector. It was also revealed that there is a strong correlation between forensic accounting and litigation support services, which play a crucial role in Nigerian courts in handling fraud cases. Additionally, the study highlights the role of forensic accounting in preventing fraudulent activities by enhancing transparency and accountability. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the public sector adopts a robust and transparent accounting system that ensures effectiveness in fraud detection and prevention. Furthermore, there is a need for continuous improvement in the internal control systems within government agencies to detect and prevent fraudulent behavior proactively. The research also stresses the importance of public sector officials embracing core values such as integrity, objectivity, fairness, and accountability in their operations. Finally, it is crucial for forensic accountants to receive specialized training in forensic accounting techniques and procedures to better detect and resolve fraud cases in the public sector. These actions will contribute to reducing fraud levels and improving the overall governance of Nigeria’s public sector.

Digital lifestyle has become an integral part of university students' daily lives, involving the use of social media, digital devices, and digital content consumption. The development of digital technology has positive impacts, facilitating easy access to information and social interactions. However, excessive use can lead to digital stress, which negatively affects students' mental health. This study aims to identify the key factors influencing students' digital lifestyles and analyze their relationship with stress levels. A quantitative approach with a survey method was employed, using a questionnaire to measure digital lifestyle, including social media usage frequency and digital device interaction duration, along with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure students' stress levels. The factor analysis results show that social media usage and prolonged interaction with digital devices are significant factors contributing to students' stress. Furthermore, sleep disturbances and social anxiety were identified as other significant factors associated with increased stress. The multivariate regression analysis confirmed that students who spent more time on social media reported higher stress levels, associated with social anxiety and sleep disturbances caused by digital addiction. This study suggests the importance of managing digital device usage and raising students' awareness of the negative impacts of excessive social media use. The findings imply the need for support from universities and mental health organizations to provide interventions that help students manage their digital lifestyles, reduce stress, and improve their mental well-being.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in its treatment requires the ability to comply with the management recommended by the doctor. Diabetes mellitus treatment is influenced by the level of self-empowerment of each individual. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-empowerment and stress levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Method: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach. The number of respondents in this study was 109 people, with a sampling technique using purposive sampling because not all samples had criteria that matched the researcher's assumptions. The data obtained were analyzed using the somers’d test. Results: Based on the results of the somers’d test, the results obtained were that the most respondents had high self-empowerment, as many as 53 respondents (48,6%). The highest stress level was in the mild stress category, as many as 53 respondents (48,6%). The results of the statistical test obtained a p value of 0.000 (<0,05), which means that there is a relationship between self-empowerment and stress levels and the correlation coefficient number is -0.746, which means that the relationship is very strong and the direction is negative (opposite). Conclusion: There is a perfect relationship between self-empowerment and stress levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

This research focuses on discussing the Analysis of the Negative Impact of Using Gadgets in the Social and Emotional Development of Class IV Students at XV State Elementary School, Sungai Bengkal Village, Tebo Regency. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection techniques in this research are observation, interviews and documentation. Related to the data analysis techniques that researchers use, namely data editing, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The aim of this research is to determine the negative impact of using gadgets on the social and emotional development of students at the XV Elementary School in Sungai Bengkal Village, Tebo Regency. The results of this research show that the negative impacts of gadget use on students at State Elementary School XV, Sungai Bengkal Village, Tebo Regency include social and emotional development disorders. Students show decreased ability for face-to-face social interaction, difficulty managing emotions, and increased stress levels. Uncontrolled online content is also a risk factor. Therefore, comprehensive intervention and collaboration between schools, parents and students is needed to overcome this problem.

Excessive workload can cause work stress among nurses, impacting their performance and the quality of healthcare services. Nurses in inpatient wards often experience this due to high job demands and a large number of patients. This study aims to analyze the relationship between workload and work stress levels among nurses in the inpatient ward of RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. This quantitative research employed a correlational design. A total of 100 nurses from the inpatient ward of RSI Sultan Agung Semarang were selected using total sampling. Data were obtained from a questionnaire measuring physical and psychological workload aspects and work stress indicators such as emotional exhaustion and decreased personal accomplishment. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The majority of respondents (82.8%) had a moderate workload, while most (76.8%) experienced moderate work stress. Bivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship between workload and work stress levels (< 0.05). A high workload significantly contributes to boost work stress levels among nurses in the inpatient ward of RSI Sultan Agung Semarang. Effective workload management strategies, such as adjusting nurse-to-patient ratios and providing stress management programs, are necessary to improve nurse well-being and enhance the quality of healthcare services

This study emphasizes the importance of mental health among students in Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren), who often face various academic and social pressures. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is defined as a state in which individuals feel happy and healthy, are capable of facing life's challenges, and maintain a positive attitude towards themselves and others. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management-based education on the mental health of students at Pesantren X. A quantitative pre-experimental design was employed, involving 28 students selected through purposive sampling. The DASS-42 questionnaire was utilized to assess mental health before and after the intervention. Results indicated that post-education, 64.3% of students exhibited normal levels of depression, 53.6% showed normal anxiety, and 67.9% reported normal stress levels. The Wilcoxon test yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effectiveness of the educational program. The findings affirm that mental health education through stress management is effective in enhancing both the mental health and knowledge of students. Therefore, it is recommended that Islamic boarding schools incorporate this program into their curriculum to support the psychological well-being of their students.