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Metaphysics is a part of the philosophy of science that studies reality. Metaphysics is a part of philosophy about the nature behind physics (which appears). This essence is usually abstract and beyond the reach of ordinary human experience. This phenomenon is the focus of this article, so that it becomes a discussion that can be accepted by humans in general.  This paper uses library research (library research) with data sources in the form of scientific articles, books, documents, journals and other sources of a library nature. The data was collected and then analyzed in depth using content analysis techniques and presented descriptively. The research results show that the phenomenon of the revelation of the Koran itself contains metaphysical elements such as the nature of God, His creation and humans so that metaphysics cannot be separated from the practical life of the Islamic religion. The beauty and value of a process in Islam in studying the Koran and  and position on earth, namely as servants and caliphs.

This study explores the integration of Islamic epistemology with modern scientific methodologies, proposing a pluralistic epistemic framework that bridges the gap between divine revelation (wahyu), rationality (aql), and empirical knowledge. The research investigates the comparative relationship between traditional Islamic knowledge systems, particularly classical Qur'anic hermeneutics, modern tafsir approaches, and contemporary scientific methods. Traditional Islamic epistemology, grounded in metaphysical and theological frameworks, often emphasizes the separation of spiritual knowledge from empirical science. However, modern scientific methodologies, which prioritize empirical observation and rational inquiry, have created challenges for reconciling Islamic thought with contemporary scientific paradigms. This study identifies common epistemic grounds, such as the use of reason, observation, and the search for truth, as shared goals between Islamic epistemology and modern science. The proposed integrative model of Islamic epistemic pluralism offers a more cohesive and relevant approach to knowledge by acknowledging both spiritual and scientific insights. This model suggests that divine revelation and empirical science can coexist in an inclusive epistemic framework, providing a more comprehensive understanding of reality. The implications of this integrative model for Islamic thought, education, and research are significant, suggesting potential for broader interdisciplinary collaboration and a more holistic approach to addressing modern challenges. The study concludes by calling for further research into practical frameworks for applying Islamic epistemic pluralism across various fields, such as social sciences, engineering, and environmental studies, to contribute to a more inclusive and dynamic global intellectual discourse.

Combinatorial optimization is a fundamental area in operations research and computer science, focusing on identifying optimal solutions from a finite set of possibilities. This study explores the integration of branch and bound methods with heuristic algorithms to address optimization problems in graph theory and discrete mathematics. Python was employed for algorithm implementation due to its flexibility and comprehensive computational libraries, enabling efficient data analysis and visualization. Several benchmark problems were examined, including the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), Minimum Spanning Tree (MST), and Graph Coloring. Simulations were conducted using datasets of varying sizes (small, medium, and large) to evaluate performance across different scales. The results demonstrate that the hybrid approach achieves a balance between solution quality and computational efficiency, outperforming brute-force methods in terms of speed while maintaining near-optimal accuracy. Tabulated results and graphical comparisons highlight the reduction in computation time and improved scalability of the proposed method. The findings suggest that combining systematic search strategies with heuristics offers a practical and effective framework for solving complex combinatorial optimization problems. Recommendations for future research include testing scalability with larger datasets, incorporating advanced metaheuristics, and applying the approach to real-world domains such as logistics and network design.

Mathematics is a universal science that underlies the development of modern technology, plays an important role in various scientific disciplines, and human thinking abilities. The view that mathematics is a science that trains thinking. The Creative Problem Solving learning model is a learning model that focuses on teaching and Problem Solving skills. Digital teaching materials are use digital devices, such as computers, smartphones. The aim of this research is to see the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the e-module being developed. This teaching material development model uses the ADDIE model. This research was carried out at SMP Negeri 21 Medan which is located on Jl. Rampe Raya flower. The time for the panel research is the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The subjects of this research were class VII students at SMP Negeri 21 Medan. Meanwhile, the object of this research is learning media in the form of e-modules using flipbooks based on Creative Problem Solving. The e-module was declared very valid with a score of 3.56 and was categorized as very feasible. The e-module was declared practical with a percentage of 92.67% and was categorized as very practical. The e-module was declared effective by achieving Problem Solving indicators in indicators 1, 2, 3 and 4 with 65% of students completing the learning. The achievement of classical student indicators has met 65% of students who took part in learning with a score of 75. And there was a significant increase in indicators 1, 2, 3, and 4.

This research investigates ship maintenance management practices among senior students in shipping engineering during their internships at a vocational school in Jakarta. The study explores the challenges faced, strategies employed, and lessons learned in managing maintenance tasks onboard ships. Seven participants were interviewed, highlighting technical malfunctions, resource limitations, time constraints, environmental factors, and communication barriers as primary challenges. Participants utilized preventive maintenance, cross-training, task prioritization, collaborative problem-solving, and digital tools to enhance operational efficiency. Lessons underscored the importance of preparation, teamwork, adaptability, continuous learning, and communication skills in navigating maritime maintenance complexities. The findings emphasize the role of proactive maintenance strategies and technological integration in optimizing sustainability and operational reliability within the maritime industry. Integrating practical training into educational curricula and embracing digital innovations are recommended for preparing future professionals. Future research could explore larger sample sizes and quantitative methodologies to validate findings and quantify the impact of maintenance practices. This study contributes to enhancing vocational education in maritime sciences and informs industry practices for advancing ship maintenance management globally.

The use of practical methods in teaching material on changes in the states of matter is very effective in helping students understand these concepts in more depth. Through practicum, students can directly observe how a substance changes form under certain conditions, such as temperature or pressure, this strengthens theoretical understanding with practical experience. Using practical methods in teaching changes in the states of matter, students not only understand theoretical concepts but also see their application in real life. This can help build a more holistic and in-depth understanding of the material studied. The practicum method encourages students to be more active and participate in the learning process. Class observations showed that 85% of students were more engaged and enthusiastic during practicum sessions compared to conventional learning. They often ask questions, discuss and try to understand the material through direct experiments. Students are trained to make careful and systematic observations of changes in the state of substances. The evaluation results show an increase in these skills by 25% after implementing the practicum method. The application of practicum methods in learning science and material regarding changes in the states of substances in class IV has proven to be effective in improving various aspects of learning. This method succeeded in increasing conceptual understanding, science process skills, student activity and participation, academic performance, and learning motivation. Students involved in practicum activities showed a significant increase in understanding the concept of changes in the states of matter, as shown by an increase in the average score of 30%.

Innovation is a research, development and engineering activity carried out with the aim of developing practical applications of new scientific values ​​and contexts or by applying existing science and technology in products or processes. Village-Owned Enterprises are institutions formed by the village government and the community manages these institutions based on the needs and economy of the village. The lack of optimal development of BUMDes business units causes quite large losses, partly due to the lack of cooperation carried out by the Village Government and BUMDes which then results in many tourist units being abandoned. ​This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data in this research consists of primary data and secondary data. The informants in this research were 7 people, data collection techniques were through observation, interviews and documentation. Data management/data analysis techniques through data reduction, data presentation, drawing or drawing conclusions. ​In the interview results from the BUMDes Director, there was a decline in income, but not every year. The aim of this research is that it is hoped that BUMDes will have a big influence and be able to help develop the community's economy through the BUMDes business unit "Putra Mandiri" in Panggang Village so that it runs optimally. The results of the evaluation require training for BUMDes managers and their communities so that the development of BUMDes business units can run optimally.  

This research examines students' ability to understand mathematical concepts and the impact of implementing the Makerspace STEAM learning approach model on their learning activities. Makerspace STEAM integrates science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics concepts in a practical, project-based learning context. This study uses a quantitative approach to evaluate students' increased understanding of mathematical concepts after engaging in Makerspace STEAM learning activities. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide better insight into the effectiveness of this learning model in improving student academic achievement in mathematics subjects.

This research aims to determine how to produce an Android-based character calculator application on the ability to understand concepts in arithmetic sequences and series material for high school students that reaches the level of validity, practicality and. The method used in this research is the Research & Development method with the Borg and Gall model research design which consists of 7 stages, namely potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, and product revision. The subjects in this research were 31 students in class XI Science at SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak. This research uses indirect communication techniques and measurements with data collection tools in the form of validation sheets, questionnaires and test questions. The first research result, namely the validity, obtained from the material and media expert validation value of 89.77% with very valid criteria, the second, namely the practicality obtained from teacher and student questionnaires with a percentage of 96.64% with very valid criteria, while the practicality value was obtained from The posttest score is 83.87% of the KKM score of 76 so it is included in the very effective category. Thus, it can be concluded that the Android-based character calculator application media for the ability to understand concepts in arithmetic sequences and series material for high school students is classified as effective to use.  

This research aims to evaluate the influence of management functions on the effectiveness of educational institutions through a qualitative approach using a literature review method. By focusing on planning, organizing, directing and monitoring, this research identifies the relationship between management functions and aspects of the effectiveness of educational institutions. The data collection process involved a systematic search of online library sources with relevant keywords, followed by selection and in-depth analysis of the selected sources. Through critical analysis, this research aims to produce insights that are useful for the development of educational management science and practical implementation in improving the performance of educational institutions. It is hoped that the findings of this research can be a valuable contribution for stakeholders in the education sector in an effort to increase the effectiveness of the management of educational institutions.   

This research explores the integration of the Duano tribe's shellfish manongkah tradition into science education to develop culturally relevant learning modules. This research aims to address the gap between local wisdom and its application in science learning, increasing students' understanding and appreciation of their cultural heritage. A qualitative approach was used by conducting surveys and interviews with the Duano tribe community and distributing questionnaires to teachers and students in the Indragiri Hilir coastal area as many as 40 respondents. The findings in this research are that the shellfish Manongkah tradition can be integrated into learning. Furthermore, many teachers and students know about the Manongkah Shell tradition, have never carried out culture-based learning, there is a lack of teaching materials at school, and teachers lack understanding of culture-based learning. This research highlights the importance of contextual learning in preserving cultural traditions while providing practical solutions to today's educational challenges. In conclusion, to overcome this problem, it is necessary to develop a science learning module based on the Manongkah Shellfish tradition so that apart from overcoming this problem, it is hoped that it will be able to improve students' 21st century skills.

This paper examines the significant contributions of Prof. Dr. Paul Janssen CM to the Indonesian Catholic Church, particularly in the fields of pastoral theology and catechist education. Janssen's creative and practical approach to theology has had a lasting impact, evident in the establishment of catechetical institutions and the numerous alumni serving across Indonesia. The study explores Janssen’s pastoral theological practices, emphasizing his integration of theological concepts with social sciences to create an interdisciplinary pastoral model. The methodology includes an analysis of Janssen’s thoughts, teaching materials, and life experiences, focusing on the contextualization of theology within the Indonesian Church. The paper highlights Janssen's commitment to the Church’s mission, especially his focus on serving the poor, and offers recommendations for renewing and actualizing his charism in contemporary pastoral work. Ultimately, it seeks to ensure that Janssen's legacy continues to inspire and guide future pastoral initiatives in Indonesia.

This research discusses the importance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Indonesian economy, especially in creating jobs, increasing national income, and reducing unemployment and poverty. Despite their significant contribution, MSMEs often face obstacles in financial management, especially in effective financial recording and reporting. As a case study, this research focuses on Bunda Al's donut business in Surabaya which is experiencing challenges in financial recording due to the business owner's lack of understanding about accounting. This research aims to identify ways to improve the financial management of MSMEs through basic accounting training and the use of simple accounting systems such as Microsoft Excel or Google Sheets. The main focus includes practices to manage finances in a healthy and sustainable manner, including recording daily transactions, preparing necessary financial reports, and ensuring the accuracy of financial reports. The research method involved interviews with MSME owners and descriptive analysis to characterize the data. The results showed that effective financial management starts with the selection of quality raw materials and accurate recording of daily transactions. Businesses are advised to expand their financial statements to include balance sheets and cash flows for a more complete financial picture. This research is expected to provide practical guidance for MSMEs in improving their financial management, as well as encourage the effective application of accounting principles. Thus, improving the quality of accounting records is expected to contribute to innovation in accounting science and its application among MSMEs.  

This study aims to review the scope of linguistic research, highlighting the various branches and approaches used in the study of language. Linguistic research is a multidisciplinary field that includes the analysis of language structure, use, and its role in society. In this paper, we discuss some of the main branches of theoretical linguistics, including phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. In addition, we also explore applied linguistics which involves the application of linguistic theory in practical contexts such as language education, translation, and language technology. Interdisciplinary approaches in linguistic research, which combine perspectives from psychology, anthropology, and computer science, are also a major focus of this study. We highlight the importance of appropriate methodology in linguistic research, including qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as the use of modern analytical tools such as linguistic software and natural language processing techniques. The results of this study indicate that a comprehensive understanding of the scope of linguistic research can make a significant contribution to the development of linguistics and its applications in various fields. These findings are expected to provide insights for researchers, practitioners, and educators in designing more effective language studies and teaching programs.      

Practical Lectures and Community Service (KPPM) is a form of student service required by IAKN Tarutung, which is carried out in semester VI and lasts for three months. This program aims to improve community welfare and make the nation's life smarter through social activities that use science and technology. In Sipahutar Village, Sipoholon District, KPPM activities are carried out with the aim of increasing children's learning motivation through private tutoring programs, encouraging a spirit of mutual cooperation with the community, and holding healthy exercise with PKK mothers. The research method used involved two main stages: initial observation to identify educational problems in schools, and implementation of a free private tutoring program every Friday for 120 minutes for elementary school children. Apart from that, mutual cooperation activities and healthy exercise with PKK mothers were carried out as part of efforts to improve community welfare and health.The results of KPPM activities show that private tutoring has succeeded in increasing children's interest and motivation in learning in Sipahutar Village. An interactive learning approach adapted to school subjects helps children understand the material more easily. Mutual cooperation carried out with the community shows an increase in togetherness and citizen participation in social activities. Meanwhile, regularly held healthy exercise improves the fitness and health of PKK women, as well as strengthening social relations between them. The conclusion of this activity emphasizes the important role of students in serving society through education, health and other social activities. The KPPM program in Sipahutar Village has succeeded in creating positive change by involving all levels of society in a joint effort to improve welfare and education.

Healthcare professionals often face high levels of stress due to demanding job requirements, which can negatively impact their mental and physical health. Mobile health applications have emerged as potential tools to assist in stress management. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health applications in reducing stress among healthcare professionals. The study utilizes a literature review method by identifying, selecting, and analyzing 12 relevant research articles. The article search was conducted across several databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Springer, Elsevier, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria encompass articles that discuss the use of mobile health applications for stress management among healthcare professionals, published within the last 10 years. Data were thematically analyzed to identify key findings related to the effectiveness of these applications. The literature review results indicate that mobile health applications are effective in reducing stress levels and improving the psychological well-being of healthcare professionals. Successful implementation requires attention to factors influencing adoption and usage, as well as strategies to overcome existing barriers. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term effects and develop practical recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of these applications.

The integration of religion and science has become the subject of interesting debate in the modern intellectual world. Hossein Nasr, an Islamic philosopher and scholar, made important contributions to understanding the relationship between these two fields. In his perspective, Nasr emphasizes the importance of understanding religion and science holistically, as two complementary dimensions in the search for truth. This article explores Nasr's thinking on the integration of religion and science, highlighting his arguments about the epistemological and ontological differences between the two as well as attempts to unite them in a coherent view. The discussion also includes the practical implications of Nasr's views in the context of modern life.

This research investigates the important function of Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) in directing and regulating the social interactions of modern teenagers. This research is based on historical narratives in the Islamic tradition and the importance of Jurisprudence in overcoming problems such as juvenile delinquency. In addition, this research emphasizes how important it is for the principles of Fiqh to be applied practically in everyday life. According to this research, Jurisprudence education goes beyond theoretical understanding and requires the application of knowledge in the real world, which integrates theory and action. The aim of this research is to reveal methods for improving relationships in an era of disruption through the science of jurisprudence. This research uses library research methods, reviewing relevant literature to analyze the concept of adolescent social interaction from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence. The results of this research indicate that Islamic principles are not in accordance with current teenage trends, such as changing clothing styles, increasing premarital relationships, drug propaganda, and materialistic transmission. This article emphasizes that parents and teenagers must help children bridge the gap between Islamic values ​​and modern lifestyles, with the importance of fiqh education in adolescence as a basis for living a life in accordance with Islamic values.

The purpose of writing This For understand the review of Islamic law regarding the practice of buying and selling breast milk (ASI) in Ujung Pandang District, Makassar City. The theoretical benefit of this research is that it is hoped that this research can provide a useful contribution to the development of knowledge regarding the buying and selling of breast milk in society and the attitude of the government and religious figures towards the practice of buying and selling breast milk (ASI) in handling it and practically, it is hoped that this research can help provide ideas for the community and readers regarding the buying and selling of breast milk from the perspective of Islamic law. The research method is empirical juridical research. The results of this research show (1) An overview of Islamic law regarding the practice of buying and selling breast milk (ASI) in Makassar City, especially in Ujung Pandang District, namely that it should not allow buying and selling breast milk (ASI), because there are many disadvantages (damage/danger). Because the buying and selling of breast milk (ASI) which is carried out through the Indonesian Association of Breastfeeding Mothers (AIMI) does not have recorded data so the source of breast milk (ASI) is not clear between the sellers and buyers of breast milk (ASI). (2) Factors that influence the practice of buying and selling breast milk are as follows: 1. Economic factors, where the perpetrators of buying and selling breast milk (ASI) are breastfeeding mothers who are still young and some of them are not able to produce breast milk. (ASI) is good, where the perpetrators of buying and selling breast milk (ASI), especially respondents who sell breast milk (ASI), experience financial shortages, so they choose to sell breast milk (ASI) through the Indonesian Breastfeeding Mothers Association (AIMI). 2 the religious factor, which is due to a lack of education and support from the family so that many perpetrators of buying and selling breast milk (ASI) do not really understand the importance of religious knowledge in carrying out the practice of buying and selling breast milk (ASI). Conclusions of Writer are: (1) Overview Islamic law regarding practice sell buy breast milk (ASI) in Makassar City, especially in Ujung Pandang District , namely should No allow exists sell buy breast milk (ASI), because Lots harm ( damage / danger ). Suggestions from Writer are: (1) It is better not to breastfeed (ASI). bought and sold in a way illegal nor free. (2) Necessary exists supervision morestrict from institution government nor non- governmental institutions local about practice sell buy breast milk (ASI) so you don't happen.

This research aims to develop learning tools based on science process skills on ecosystem materials at SMA Negeri 11 Enrekang. The research focuses on creating teaching modules and learner worksheets (LKPD) that can increase students' understanding and active involvement in biology learning. This study uses a 4-D development model consisting of four stages: definition, design, development, and deployment, with this research limited to the development stage. The methodology used involves analyzing the needs of students and teachers, designing learning tools, and testing the validity and practicality of the developed tools. The validity test involved two expert validators, while the practicality test was carried out by involving teachers at SMA Negeri 11 Enrekang. The assessment is carried out through a questionnaire that measures the validity and practicality of the learning tools. The results showed that the learning tools developed received an excellent validity assessment, with a "very valid" score for the teaching module and "valid" for the LKPD. The practicality test also showed positive results, with the learning tools rated "very practical" by teachers. These findings indicate that science process skills-based learning tools effectively improve students' understanding of ecosystem materials. This research significantly contributes to developing process skills-based learning tools, which can be adapted in other schools. Further research could test the applicability of these devices to other materials and in different schools to expand their application in biology learning.