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This study aims to describe the implementation of ethical philosophy learning and the assessment pattern for student learning outcomes at the KH. Ahmad Sanusi Sukabumi Institute (INKHAS). Ethical philosophy is understood as a critical study of good and bad values in human actions, which not only accepts moral teachings normatively, but examines them rationally and in depth. In the learning process, this course applies discussion and dialogue methods as the main approach to encourage students to think critically, express opinions argumentatively, and build mutual respect. The lecturer acts as a facilitator who directs the discussion, instills academic ethics, and maintains a scientific learning flow. The assessment pattern does not focus on memorizing theories, but rather on students' analytical abilities as measured through discussion participation, individual assignments, and group assignments. The results of the study indicate that this method is effective in developing students' conceptual understanding, critical thinking skills, and moral awareness, although obstacles such as lack of motivation in some students due to the abstract nature of the material are still found. Overall, ethical philosophy learning at INKHAS plays an important role in shaping ethical character, reflective thinking, and responsible attitudes in academic and social life.

This study discusses the dynamics of interpersonal communication between mothers and children in dealing with family conflicts. Conflict is a natural part of interpersonal relationships, but the way it is managed determines the quality of long-term relationships. Interpersonal communication is an important element because through the process of exchanging messages, mothers and children can express their feelings, understand each other's perspectives, and find an agreement that can be accepted by both parties. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method to examine communication patterns, barriers, and strategies used in the conflict resolution process. The results of the study showed that open communication, empathy, emotional presence, and active listening skills greatly influenced the success of conflict management. In addition, research has found that the alignment of verbal and nonverbal messages, the use of non-judgmental language, and mutual respect can create an atmosphere conducive to dialogue. This study makes a theoretical contribution to understanding modern family relations and practical implications for strengthening communication in dealing with mother-child conflicts.

This study examines the integration of critical reading and argumentative writing skills in Indonesian language courses at Universitas Muhammadiyah Maumere as a strategic effort to strengthen students’ academic literacy. In the digital era, university students are increasingly exposed to fragmented information, superficial reading practices, and non academic language use, which significantly affect their ability to construct logical and well supported academic arguments. This research aims to describe learning practices, identify key challenges, and analyze the implications of integrating critical reading and argumentative writing within higher education contexts. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using classroom observations and in-depth interviews with lecturers and students. The findings reveal that students initially experience difficulties in evaluating sources, formulating arguments, and maintaining coherence in academic writing. However, the integration of critical reading activities with structured argumentative writing tasks contributes to improved analytical thinking, clarity of reasoning, and academic language use. The study also highlights the central role of lecturers in scaffolding learning processes and fostering reflective academic practices. The findings imply that integrating critical reading and argumentative writing is essential for developing students’ academic identity and intellectual responsibility, particularly in responding to contemporary challenges in higher education and digital literacy.

This research is motivated by the high rate of inability to read the Quran in Indonesia and the urgency of providing appropriate learning stimuli during the golden period of child development. The Al-Husna method was chosen because it emphasizes the principles of simplicity, ease, and tartil, which are considered relevant to the characteristics of early childhood. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the application of the Al-Husna method in Quran learning at PAUD Tahfidzul Qur'an Yurefi Kendari using the Goal-Oriented Evaluation Model. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The evaluation results show that the application of the Al-Husna method has met the learning objectives that have been set at PAUD Tahfidzul Qur'an Yurefi. These achievements include improving students' abilities in recognizing and pronouncing hijaiyah letters with the support of visual codes, mastery of syllables of hijaiyah letters, and understanding the punctuation system using standards according to Rasm Uthmani, achieving efficiency in the use of time and materials in the learning process, and creating a fun, active, and participatory learning environment for children. The identified challenges primarily relate to the need for educators to have a comprehensive understanding of the Al-Husna method. However, schools can address these challenges by implementing ongoing training and mentoring programs. Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the Al-Husna method is effective in building a foundation of basic Quranic reading skills and understanding in early childhood, using a child-friendly and meaningful approach. Therefore, this method can be used as a strategic alternative for teaching Quranic reading and understanding in educational institutions.

This community service was carried out in Margaluyu Village, Kasemen District, Serang City. This community service program was prepared based on the problem of increasing the amount of household plastic waste in Margaluyu Village which until now has not been managed optimally. As an innovative effort in handling this problem, the community service team held a training activity on making wind hole breeze breeze blocks using mixed materials in the form of shredded plastic and silica sand. This community service program not only focuses on efforts to reduce the level of environmental pollution, but also directs inorganic waste to be processed into building materials that have aesthetic value as well as high benefits for local residents. The activity was carried out with a focus on strengthening the role of youth groups and fathers as the main drivers of the creative economy at the village level. In the demonstration session, participants were invited to directly practice steps ranging from plastic sorting, the enumeration process, to roster printing techniques that require high precision. In addition, the team also provided technical assistance and simulations of production cost calculations so that participants understood the potential economic value of the product. Participatory discussions were conducted to explore field challenges, while the final evaluation showed an improvement in the participants' skills and environmental awareness.

This community service was carried out in Margaluyu Village, Kasemen District, Serang City. This community service program was prepared based on the problem of increasing the amount of household plastic waste in Margaluyu Village which until now has not been managed optimally. As an innovative effort in handling this problem, the community service team held a training activity on making wind hole breeze breeze blocks using mixed materials in the form of shredded plastic and silica sand. This community service program not only focuses on efforts to reduce the level of environmental pollution, but also directs inorganic waste to be processed into building materials that have aesthetic value as well as high benefits for local residents. The activity was carried out with a focus on strengthening the role of youth groups and fathers as the main drivers of the creative economy at the village level. In the demonstration session, participants were invited to directly practice steps ranging from plastic sorting, the enumeration process, to roster printing techniques that require high precision. In addition, the team also provided technical assistance and simulations of production cost calculations so that participants understood the potential economic value of the product. Participatory discussions were conducted to explore field challenges, while the final evaluation showed an improvement in the participants' skills and environmental awareness.

The main problem in Longko Village is the low utilization of coconut husk waste due to limited community knowledge and processing skills, resulting in the waste being discarded or burned without economic value. This Community Service Program aimed to empower the community through innovative processing of coconut husk into environmentally friendly and marketable broom products. The program employed a participatory approach consisting of observation, socialization, technical training, mentoring, and evaluation, involving six participants from farming households and housewives. Evaluation was conducted by assessing participants’ skills and the quality of the products produced. The results showed a significant improvement in participants’ technical competencies, as indicated by an increase in knowledge from 30% to 90% and practical skills from 25% to 80%. Most participants were able to independently produce at least one coconut husk broom with acceptable functional quality. Furthermore, the program enhanced participants’ understanding of the economic potential of coconut husk and created opportunities for sustainable household-based enterprises utilizing local resources.

Operational risk management is an essential aspect in maintaining the stability and sustainability of micro-enterprises operating in the culinary sector, particularly in the fast food industry, which relies heavily on production processes, raw material quality, and human resource skills. This study aims to analyze the types of operational risks that arise in the daily operations of the Kebab Capadocia MSME in Boyolali Regency using a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and field observations. The COSO Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Framework was used as the primary theoretical foundation to map risks based on five components: risk identification, risk assessment, control activities, information and communication, and monitoring. The results indicate that the business faces four main risk categories: production process risks, human resource risks, food hygiene and safety risks, and raw material distribution risks. Implemented controls are still informal and not supported by standard operating procedures (SOPs), resulting in recurring risks that impact product quality. These findings contribute to the MSME risk management literature and offer practical recommendations for strengthening operational structures based on systematic risk management.

The digital transformation of public service delivery has become a central agenda in contemporary public administration, positioning local governments as critical actors in translating national digital strategies into tangible, citizen-facing outcomes. Despite rapid diffusion of digital platforms and e-government initiatives, substantial variation persists in the performance, inclusiveness, and sustainability of digital public services across local contexts. This variation points to persistent challenges related to administrative capacity constraints within local governments and uneven levels of citizen readiness to access and use digital services. Addressing these challenges, this article presents a comprehensive literature review that aims to (1) map the conceptual evolution of digital public service delivery in local governments, (2) synthesize empirical findings on the roles of administrative capacity and citizen readiness, and (3) identify key theoretical and empirical gaps in the existing scholarship. Methodologically, the study adopts a systematic literature review approach, drawing on peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last five years and indexed in major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. The selected literature is analyzed using thematic synthesis, guided by an integrated theoretical framework combining Digital Government Theory and Digital Era Governance as overarching transformation lenses, Administrative Capacity and Capacity Building Theory and Competency-Based Human Resource Management to explain organizational and human resource determinants, Digital Divide Theory and the Technology Acceptance Model to capture citizen-side readiness and adoption dynamics, and Policy Implementation Theory to account for institutional and regulatory mediation. The synthesis reveals several dominant patterns: digital service performance is strongly conditioned by leadership, coordination, information capacity, and workforce competencies; citizen uptake is shaped not only by access and skills but also by perceived usefulness, ease of use, and trust; and policy design and implementation processes mediate the interaction between supply-side capacity and demand-side readiness. Importantly, the review shows that these factors are mutually constitutive rather than independent, challenging linear and technology-centric models of digital transformation. The article concludes by advancing an integrative conceptual understanding of local digital public service delivery and by outlining theoretical implications for digital public administration research as well as practical policy recommendations for designing inclusive, capacity-sensitive, and sustainable digital public services at the local level.

This study examines the integration of technology in the process of Human Resource (HR) transformation through the perspective of employee data analytics as a strategic approach to modern HR management. The primary focus of the study is to analyze the impact of the simultaneous integration of digital HR systems and organizational digital transformation on improving the efficiency of HR functions, with organizational agility positioned as a moderating variable that strengthens this relationship. In addition, the study explores the potential optimization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and predictive analytics methods, such as Bayesian Optimization, in predicting workforce dynamics, including employee attrition risk and competency development needs, while also bridging the analytical skills gap among HR practitioners. The research method employed is a systematic literature review of relevant scientific publications from 2021 to 2025, selecting sources that address digital HR transformation, HR analytics, and the application of AI in organizational contexts. The findings indicate that digital HR systems have a strong and significant effect on enhancing operational efficiency and the quality of HR decision-making, and this effect becomes more optimal when supported by a high level of organizational agility. Furthermore, AI and predictive analytics are proven to generate more accurate predictions and simplify technical complexity, making them easier for HR practitioners to adopt. This study concludes that the success of HR transformation requires a holistic approach that aligns the use of advanced technologies with organizational capabilities, human resource readiness, and ethical considerations to create sustainable organizational value.

Artistic creativity is an essential aspect of child development, contributing to imagination, fine motor skills, and self-confidence. However, limited access to art-based activities and excessive gadget use have reduced opportunities for children to develop creativity, particularly in rural areas such as Dogang Village, Langkat Regency. This community service program aimed to enhance children’s artistic creativity through the socialization of bracelet-making using paracord as a form of simple and practical non-formal education. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation involving children who participated in the activity. The socialization process included the introduction of tools and materials, demonstrations of basic knotting techniques, and hands-on practice with direct assistance. The results indicated that participants were able to master several basic techniques, including simple knots, braided patterns, and double (cobra) knots, which contributed to improved creativity, precision, social interaction, and self-confidence. In addition to its educational impact, the bracelets produced demonstrated economic potential, with an affordable selling price starting from Rp.5,000 per unit. Therefore, this activity not only supports the development of children’s artistic creativity but also provides opportunities for sustainable micro-enterprise development within the local community.

Used cooking oil is a household waste that is often disposed of carelessly, potentially polluting the environment and endangering health. In Battu Winagun Village, the availability of used cooking oil from household activities and the abundant potential of lemongrass plants have not been optimally utilized. This community service activity aims to increase the community's knowledge and skills in processing used cooking oil and lemongrass plants into environmentally friendly products with economic value, namely natural aromatherapy candles. The implementation method includes socialization of the negative impacts of used cooking oil on the environment, training in the process of filtering and processing used cooking oil, extracting lemongrass aroma, and assistance in making and packaging aromatherapy candles. The results of the activity showed that the Battu Winagun Village community was able to understand the importance of managing used cooking oil waste and utilizing lemongrass plants as a natural additive. This activity has an impact on reducing environmental pollution and opening up creative business opportunities based on the village's local potential. Thus, the use of used cooking oil and lemongrass plants can be a sustainable solution in waste management while improving the economy of the Battu Winagun Village community.

This study conducts a qualitative literature review on students' awareness in following school rules as a reflection of high internal motivation forming self-discipline without pressure, and examines the influence of time management discipline on the effectiveness of achieving Islamic Education learning outcomes. The analysis reveals that awareness in following rules develops through a long process of value internalization, starting from external compliance due to fear of punishment, shifting to compliance due to understanding the benefits of rules, and finally reaching a stage where rules are followed because their values have merged with self-identity. Factors such as dialogical rule socialization, teacher role modeling, conducive social environment, educational sanction systems, and consistent implementation significantly determine the success of this internalization. Meanwhile, time management discipline significantly influences the effectiveness of Islamic Education learning outcomes. Students with time management skills can organize study schedules, allocate time for reflection and appreciation of religious material, and consistently perform worship. The impact is seen not only in cognitive aspects through academic grades, but also in affective aspects through religious awareness and psychomotor aspects through regular worship behavior. These findings imply the need for schools to shift disciplinary development paradigms from authoritarian approaches focused on supervision and punishment toward humanist approaches focused on value internalization.

This study discusses the implementation of the demonstration method in Aqidah Akhlak learning at MA Al Muttaqin with the aim of describing the implementation process and identifying the perspectives and obstacles experienced by teachers and students. The demonstration method was selected because it is considered capable of instilling the values of faith and morality in a concrete and applicable manner, enabling students not only to understand the material theoretically but also to practice it in their daily lives. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques including classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers, the school principal, and students, as well as supporting documentation such as lesson plans and activity photographs. The collected data were analyzed through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, and their validity was ensured through triangulation techniques. The findings indicate that the demonstration method was implemented in a planned manner through stages of preparation, implementation, and simple evaluation. Teachers actively demonstrated the learning material, while students were directly involved through practical activities and discussions. The method proved effective in enhancing students’ understanding, practical skills, and the development of Islamic attitudes and behaviors. Despite challenges such as limited time, large class sizes, and inadequate facilities, the demonstration method shows significant potential to improve the quality of Aqidah Akhlak learning when managed optimally.

The competitiveness of gig workers in the digital economy era raises issues such as competency gaps with market needs and instability in the quality of gig workers' work. This study explains the influence of training, work skills, and independent learning on the performance of gig workers who participate in training programs at the Central Java Province Cooperative and SME Training Center. Therefore, this study aims to examine the influence of each variable partially and simultaneously. This study uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to the entire population or using a saturated sample of 50 gig workers participating in training at BALATKOP UKM. The data was obtained using a Likert scale questionnaire instrument compiled based on the operational definitions of the variables and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis to test the influence of training (X2), work skills (X2), and independence (X3) on performance (Y). The results of the study show that training, job skills, and independent learning each have a positive and significant effect on gig worker performance, and simultaneously, these three variables have a 66.5% effect on performance. This synthesis of findings confirms that gig worker performance is not only determined by the quality of training programs and technical skill mastery, but also by the ability to manage the learning process independently. Therefore, the conclusion is that the development of training programs at BALATKOP UKM needs to be designed in an integrated manner to simultaneously strengthen training, work skills, and independent learning as a strategy for improving the sustainable performance of gig workers.

The study titled “Designing a Web-Based E-Module for Empowering Tenth-Grade Students’ Writing Skills in Descriptive Text” aims to develop a digital learning medium to improve students’ descriptive writing abilities. The research applies a Design and Development (D&D) approach using the ADDIE model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, supported by a descriptive quantitative method. The study addresses limitations of traditional, teacher-centered instruction that relies heavily on printed materials by integrating technology into the learning process. The research begins with an analysis of existing teaching practices and learning resources for descriptive text writing. Based on this analysis, a web-based e-module is designed to provide a more interactive and engaging learning experience. The module includes structured materials such as definitions, purposes, text structures, language features, examples, and practice exercises. The e-module is then implemented in a tenth-grade classroom setting, followed by an evaluation of its effectiveness using quantitative data. The results indicate that the web-based e-module effectively improves students’ descriptive writing skills. Interactive features, including multimedia content, self-paced activities, and immediate feedback, enhance students’ motivation and active participation. Teachers and students report positive perceptions regarding the practicality, accessibility, and usefulness of the e-module. Pre-test and post-test results also show a clear improvement in students’ writing performance. Overall, the study concludes that web-based e-modules are a promising instructional medium for enhancing writing skills and supporting student-centered, technology-integrated English language learning.

This study investigates the influence of Apparatus Competency and Information Systems on Community Political Participation in the Local Government Head Election during the COVID-19 pandemic era in Karawang Regency. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to democratic processes, particularly in maintaining voter participation while ensuring public health safety. Employing a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, this research analyzed data from 263 respondents across various election administrative units. The results indicate that: (1) Apparatus Competency does not have a significant positive effect on Community Political Participation (T-value = 1.01 < 1.96); (2) Information Systems have a significant positive effect on Community Political Participation (T-value = 2.78 > 1.96; path coefficient = 0.67). The combined contribution of both variables explains 76% of the variance in political participation. From these findings, the study proposes the Skills Democracy Model, emphasizing that digital information skills and organizational experience are critical determinants of democratic participation quality during pandemic conditions. These findings have significant implications for election governance reform and e-democracy development in Indonesia.

Learning wound suturing abilities is a key asset for healthcare students, particularly midwifery and nursing students. However, inadequate simulation media sometimes inhibits the practical learning process. This study intends to investigate the usefulness of the SIMHEC prototype as a wound suturing simulation medium in boosting student knowledge. The research approach employed was a pre-experimental study with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The study involved 30 healthcare students as respondents. The research instrument was a 10-item multiple-choice questionnaire administered before (pretest) and after (posttest) use of the SIMHEC prototype. The results showed a rise in the average score, from 85 in the pretest to 100 in the posttest. This implies that employing the SIMHEC prototype as a wound suturing simulation medium can assist increase students' understanding and skills in the learning process. Therefore, the SIMHEC prototype is considered effective and can be used as an alternate learning medium for midwifery and nursing students.

Natural Science (IPA) learning in elementary schools requires the use of learning media that is able to increase students' interest in learning, learning outcomes, and critical thinking skills. However, science learning is still often done conventionally, causing students to be less active and easily bored. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate learning media that is interactive and in accordance with technological developments. One of the digital learning media that can be used is the Quizlet application. This study aims to examine the application of digital flashcards and interactive quizzes using Quizlet learning media in learning the properties and changes of the form of objects in elementary schools. The research method used is a literature study by examining various relevant sources in the form of scientific journals, research articles, and supporting references related to the use of Quizlet in learning. The results of the study show that the use of Quizlet has a positive impact on the learning process, especially in increasing students' interest, activeness, and feelings of happiness during learning. Quizlet's flashcard and test features help students understand the material through engaging visual and audio-visual displays and varied practice questions. In addition, the use of Quizlet has also been proven to be able to improve students' critical thinking skills through question-answering activities, analyzing material, and providing opinions. Student learning outcomes showed an increase with an average score above the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). Thus, Quizlet can be concluded as an effective, engaging, and relevant digital learning medium to support science learning in elementary schools.  

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in the regional economy, including in Boyolali Regency. However, this contribution has not been fully matched by adequate human resources (HR). The main problem in this study is the still low capacity of MSMEs' human resources, particularly in aspects of managerial skills, digital literacy, and adaptability to changes in the business environment, which impact business performance. This study aims to analyze human resource development strategies implemented in the MSME context and examine the impact of these strategies on improving MSME performance in Boyolali Regency. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a content analysis approach to relevant scientific literature from the past five years. The research process includes determining inclusion and exclusion criteria, searching for literature sources, thematic coding, and synthesizing research findings. The results show that effective HR development strategies can be grouped into three main aspects: skills training, marketing digitalization, and cross-sector collaboration. These three strategies have been proven to contribute positively to improving MSME competency, operational efficiency, market expansion, and business competitiveness. Thus, human resource development is a key factor in driving sustainable improvement in MSME performance, particularly in facing the challenges of digital transformation and increasingly complex economic competition.