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Family counseling is a strategic approach to helping family members overcome various issues that disrupt family harmony and functionality. In the Indonesian context, family counseling cannot be separated from the influence of distinctive local cultural values such as kinship, mutual cooperation (gotong royong), respect for elders, and the strong presence of religious and customary norms. Indonesian culture, which is predominantly collectivist and hierarchical, places the family as the central social institution that shapes individual identity and behavior. Therefore, it is essential for counselors to understand the diverse family structures present in Indonesia, ranging from patriarchal and matrilineal systems (such as in Minangkabau) to more egalitarian modern families. Culturally-based family counseling in Indonesia not only focuses on resolving interpersonal conflicts within the family but also emphasizes the importance of maintaining social harmony and protecting the family’s reputation in the community. In Indonesian society, conflict resolution is often carried out through deliberation (musyawarah) and involves third parties such as community elders, religious leaders, or respected senior family members. This highlights the need for family counselors in Indonesia to possess intercultural competence and a deep understanding of prevailing social norms. Moreover, religiosity plays a significant role in shaping values, attitudes, and decision-making within families. Counseling approaches that neglect the spiritual and cultural dimensions are often perceived as irrelevant or ineffective. Thus, integrating Western psychological theories with local values is crucial for family counseling to be both effective and contextually appropriate. This article explores the importance of culturally grounded family counseling in Indonesia by emphasizing key principles such as local wisdom, togetherness, deliberation, and harmony as the foundation for intervention strategies. By understanding the complexities of Indonesia’s pluralistic culture, family counseling can become a powerful tool to rebuild healthy, sustainable relationships and support the development of a more emotionally and socially harmonious society.  

The Baiq Nuril case is a clear reflection of the political problems of criminal law in Indonesia, especially in the context of protecting victims of sexual violence and the application of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law). Baiq Nuril, a victim of verbal harassment by her superior, was criminalized through Article 27 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law after she recorded an obscene conversation as a form of self-protection. This research uses a normative juridical approach by analyzing relevant legal instruments and their application in the Baiq Nuril case. The results show that the use of the article contains structural bias and shows an imbalance of perspectives in the criminal justice system, which tends to ignore the position of victims as well as the social context and power relations that surround them. In addition, the article's multiple interpretations open space for criminalization of victims, especially women, instead of providing protection. This case emphasizes the importance of criminal law reform oriented towards substantive justice and in favor of victims, as well as the need to revise the ITE Law so that it does not become a tool of repression against vulnerable groups. The amnesty granted by the President to Baiq Nuril is a political corrective step, but has not touched the root of systemic problems in law enforcement that have not been in favor of victims of gender-based violence.

This study aims to reveal the urgency of science in the perspective of the Qur'an, especially through the interpretation of Surah Al-Baqarah verse 164. This verse represents various natural phenomena and life processes that reflect the greatness and power of Allah, as well as being a source of reflection for intelligent humans. By using tafsir tahlili method and tafsir ilmi approach, this study emphasizes the integral relationship between revelation and science. The results of the study show that this verse encourages Muslims to observe, research, and take lessons from the signs of Allah's greatness in the universe, as well as being the basis for integration between faith and science. In conclusion, science is not only important in the development of human life, but also as a way to get closer to the Creator.

The study aims to analyze interpersonal communication in the film Photocopier, focusing on trauma, power relations, trust, and the process of truth revelation. The film reflects a social phenomenon of sexual violence and abuse of power in a university environment. And how the protagonist copes with conflict and social pressure through interpersonal communication. This research uses a qualitative phenomenological approach and content analysis. The findings show that interpersonal communication in the film potrays the individual struggle against power dynamics, the search of support, and the articulation of truth. This study is relevant as a reflection of communication dynamics within cultural and social insitituations. In addition, this study also reflects how a sense of safety, and trust are essential factors in the tourism industry, particualry in shaping the image of destinasions that are inclusive and welcoming to all individuals 

This paper examines the military cooperation between Brunei Darussalam and the United Kingdom, as well as its impact on regional stability in Southeast Asia, focusing on Brunei's non-alignment strategy as a small state. Using a descriptive analytic method based on a literature review, this paper explores descriptive data on the dynamics of Brunei's foreign policy strategy in building bilateral relations, the role of the UK post-Brexit through the Global Britain strategy in strengthening bilateral relations with ASEAN member countries, and the implementation of Brunei and British military cooperation in maintaining regional security stability through the presence of British Forces Brunei since 1963. This is supported by historical ties and the Garrison Agreement to strengthen the security of the country and the region without confrontation. Therefore, this paper shows that Brunei has managed to balance military cooperation with the UK and economic cooperation with China in the midst of great power rivalries and tensions over the South China Sea dispute, as well as its implications for regional stability.

This study aims to analyze the power of sentence structures in constructing conflict narratives in news reports about a foreign national (WNA) causing a disturbance in Kalibata City. Through a syntactic analysis approach, this research examines how sentence structures, lexical choices, and information hierarchies influence public perception of the incident. The data is analyzed using modern syntactic theory and critical discourse analysis, referencing the works of Fairclough (2020) and Halliday (2021), which emphasize the relationship between language structures and media power. The findings reveal that the use of passive constructions, subordinate clauses, and repetition of conflict-related elements intensify the dramatization and tension within the narrative. Thus, syntactic power in news texts does not merely convey information but also constructs a social perception of the reported conflict. These findings contribute to critical linguistic studies and media literacy.

This study aims to analyze the power of sentence structures in constructing conflict narratives in news reports about a foreign national (WNA) causing a disturbance in Kalibata City. Through a syntactic analysis approach, this research examines how sentence structures, lexical choices, and information hierarchies influence public perception of the incident. The data is analyzed using modern syntactic theory and critical discourse analysis, referencing the works of Fairclough (2020) and Halliday (2021), which emphasize the relationship between language structures and media power. The findings reveal that the use of passive constructions, subordinate clauses, and repetition of conflict-related elements intensify the dramatization and tension within the narrative. Thus, syntactic power in news texts does not merely convey information but also constructs a social perception of the reported conflict. These findings contribute to critical linguistic studies and media literacy.

Local fashion brands in Indonesia are increasingly favored by consumers due to their affordable prices and competitive quality compared to imported products. A key strategy for gaining market share is digital marketing, especially through TikTok. This study analyzes the sales growth strategy of Arkline, a local fashion brand that successfully utilizes TikTok for marketing. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected from official digital sources. The findings reveal that TikTok is highly effective in reaching Gen Z, who prefer visual and interactive content. Arkline's strategies include creating trend-based videos, engaging with audiences via TikTok Live, and collaborating with popular influencers. These efforts enhance brand awareness, strengthen audience engagement, and drive purchase decisions. The TikTok Shop feature also facilitates in-app purchases, leading to higher sales conversions. Overall, TikTok proves to be a powerful marketing tool for Arkline in building closer relationships with consumers, expanding market reach, and boosting competitiveness. With adaptive strategies aligned with digital trends, local brands can fully leverage TikTok’s potential in the evolving fashion industry.

Q.S. Luqman verse 27 is one of the Qur’anic verses that employs tashbih (simile) to illustrate the vastness of Allah’s knowledge and His divine majesty. The verse states that if all the trees on earth were pens and the seas were ink, they would not suffice to write the words of Allah. This study aims to analyze the structure of the simile in this verse and uncover its spiritual dimension through a Sufi interpretive approach. Using a qualitative library research method, primary sources include Sufi Qur’anic commentaries such as those of Al-Qushayri. The analysis reveals that the symbols of pens, ink, and the sea not only represent the boundlessness of divine knowledge but also convey esoteric meanings about the relationship between the servant and the Divine. Sufi interpretation emphasizes that Allah’s majesty cannot be grasped by reason alone, but rather through spiritual unveiling (kashf) and ma‘rifah (gnosis). Thus, the Sufi perspective enriches the understanding of this verse—not only literally, but also as a spiritual call toward deeper awareness of Allah’s infinite power and presence.

This study aims to examine the existence of the Church in the context of salvation history from the perspective of systematic theology, focusing on the role and vocation of the ecclesia as the community of God's people. The background of this study departs from the belief that the Church is not just a religious institution, but has an existential and historical basis in God's saving work. The Church acts as an extension of Christ's mission which is continued in the power of the Holy Spirit. In this research, the author uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The data sources consist of the Holy Bible, theological books related to the title, as well as relevant theological journal articles. This research was conducted to understand the relationship between the Church's identity and its participation in salvation history, both dogmatically and functionally. The results show that the Church is called to be an active witness in the work of salvation, by carrying out prophetic, liturgical, and social functions. As an ecclesia, the Church is not just a collection of individual believers, but a community that lives in relationship with Christ as the Head. The discussion emphasizes that the Church has a mandate to live in unity, holiness, catholicity, and apostolate, all of which are rooted in God's grace. In conclusion, the existence of the Church in salvation history is eschatological and missionary. The Church is called to be a sign and means of salvation, and to take part in the salvation of the world.

This study is a literature review that discusses the relationship between sports and politics in historical and contemporary contexts. Through an analysis of 10 recent scientific articles and journals, it was found that sports function not only as physical activities, but also as a tool of diplomacy, a symbol of identity, and a means of political expression. This study identifies various forms of political intervention in sports, both at the institutional level such as FIFA and UEFA, and by countries and individuals such as athletes. In Indonesia, history shows that sports have been a medium for political struggle since the colonial era until now as a tool for imaging and policy diplomacy. This finding emphasizes that sports are not neutral spaces, but strategic arenas in the dynamics of power and global identity. This study provides theoretical and practical contributions in understanding the strategic role of sports in socio-political development and encourages broader interdisciplinary studies in the future.

Local fashion brands in Indonesia are gaining popularity due to their affordable prices and competitive quality compared to imported products. One successful example is Arkline, a local fashion brand that effectively uses digital marketing, particularly TikTok, to reach its target market. This study aims to analyze Arkline’s sales growth strategy using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through digital observations and official online sources. The findings reveal that TikTok is a highly effective platform for engaging Generation Z, who prefer visual, interactive, and authentic content. Arkline’s strategy includes creating trend-based videos, using TikTok Live for real-time interactions, and collaborating with influencers who have large followings. These methods help increase brand awareness, strengthen customer engagement, and drive purchasing decisions. Additionally, the TikTok Shop feature enables seamless in-app transactions, which boosts conversion rates. Overall, TikTok serves as a powerful tool for Arkline to build stronger relationships with consumers, expand its market reach, and stay competitive in the fashion industry. With the right digital marketing strategy and adaptability to current trends, local brands like Arkline can fully leverage TikTok’s potential as an effective platform in today’s digital era.

The Constitutional Court is a state institution that emerged from the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, as part of the efforts to strengthen the principles of the rule of law and constitutional democracy in Indonesia. This institution plays a crucial role in upholding legal regulations, ensuring proper checks, and balancing the power between institutions and the state. This research aims to examine the position, authority, and contributions of the Constitutional Court within Indonesia's governance system. A normative approach is generally used, along with analyses of laws, Constitutional Court decisions, and various related legal literature. The results of the study show that the Constitutional Court not only acts as the gatekeeper of the structure, but also as the sole translator of the structure, which has an important influence on the dynamics of relations between state institutions and the development of constitutional law in Indonesia. The Constitutional Court participates in the protection of citizens' rights, the improvement of the electoral system, and the upholding of the principles of democracy and real justice.

The principle of freedom of contract is a fundamental tenet in contract law that grants parties the autonomy to determine the content, form, and subjects of an agreement. In the context of business contracts in Indonesia, this principle plays a vital role in providing flexibility for business actors to regulate their legal relationships independently. However, in practice, the implementation of this principle often faces various challenges, such as unequal bargaining power between parties and legal interventions aimed at protecting weaker parties. This study aims to analyze how the principle of freedom of contract is applied in the practice of business contracts in Indonesia, as well as the legal boundaries that limit such freedom. A normative juridical method is employed, using statutory and case study approaches. The findings indicate that contractual freedom in Indonesia is not absolute but is restricted by positive law, propriety, and public order. Therefore, a balance is required between contractual freedom and legal protection in the drafting of business contracts.  

Constitusionalism, as a fundamental principle upholding the rule of law and the recognition of fundamental rights of citizens, holds crucial relevance in the formation of laws in Indonesia. The primary objective of constitusionalism in this context is to ensure the alignment of statutory regulations with the noble values enshrined in the 1945 Constitusion of the Replubic of Indonesia (UUD 1945). The legislative process in Indonesia, which is based on the principles of democracy, justice, and respect for human roghts, necessitates contitutionalism as a mtehodological guideline. This research employs a qualitative research method with a literature study apporoach. Through an indepth analysis of various legal and theoretical sources, this study explores how constitutionalism influences the formation of laws, including ensuring the absence of substantive and procedural contradictions with the UUD 1945. Furthermore, this research examines the role of conctitutionakism in regulating the relations between state institutions in the legislative process, strengthening the function of the Constitutional Court in judical review and limiting the potential for abuse of power. Consequently, this research argues that the relevence of constitutionalism the quality of the resulting laws, as well as their implications for the justice and welfare of all Indonesian people.

This research focuses on the involvement of community organizations (CSOs) in business activities in Makassar City, emphasizing the dynamics of power relations that develop outside the formal framework of the state. In daily practice, CSOs frequently conduct inspections, symbolic enforcement, and even intimidation against business actors despite lacking official government mandates, resulting in a shift in oversight functions to the informal realm. The aim of this research is to understand how CSOs can gain social legitimacy and exercise pseudo-authoritative authority in the public sphere. To address this, the research methods used include in-depth interviews with 18 informants and analysis of 21 relevant documents. The analysis shows that CSOs' authority is formed through informal socio-political networks that rely on three main factors: community support, closeness to security forces, and local media coverage that strengthens their symbolic legitimacy. This then results in pseudo-authority, a form of de facto authority that is accepted in certain social contexts even though it is not legally recognized. Further findings indicate resistance from business actors and community leaders who question the legality and economic impact of mass organization interventions, which are considered to have the potential to hamper the business climate and create uncertainty. However, the weak response from local governments actually emphasizes the gap in formal oversight mechanisms, opening up space for mass organizations to fill this role. This condition indicates that the authorizing environment is not institutional as it should be, but rather social, contested, and dependent on the dynamics of power relations at the local level. Thus, this study provides a picture of how the pseudo-authority practices of mass organizations are formed, accepted, and questioned in the context of urban social and economic governance.

The study aims to analyze interpersonal communication in the film Photocopier, focusing on trauma, power relations, trust, and the process of truth revelation. The film reflects a social phenomenon of sexual violence and abuse of power in a university environment. And how the protagonist copes with conflict and social pressure through interpersonal communication. This research uses a qualitative phenomenological approach and content analysis. The findings show that interpersonal communication in the film potrays the individual struggle against power dynamics, the search of support, and the articulation of truth. This study is relevant as a reflection of communication dynamics within cultural and social insitituations. In addition, this study also reflects how a sense of safety, and trust are essential factors in the tourism industry, particualry in shaping the image of destinasions that are inclusive and welcoming to all individuals.

Opposition is an important element in a democratic system that functions as a mechanism of control over power. In the context of Indonesian constitutionality, the existence of the opposition is a prerequisite for the realization of a healthy and effective democracy. However, in practice, the term opposition is often equated with the principle of checks and balances, thus causing a blur of meaning between the two. This paper aims to examine the paradigm of the opposition in the Pancasila democratic system and analyze the relationship between the opposition and the principle of checks and balances in the Indonesian constitutional system. This research uses a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach, through a conceptual approach and a legislative approach. An analysis was carried out on the doctrines of constitutional law and provisions in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia related to the implementation of opposition and the principle of checks and balances. This approach was chosen to explore legal issues in depth and find a comprehensive understanding of the role of the opposition in the Indonesian constitutional system. The results of the study show that even though Indonesia does not adhere to a parliamentary or presidential system with two parties, the implementation of the opposition is still relevant and carried out with attention to the values of consensus in Pancasila democracy. The opposition in Indonesia is not confrontational, but constructive and oriented towards strengthening the system of supervision of power. Opposition and the principle of checks and balances are two concepts that are terminologically different, but interrelated and inseparable in Indonesian constitutional practice. Both serve as important instruments in maintaining the balance of power and ensuring accountability in the administration of government. Thus, a proper understanding of the opposition paradigm and the principle of checks and balances is the key to strengthening constitutional democracy in Indonesia.

This study investigates directive speech acts in Chapter 1 of the Japanese manga *Dandadan*, focusing on how characters use language to influence others’ behavior. The objective is to classify the types of directive utterances and analyze their pragmatic functions based on the speaker and context. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, using pragmatic theory to analyze speech data taken directly from dialogue panels. The analysis identified nine instances of directive speech acts, which include commands, prohibitions, invitations, and requests. Ayase Momo emerges as the character who produces the most directive utterances, predominantly in the form of commands and prohibitions, indicating her dominant and assertive communication style. Okarun, in contrast, tends to use polite requests and prohibitions, suggesting a more cautious and respectful approach. The findings reveal that the types of directive speech acts used are closely related to each character’s personality and the emotional context of the scene. These results underscore the role of speech acts in character development and narrative dynamics within manga. The study’s implication lies in showing how linguistic choices in manga dialogue reflect interpersonal power relations and emotional intensity. Future research is encouraged to explore directive speech acts across multiple chapters for broader insights.

The development of e-commerce and the internet requires business actors to be able to adapt, including in terms of marketing. Word of Mouth is a marketing strategy that is considered quite effective because it refers to human-to-human interaction through personal recommendations and positive experiences with something. In this era of social media, Online Customer Reviews are a form of evolution of Word of Mouth marketing. Online Customer Reviews utilize the power of Word of Mouth through digital platforms and have a significant impact in influencing consumer perceptions and purchasing decisions. This research uses several statistical tests to measure the reliability of the instruments and data. This research focuses on calculating the relationship between the Online Customer Review (X) and Purchase Decision (Y) variables at Shopee. The analysis results show a positive and significant correlation between the two, confirmed by simple linear regression and correlation tests. The findings confirm that Online Customer Reviews have a positive and significant influence on Consumer Purchasing Decisions. Therefore, sellers, especially on the Shopee marketplace, are expected to prioritize the quality of their products and services so that they can trigger good online customer reviews which then have an impact on increasing sales.